The Gladiators - icHistory · Female gladiators were _____ spectacles in the Roman Empire. Analysis of a statue in a German museum adds to the evidence that women did fight as gladiators.

The Gladiators Part 2/2

Did Women Fight as Gladiators? Discover : evidence to support the belief that women fought as gladiators Explore : the strength of this evidence.

Cleaning

Naked

Chested

Sica

Men

Female gladiators were __________ spectacles in the Roman Empire. Analysis of a statue in a

German museum adds to the evidence that women did fight as gladiators. The 2,000-year-old

statue in Hamburg, shows a bare _________woman in a loincloth holding a scythe-like object

in her left hand. Spanish Historian Alfonso Manas believes the woman is holding

a _______ a short, curved sword used by a type of gladiator known as a _____________.

Historians had previously thought the curved object was as a strigil, which Romans used for

__________ the body. The woman’s pose doesn't support that explanation, Manas said, If

she were washing herself, "raising the cleaning tool in her hand while she's looking at the

ground doesn't make sense," Furthermore, "she is wearing a cloth around her genital area,"

he added. "If she is cleaning herself, she would be completely naked." The figure's lowered

head and raised arm was “ a typical __________ gesture of gladiators suggest a gladiator

standing over her defeated rival. This gesture may also explain why the woman was not

wearing __________or shield. At the end of fights they put down their helmet so that all the

__________ could see the face of the winning gladiator. They also threw their shield to the

ground. As for being topless, that was also normal. One of the rules of a gladiatorial fight was

that women or men fought with bare chests, No doubt the appearance of female gladiators

would also cause excitement especially for the ____________ in the crowd!”

National Geographic, Article 2010.

1: What did people used to think the woman (right) was holding in her hand ?

__________________________________________________________________________

2: Why was watching female gladiators exciting for the Roman people?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3: Is it a fact that the statue to the right shows a female gladiator ? Explain your answer ..

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Name : Class :

Did Most Romans Enjoy The Games ? Mission : to analyse and evaluate historical sources to gain a better understanding about how Romans felt about the games.

Did All Romans Enjoy The Games? It is very easy to judge people from the past based on what we have seen in movies, based on common stereotypes or maybe even because of things you have been taught by your teacher. You are going to perform an investigation to try

and gain a more accurate idea about the Roman people and what they said, felt and thought about watching the slaughter of humans and animals for their entertainment.

A

B To most Romans the gladiator fights were more

than killing. There was a magic about the games

which they seemed to like. Entry to the games

was free. It was a citizen’s right to see the

games. There would often not be enough room

in the Colosseum and there would be fights

outside. People waited all night to make sure of

a place when the games started in the morning.

School Textbook, 1999.

Source Unknown

icHistory.com

‘Emperor Tiberius did not construct / b_________ any new places for

gladiator exhibitions / s________ and even left the fixing of Pompey's

theatre unfinished after many years. He gave no gladiator shows at all,

and did not like to attend / g _______ to those given by others.

Ancient History Book.

Seneca, Roman senator and philosopher, tells of a visit he once paid to the arena. He arrived in the middle of the day, during the mass execution of

criminals during the interval between the wild-beast show in the morning and the gladiatorial show of the afternoon:

All the previous fighting had been merciful by comparison. Now we have pure unadulterated murder. The combatants have no protective covering;

their entire bodies are exposed to the blows. No blow falls in vain. This is what lots of people prefer to the regular contests, and even to those which

are put on by popular request. And it is obvious why. There is no helmet, no shield to repel / stop the blade / sword . Why have armour? Why bother

with skill? All that just delays death. In the morning, men are thrown to lions and bears. At mid-day they are thrown to the spectators themselves. No

sooner has a man killed, than they shout for him to kill another, or to be killed. The final victor is kept for some other slaughter. In the end, every

fighter dies. And all this goes on while the arena is half empty. You may object that the victims committed robbery or were murderers. So what?

Even if they deserved to suffer, what's your compulsion to watch their sufferings?

