Top Banner
The First INECO The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 July, 21 st st , 2007 , 2007
43

The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Jan 17, 2016

Download

Documents

Chrystal Howard
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

The First INECO The First INECO Stakeholder WorkshopStakeholder Workshop

Mansoura, Egypt Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 July, 21stst, 2007, 2007

Page 2: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Water Quality DeteriorationWater Quality Deteriorationin Bahr Basandeila Canal, in Bahr Basandeila Canal,

Dakahlia GovernorateDakahlia Governorate

Page 3: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

By:By:

ProfProf. . Samy ElSamy El--FellalyFellaly

Soils, Water and Environmental Soils, Water and Environmental Research InstituteResearch Institute;; (SWERI) (SWERI),,

Agricultural Research Agricultural Research CenterCenter,,

Ministry of Agriculture & Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation; Land Reclamation;

(MALR)(MALR)

Page 4: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Egypt is an arid country which Egypt is an arid country which depends almost entirely on the depends almost entirely on the River Nile for its water supply.River Nile for its water supply.

Despite the importance of Despite the importance of water, the Nile water water, the Nile water distribution network is subject distribution network is subject to contamination by disposed to contamination by disposed wastes and encroachment on wastes and encroachment on the right of way.the right of way.

Page 5: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Open waterways, especially the Open waterways, especially the drains, act as the repository drains, act as the repository and conveyance for liquid and conveyance for liquid wastes. wastes.

Heavy use of pesticides, Heavy use of pesticides, inadequate sewage disposal, inadequate sewage disposal, and uncontrolled industrial and uncontrolled industrial effluents have created major effluents have created major water pollution problemswater pollution problems..

Page 6: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Furthermore, the increased Furthermore, the increased demand for both domestic and demand for both domestic and irrigation purposes requires irrigation purposes requires the implementation of the implementation of concerted efforts to rationalize concerted efforts to rationalize water use and increase water use and increase awareness among end-users awareness among end-users and stakeholders.and stakeholders.

Page 7: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

The Institutional The Institutional

Framework of Framework of

Water Quality Water Quality

ManagementManagement

Page 8: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Water Quality ManagementWater Quality Management

LegalLegal AspectsAspects MonitoringMonitoring

Laws:Laws:MWRI (Law 48/1982)

MoHUUD (Law 93/1969)EEAA (Law 4/1994)

Standards:Standards:Inland Water: MWRI

Drinking Water: MoHPCoastal Water: EEAA

Enforcement:Enforcement:MWRI

Ministry of Interior; (MoI) EEAA

Ambient Water:Ambient Water:Inland: NWRC & EHD

Coastal: EEAANRC/NIOF (specific projects)

Effluent:Effluent:Compliance: MoHP

Pollution ControlPollution Control

Prevention:Prevention:Agro-chemicals: MALR

Licensing: MWRIEnv. Action Plan: EEAA

Treatment:Treatment:Municipal: NOPWASD/HCWW/GOSD/AGOSD/

GovernoratesIndustrial: GOFI/facilities

Distribution/Reuse:Distribution/Reuse:MWRI

Page 9: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

The The LegislationLegislationss of of

Water Quality Water Quality

ManagementManagement

Page 10: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

There are numerous laws and There are numerous laws and rules prohibiting certain water rules prohibiting certain water use and abuse activities. use and abuse activities.

Yet enforcement remains weak.Yet enforcement remains weak.This is a principal institutional This is a principal institutional constraint to improved water constraint to improved water management.management.

Page 11: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

MWRI derives its legal mandate MWRI derives its legal mandate as the lead governmental body as the lead governmental body for the water sector from Law for the water sector from Law 12/1984 on Water Management 12/1984 on Water Management (primarily dealing with water (primarily dealing with water for agriculture) and Law for agriculture) and Law 48/1982 on Protection of the 48/1982 on Protection of the River Nile and its Waterways River Nile and its Waterways from Pollution. from Pollution.

Page 12: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Ministry of State for Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs and its Environmental Affairs and its subsidiary body the EEAA also subsidiary body the EEAA also exert considerable influence exert considerable influence over water quality management over water quality management through authorities vested through authorities vested through Law 4/1994 on through Law 4/1994 on Environmental Protection.Environmental Protection.