‘”When they had lost all hope of escape Pompey's

elephants, tried to gain the compassion (help) of the

crowd by screaming loudly. Much to the distress

(unhappiness) of the public (people) that they forgot

the games were for their own entertainment. Some

people bursting into tears (crying) stood up together

and shouted curses (swear words) on the head of

Emperor Pompey, who, soon afterwards paid

the penalty’.

Pliny the younger, a Roman writer and philosopher.

AD 23-79.

The wild beast hunts, two a day for five days, are magnificent. There is no denying it. But

what pleasure is there in seeing a puny human mangled by a powerful beast or a

splendid animal killed with a hunting spear.

Cicero, in a letter to friends in 50AD C D Hermes, the martial pleasure of an age, Hermes, well-learned in all arms, Hermes, both gladiator and teacher, Hermes, confusion and terror of his school, Hermes, the only one who Helius fears, Hermes, the only one for whom Advolans fell, Hermes, taught to conquer, not kill, Hermes, himself his substitute, Hermes, wealth of the scalpers, Hermes, care and heartthrob of the slave-girls, Hermes, warlike and arrogant with a spear, Hermes, menacing with a sea trident, Hermes, his plumed helmet drooping, to be feared, Hermes, glory of all kinds of war, Hermes, alone is all and three in one.

A poem about Hermes the gladiator By Roman Poet , Martial. E G

H

F

‘The people no longer care

about who r _ _ _ _ them. An

emperor or a senate, They long

eagerly for just two things -

b _ _ _ _ and g _ _ _ _!’

A Roman Politician.

AD 60.

Gladiator fights also took place outside the Colosseum. Very rich Romans would invite their friends to

their homes for dinner. Once they were full with food and drink they called in the gladiators. Once one

man had his throat cut they applauded / clapped with delight / happiness . Once finished they began to

eat their food again.

Source Unknown.

All of the lions were killed as they came out of the floor. It was

not very exciting, as the lions did not fight like they do when let

out of cages. Many of them unwilling to attack, were killed with

arrows without a fight.

A Roman writer explain what he saw when 100

lions were let into the arena. C AD 60

L

N

J K

‘Emperor Pompey slaughtered wild beasts of all kinds.

Indeed, five hundred lions were used up in five days,

and eighteen elephants fought against men in heavy

armour. Pompey was angry when people began to feel

sorry for the elephants. After they elephants were

wounded / hurt and could not fight, they crawled

about on their knees with their trunks raised toward

the heavens, and seeming crying out in wonder why

had they been taken from their homes far away.

Where they calling to the gods to help? ‘

Cassius Dio, A Roman Writer.

L

I

“He knows what Rome is. Rome is the mob. He’ll

bring them death. And they will love him for it”

A scene from the movie Gladiator. 2000 CE

Senator Grachus talks about Emperor Commodus.

M Source unknown

“Kill, Kill they shout. Beat him! Burn Him!

Why won’t he Kill him with his sword?

What a coward!. Why can’t he die more

quickly? They must fight. Oh-it’s the break.

Let’s have someone strangled while we

wait”

A Roman writer explains what the Roman

crowd were like when they

watched the gladiators.

“ Don't forget, there's a big gladiator show coming up the day after

tomorrow. Not the same old fighters either. They've got a fresh shipment

in. There's not a slave in that batch. Just wait. There'll be cold steel and

blood for the crowd,. The amphitheatre / Colosseum will end up looking

like a slaughterhouse. There's even a girl who fights from a chariot."

Written on a poster advertising Gladiatorial games.

YouTube : Spartacus Fight To The Death Clip

O

Q

R

P

The Romans loved gladiators. They

loved the men, the weapons, the

fighting and the blood. The great

amphitheaters of Rome, like the

Colosseum, were always full with

spectators, who watched men fight

bloody battles, both with each other

and with a dazzling array of wild and

dangerous animals. It’s not hard to

imagine the excitement

www.romanguide.com

c 2005

S W

Find a source of your own and add it here. You

may be asked to share your finding with your

classmates.