Page 13: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

The following are some of tThe following are some of the he pprincipal rincipal llaws aws ggoverning overning water water quality management in Egypt:quality management in Egypt:

Page 14: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

WaterWater Resources Resources Management:Management:

Law 12/1984 and its supplementary Law 213/1994

provide the basic legal structure for water quantity issues

Nature ProtectionNature Protection:: Law 102/1983 delineates nature

protection areas, forbids actions that lead to destruction of the

natural environment

WastewaterWastewater DischargesDischarges::

Law 93/1962 establishes the standards for

wastewater discharge into the sewerage systems

Water Resources Water Resources and Wastewaterand Wastewater Treatment:Treatment:

Law 27/1978 regulates public sources of drinking water

Environmental Environmental Protection:Protection:

Law 4/1994 authorizes use of incentives for managing the

environment & supports Law 48 on water resources management

NileNile Protection:Protection: Law 48/1982 regulates the

discharge of wastes & wastewater into the Nile & its

waterways and sets the standards of effluents quality

Page 15: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

The StakeholdersThe Stakeholders

Page 16: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

StakeholdersStakeholders

Page 17: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Ministerial Stakeholders: Ministerial Stakeholders: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation; (Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation; (MWRIMWRI))

Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation; (Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation; (MALRMALR))

Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs; (Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs; (MoSEAMoSEA))

Ministry of Health & Population; (Ministry of Health & Population; (MoHPMoHP))

Ministry of Trade & Industry; (Ministry of Trade & Industry; (MoTIMoTI))

Ministry of Housing, Utilities & Urban Development; Ministry of Housing, Utilities & Urban Development;

((MHUUDMHUUD))

Ministry of Higher Education & the State for Scientific Ministry of Higher Education & the State for Scientific

ResearchResearch

Ministry of Electricity & Energy; (Ministry of Electricity & Energy; (MEEMEE))

Ministry of TransportationMinistry of Transportation

Ministry of TourismMinistry of Tourism

Ministry of Interior; (Ministry of Interior; (MoIMoI))

Page 18: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Farmers (tenants/owners) and farmer Farmers (tenants/owners) and farmer

organizations, namely WUAs and Water organizations, namely WUAs and Water

Boards, participate in O&M of the Boards, participate in O&M of the

irrigation system at the mesqa and irrigation system at the mesqa and

secondary-canal levels. secondary-canal levels.

Private sector companies (contractors, Private sector companies (contractors,

suppliers and Egyptian and International suppliers and Egyptian and International

consultancy firms) carries out services consultancy firms) carries out services

via service contracts with the MWRI. via service contracts with the MWRI.

Page 19: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Public sector companies, or holding Public sector companies, or holding

companies, owned by the Government, companies, owned by the Government,

but operate as the private sector (e.g., but operate as the private sector (e.g.,

the two holding companies set up for the two holding companies set up for

the management of mega projects in the management of mega projects in

Southern Valley & West Delta and in Southern Valley & West Delta and in

North Sinai, and the WS&S holding North Sinai, and the WS&S holding

company, subsuming 14 subsidiary company, subsuming 14 subsidiary

companies nationwide). companies nationwide).

Page 20: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Several other holding companies owned Several other holding companies owned

by the MWRI and MALR for construction by the MWRI and MALR for construction

of irrigation systems, drilling of of irrigation systems, drilling of

groundwater wells, land reclamation, groundwater wells, land reclamation,

etc., and now being transferred to the etc., and now being transferred to the

ownership of investors and private-ownership of investors and private-

sector companies. sector companies.

Representatives from key industrial Representatives from key industrial

sectors disposing effluents (tanneries, sectors disposing effluents (tanneries,

textile, food, refineries, metal).textile, food, refineries, metal).

Page 21: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Non-ministerial Stakeholders: The NGOs form an integral part of local The NGOs form an integral part of local

communities’ development programs in communities’ development programs in the rural areas (e.g., Shorouq programs the rural areas (e.g., Shorouq programs overseen by MoLD). Their roles include overseen by MoLD). Their roles include

hygiene promotion and protection of the hygiene promotion and protection of the public health and the environment, public health and the environment, improved water supply intakes and improved water supply intakes and

sanitation conditions, manual channel sanitation conditions, manual channel maintenance, drinking water saving maintenance, drinking water saving campaigns, and public awareness. campaigns, and public awareness.

Page 22: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Non-ministerial Stakeholders: Environnemental NGOs, i.e. Wafaa Environnemental NGOs, i.e. Wafaa

El-Nil Association.El-Nil Association.

Farmer co-operatives.Farmer co-operatives.

Investors' associations.Investors' associations.

Women unions.Women unions.

Hospitals.Hospitals.

schools.schools.

Page 23: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

BasandeilaBasandeila

RegionRegion

Page 24: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Basandeila Region includes three Basandeila Region includes three Villages; Basandeila (the main Villages; Basandeila (the main village), Damallash and El village), Damallash and El Gawadia besides 16 small Gawadia besides 16 small villages.villages.Basandeila Basandeila Region reported a Region reported a population estimated at 45000 population estimated at 45000 inhabitants, of which 25000 inhabitants, of which 25000 inhabitants in Basandeila Village.inhabitants in Basandeila Village.