"These fighters are sent out with no armour of any kind; they are open

to blows at all points, an no one ever strikes in vain...The crowd de-

mands that the victor who has slain his opponent shall face the man

who will slay him in turn; and the last conqueror is reserved for

another butchering" - Seneca . T

An 18th century painting by Jean-Leon Gerome

St. Augustine, a Roman philosopher tells "The Story of

Alypius", the story of a young man who gets taken to a

gladiatorial show. St. Augustine writes about the

"cruelty", and "lust", of the crowd. The character in the

story, Alypius, is at first repulsed and disgusted by the

violence, but then has a change of heart, mainly because

he has been over-powered and influenced by the cheering

crowd .

Taken from an online essay about the Gladiators - written in 2006. U

V

Did All Romans Enjoy The Games ? Source Study

Compare Seeing Question Guess Define Choose Biased? Type

?

Mission : to complete the questions and tasks related to historical sources.

A ? Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

Why did Roman citizens fight outside the Colosseum?

Roman citizens fought outside the Colosseum because ….

B List the different animals you can taking part in the Venatio.

C Give another meaning for the words below

Construct = b

Attend = g

F Why were the Roman people unhappy with Emperor Pompey?

The Roman people were

Exhibitions = s

G Guess the words left out of the source.

L Compare source L to source A

Something that is corroborated is ..

List

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

?

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

R

B

G

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

Something that is not corroborated is ..

O Can you give 3 examples of bias shown in the advertisement?

Q Does the Roman writer have a good or bad opinion of the crowd? ( explain )

S Can you give 3 examples of bias shown in the source?

T List 3 reasons why Seneca does not like what he has seen.

U What type of source is this - primary, secondary or tertiary. Explain your answer.

Compare Seeing Question Guess Define Choose Biased? Type List

?

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

1 2 3

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

1 2 3

?

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

M Compare source M to source F Suggests did enjoy Suggests did not enjoy

Something that is corroborated is ..

Something that is not corroborated is ..

Source

‘Who’

Source Type

Date

P, S or T

The Romans DID Enjoy The Games

The Romans DID NOT Enjoy The Games

A

?

School

Textbook

1999

Secondary

The games were exciting It was free to enter. Romans would fight to get in

8/10

Source

‘Who’

Source Type

Date

P, S or T

The Romans DID Enjoy The Games

The Romans DID NOT Enjoy The Games

Source

‘Who’

Source Type

Date

P, S or T

The Romans DID Enjoy The Games

The Romans DID NOT Enjoy The Games

Consider : the attitudes and opinions of the Roman people Skill : research, categorisation and forming an opinion.

Paragraph 1 Main Point =

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Paragraph 2 Main Point =

Paragraph 3 Main Point =

Did Most Romans Enjoy The Games ? ..... brainstorm.

Brainstorm ideas, then categorise them below

3 MAIN paragraph points

A

A

A

Essay Plan : Did Most Romans Enjoy The Games? Introduction: 1: Use a full sentence to answer the question in a ‘thesis statement’ EG; Most Roman people did / did not enjoy the games. 2: Outline the three main ideas why they did or did not.

Firstly, primarily

1 :_______________

Also, secondly,

2 :_______________

Finally, in addition.

3 : ______________

Points Examples

to support you main point

Explain

the examples you have used

Evidence

A “quote” or statistic?

Grade / Level ?

Grade / Level ?

Grade / Level ?

Grade / Level ?

Grade / Level ?

Link back to the ?

Importance of examples used

Furthermore….

Conclusion: 1 : Outline the most important point 2 : Are there any connections between reasons ?

Furthermore….

Furthermore….

2 marks

Spartacus, The Rebel Gladiator Tsar Nicholas + Family

As a punishment for leaving

the army he was forced to

fight as a

Thracian Gladiator

Other runaway slaves soon joined them. They made a base camp on Mount Vesuvius - the gladiators taught those who joined them how to fight and gave them basic weapons .

Spartacus was a Roman soldier - it is said that he deserted the army

73 BC

He escaped from a private gladiatorial training school with some 70 other gladiators.

Spartacus’ army beat the first four Roman armies sent to kill them. More slaves joined Spartacus with his army growing to about 100 000 men.

Spartacus beat three more Roman armies then, for unknown reasons, turned south instead of crossing the Alps. Crassus organised the biggest Roman army yet to deal with the rebellious slave army.

Spartacus shared leadership of the slave army with the Gaul, Crixus .

Spartacus wanted to escape by crossing the mountains ( Alps ) to the North, but Crixus, wanted to attack Rome. He hoped large numbers of slaves in Rome would join them against the Romans

1 : Rome 2 : Alps

It is believed Spartacus paid Sicilian pirates* to help his army escape from Italy on ships—however, the pirates betrayed Spartacus and did not show up to take them away. This left Spartacus’ army trapped with their backs to the sea and an enor-mous Roman Army coming to kill them. * Mark on map

General Crassus

The Romans chased Spartacus and his army for weeks. After some smaller battles Spartacus’ army was destroyed in Southern Italy. Spartacus was killed, possibly crucified. His body was never identified by the Romans.

Another 6,000 slaves were crucified for miles along the roads outside of Rome as a warning to others. The Romans banned private citizens

from owning gladiator schools.

Crixus took 30 000 slaves and turned to attack Rome. However they were destroyed by the Roman General

Crassus . Crassus then prepared to kill Spartacus.

Year Jumbled Timeline BC : AD

2000 The movie Gladiator created released AD

404 Roman Emperor Honorius stops the games AD

700 Rome Created BC

71 General Marcus Crassus defeats Spartacus BC

72 Construction of the Colosseum begins AD

110 First recorded killing of Christians in the Colosseum AD

107 Emperor Trajan’s games - thousands killed AD

73 Spartacus’ Revolt begins BC

200 Emperor Septimus Severus bans women gladiators AD

80 Colosseum opened AD

847 Colosseum damaged in an earthquake AD

264 The first recorded gladiator fight BC

The Gladiators And Colosseum Timeline Task : to organise the dates and events into the correct chronological order.

Name : Class :

72

AD

Year Ordered Timeline BC : AD

Timeline with revision image /sketch

Rome and the Gladiators Review Mission : to complete the puzzle carefully, check spellings and review your learning.

Down

1 Fame, money and popularity

2 He didn’t like what he saw

3 Given to symbolise freedom

4 A pursuer

5 Pollice Verso sign

6 Fought against wild beasts

8 Type of gladiator ? ( F )

10 Retiarius’ preferred weapon

11 Decision making power of Rome

13 *** of War

14 What’s this ? ( G )

15 A heavily armoured type of gladiator

17 The Romulus and Remus story was a ..

18 Popular gladiators

20 What’s this ? ( H )

23 Thrown to the lions

Across

7 The Ferry Man

9 These people ( A )

12 A rebel gladiator

16 Type of gladiator ( B )

19 Very popular gladiators

21 The capacity of the Colosseum

22 Usually made to fight without armour

23 A famous amphitheatre

24 The people of Rome

25 What is this ? ( C )

26 Bloody killing

27 ‘He has had it ‘

28 What is this ? ( D )

29 What is happening ? ( E )

30 ‘Those who are about to die *** you’

Name : Class :

Rome and the Gladiators Answers Mission : to complete the puzzle carefully, check spellings and review your learning.

Down

1 Glory

2 Seneca

3 Gladius

4 Secutor

5 Thumbs up

6 Bestiarii

8 Hiplomachus

10 Trident

11 Senate

13 Prisoners

14 Venatio

15 Samnite

17 Myth

18 Professionals

20 Chariot Racing

23 Christians

Across

7 Charon

9 Spectators

12 Spartacus

16 Thracian

19 Women

21 Fifty Thousand

22 Criminals

23 Colosseum

24 Citizens

25 Manica

26 Slaughter

27 ‘Habet hoc habet’

28 Circus Maximus

29 Strangle

30 Salute

Hippodrome

Circus Maximus

Colosseum Sp

ecta

tors

Cro

wd

Chariot

Racing Amphitheatre

Prisoners of

War

Rebel

Spartacus Beast Fighters

Bestiarii

Exec

ute

d Ch

ristian

s

Trid

ent N

et

Pollice Verso

Thumbs Up

Charon

Mercury

Samnite Hoplomachus Equite Secutor Scissor Thracian Murmillo Dimachaeri

Cap

acit

y 50 0

00

Nav

al Batt

les The

Hu

nt Ven

atio

Ro

man

Wri

ter

Sen

eca

Ro

man

Writer P

liny

You

nge

r

No

arm

ou

r Crim

inals

Slaves C

rimin

als P

rofessio

nals

Co

loss

eu

m

Are

na

Am

ph

ith

eat

re

Ordered Correctly

Cut And

Order Next page

Hippodrome

Circus Maximus

Colosseum

Spec

tato

rs

Cro

wd

Chariot

Racing Amphitheatre

Prisoners of

War

Rebel

Spartacus Beast Fighters

Bestiarii

Exec

ute

d C

hristi

ans

Trid

ent N

et

Pollice Verso

Thumbs Up

Charon

Mercury

Samnite

Hoplomachus

Equite

Secutor

Scissor

Thracian

Murmillo Dimachaeri

Cap

acit

y

50

00

0

Nav

al

Batt

les The

Hu

nt

Ven

atio

Ro

man

Wri

ter

Sen

eca

Ro

man

Writer P

liny

You

nge

r

No

arm

ou

r

Crim

inals

Slaves

Crim

inals

Pro

fession

als

Co

loss

eu

m

Are

na

Am

ph

ith

eat

re

Round 1

1 A B C D

2 A B C D

3 A B C D

4 A B C D

5 A B C D

6 A B C D

7 A B C D

8 A B C D

9 A B C D

10 A B C D

Score

Rome and the Gladiators Quiz .

Suggestion : At the end of each round feedback your total / accumulative scores. The team with the LOWEST score is allowed to ‘steal’ a member from another team!

Mission : to answer questions from the accompanying PPT quiz.

Round 2

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Team Name : _______________________

Name Bonus : 3

Round 3

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Score

Round 4

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Round 5

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Unit Assessment : Rome and the Gladiators.

Part A: Skill, knowledge. Decide if the following statements are true or false by circling below. / 5

Part B: Chronology (perfect chronology bonus +2) / 12

True False

Part C: Skill: Vocabulary. Insert the word that fits the definition. (perfect spelling bonus +2) / 12

The Gladiator and Colosseum Timeline : Put the dates into chronological order then match with the events shown in the pictures

Student Name : _____________________________ Class : __________

1 : Rome was created

by Romulus and

Remus

3 : Women did not

fight as

gladiators

2 : It was free for

Romans to

see the games

4 : Professional

gladiators were made

to fight in the arena

5 : Emperor

Commodus fought in

the Colosseum

True False True False True False True False

2000 700 73 72 200 404 80 847 264 71

1 Planned killing - often by the state ( rulers of a country )

2 To kill by putting hands around the neck

3 A person who dies for their beliefs

4 A spear with 3 points

5 The name given to the owner of a gladiator school

6 To show kindness or compassion

7 A person who watches something

8 To achieve fame, fortune or popularity

9 Wild, dangerous animal

10 A small sword

COLOMBUS

1st gladiator fight Rome created Gladiator movie Spartacus’ Revolt Earthquake damage

Women banned Colosseum opened Building begins Crassus kill Spartacus All gladiators banned

700 BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

BC

AD

Aim: Analyse the source below then use evaluation skills to decide if it is a reliable account or not. / 20

‘ I went to the games one day hoping for some excitement. I was bitterly disappointed. It was really mere butchery (lots of killing). Men were thrown to lions and to bears there was no escape for them.. "Kill him! burn him alive" was the cry: "Why is he such a coward? Why won't he rush (run) on the steel? Why does he fall so meekly (easily)? Why won't he die will-ingly?" Unhappy that I am I can now choose not to go again. Why must I look on such a sce-ne as this? Do not, my Lucilius, attend the games, I pray you. Either you will be corrupted or if you show disgust, be hated by the multitude ( crowd ). So stay away.’

A letter from Petronius to his nephew Luciliius, AD 62

Who created this source: _______________________ their job, role or position: ___________________________

Who is it for / audience: __________________________________________________________________________

When was it created: Year:____ Century: ____ BCE CE Primary Secondary Tertiary

Where is the person who created the source from ? ___________________________________________________

What type of source is it: Letter / Speech / Diary / Other : ____________________________________________

What is the content of the source. Summarise this in your own words rather then just copy out lines.

The MAIN point of the source is : _________________________________________________________________

Furthermore it reveals :___________________________________________________________________________

Additionally it illustrates :__________________________________________________________________________

Finally it shows us :_______________________________________________________________________________

3: The source MOTIVE (why) may may not make the source reliable because : ________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Unreliable What Reliable Who Could the person know things others

do not?

Do they have an important job?

Is the person trustworthy?

Could their ‘audience’ influence what

is said or written?

2 : The source provenance (origins) may may not make the source reliable because : ___________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Example from the source : ‘_________________________________________________________________________’

Where Where a person comes

from may influence the

reliability of a source. For

example, a German in

1942 may be biased

towards a Jewish person

and a Jewish person may

feel angry towards

Germans even today.

Why Does the person motive

or a reason to lie?

Does the person have a

reason to tell the truth?

Could it be propaganda?

Persuasion?

1: The source content (what) may may not make the source reliable because : ________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Example : ’ _____________________________________________________________________________________’

4 : Any other ideas why the source may or may not be reliable. Is the source supported / corroborated?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Uses opinions

One sided

Strong Language

Emotional

Confused

Boastful

Exaggerates

Subjective

Not Corroborated

Uses facts

Balanced

Softer Language

Calm

Clear

Modest

Understates

Objective

Corroborated

P R O V E N A N C E

When Primary sources from a good eyewitness may

be truthful, but they can also be confused or

emotional. Primary sources may be recorded a

long time after the event so the person may

have forgotten some details.

Secondary sources may get changed over

time. The person was not there, but they can

be written with less emotion and using more

information not available at the time..

C O N T E N T

Unreliable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Reliable

Use the bias indicators below to help decide if the source is reliable or unreliable / biased. Consider 1: Content 2: Provenance 3: Motive 4: Corroboration

M O T I V E

Part E: Skill: sentence construction / knowledge. Answer the following using a full sentence. / 6

1: Why did the Romans send Christians into the arena to be eaten by lions? ( 2 )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

2: What was the Venatio ( 2 )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

1 :_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2:_______________________________________________________________________________________________

3 :________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 :______________________________________________________________________________________________

Part H: Skill: Causation: Circle if the following are causes or effects of the games ( or both ) / 5

Cause : Effect : Both

Assessment Score: A B C D E F G H I J ____ / 100

Part F: Skill: Knowledge / understanding. List four benefits ( good things) about being a gladiator / 4

Romans had a history

of war

ALL North African

elephants killed off

Emperors wanted to

be popular

Part G: Skill: Describe an event - Describe Spartacus’ Revolt / 6

3: Which type of gladiators were the most popular and why ? ( 2 )

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Colosseum

was built

Cause : Effect : Both Cause : Effect : Both Cause : Effect : Both

Part I Skill: essay. Did Most Romans Enjoy The Games ? Answer on lined paper or template / 20

Part J : Assessed classwork : Mark to be added from the ‘ The Gladiator Diary piece? / 10

The movie gladiator

was made

Cause : Effect : Both

Why it happened :_______________________________________________________________Year : ______________

Key People : ________________________________________________________________________________________

What happened :____________________________________________________________________________________

What happened : ___________________________________________________________________________________

Consequence : ______________________________________________________________________________________

Consequence : ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Did Most Romans Enjoy The Games ?

Rome And The Gladiators ( Part 2 of 2 )

Full Pack Contents

Differentiated Vocab Builders The Birth of Rome

Who Were the Gladiators ? Gladiators Source Types Top Ten Gladiator Types

Inside the Colosseum What Else Happened In The Arena?

Uncovered - Female Gladiators Top Ten Famous Gladiators

Buy Your Gladiator Equip Your Gladiator Train Your Gladiator

Design Your Gladiator Empathy and Creative Writing

(The Diary of a Gladiator) Who Was Spartacus?

Investigation ( Did Most Romans Enjoy The Games? )

Writing Frames Review - Crossword and Picture Puzzle

Review - Cut and Match Puzzle Source Analysis and Enquiry

Review - PowerPoint Quiz Media clips, Links and Games

Unit Assessment

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