Page 25: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Basandeila Basandeila RegionRegion

Page 26: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

The total area of The total area of Basandeila Basandeila Region Region is estimated at 5739 acres.is estimated at 5739 acres.The cultivated area in this Region is The cultivated area in this Region is about 5524 acres, representing about 5524 acres, representing 96.3% of the total area. 96.3% of the total area. The total length of water canal The total length of water canal network that covers the Region network that covers the Region from Bahr Basandeila Canal is 12 from Bahr Basandeila Canal is 12 km.km.The length of drains network in this The length of drains network in this Region is estimated at 8 km.Region is estimated at 8 km.

Page 27: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Bahr Bahr

BasandeilaBasandeila

CanalCanal

Page 28: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Bahr Bahr Basandeila Basandeila Canal is the only Canal is the only water resource for water resource for Basandeila Basandeila Region, which receives its water Region, which receives its water from Bahr Shibin, from El Rayah from Bahr Shibin, from El Rayah El Abbassy Canal, from Damietta El Abbassy Canal, from Damietta Branch of the River Nile.Branch of the River Nile.

Bahr Basandeila Canal is located Bahr Basandeila Canal is located at the end of Bahr Shibin Canal. at the end of Bahr Shibin Canal.

Page 29: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Bahr Basandeila Canal irrigates a Bahr Basandeila Canal irrigates a cultivated area estimated at 60000 cultivated area estimated at 60000 acres in the Nile Delta.acres in the Nile Delta.

Bahr Basandeila Canal irrigates a Bahr Basandeila Canal irrigates a cultivated area estimated at 5524 cultivated area estimated at 5524 acres in Basandeila Region.acres in Basandeila Region.

Bahr Basandeila Canal irrigates a Bahr Basandeila Canal irrigates a cultivated area estimated at about cultivated area estimated at about 3000 acres in Basandeila Village.3000 acres in Basandeila Village.

Page 30: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Bahr Bahr Basandeila Basandeila

CanalCanal

Page 31: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Problem Problem AAnalysisnalysisProblem Problem AAnalysisnalysis

Page 32: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Symptoms of serious water Symptoms of serious water quality problems are manifasted quality problems are manifasted salinity of the Nile branches; salinity of the Nile branches; spreading of algae in surface spreading of algae in surface waters; rising concentrations of waters; rising concentrations of iron, managanses, and nitrates in iron, managanses, and nitrates in ground waters; and the presence ground waters; and the presence of micropollutants in some of micropollutants in some contaminated water suppliescontaminated water supplies. .

Page 33: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Large amounts of wastewater Large amounts of wastewater (domestic, industrial, and (domestic, industrial, and agricultural) are discharged to agricultural) are discharged to land, Bahr Shibin Canal (a third-land, Bahr Shibin Canal (a third-level canal), Bahr Basandeila level canal), Bahr Basandeila Canal (a fourth-level canal), Canal (a fourth-level canal), from from El Rayah El Abbassy Canal El Rayah El Abbassy Canal (a (a second-level canal) and at last second-level canal) and at last Damietta Branch of the River Nile,Damietta Branch of the River Nile, resulting in water quality resulting in water quality deteriorationdeterioration..

Page 34: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Problem TreeProblem Tree

Page 35: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Lack Participation of Local Residents &

NGOs

No Commitment Among Water Users to

implement Pollution Mitigation Measures

Insufficient Discussion between Stakeholders &

Beneficiaries

Poor Maintenance of the Nile Distribution Network

Lack of Funds

People Unaware of Environmental Impacts & Best Practices in the Use of Agro-chemicals

Poor Education

Overuse or Misuse of Chemical Fertilizers&

Pesticides

Insufficient Awareness Programs

Limited Financial Resources of Water & Wastewater Authorities

Low User Fees for Wastewater Treatment

Insufficient Wastewater Treatment Capacity

Lack of Proper Management of

Domestic Wastewater

Lack of Efficient Monitoring Systems

Insufficient Discharge

Permit System

The Enforcement of Legislation of Discharge Control is not Strict Enough

Uncontrolled Discharge of Polluting Effluents

from Industries

Discharge of Untreated or Partially-Treated

Industrial & Domestic Wastewater

Water Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila CanalWater Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila Canal

Groundwater Contamination

Increase of Serious Health & Quality of

Life Problems

Threats for Aquatic Ecosystem

Untreated Water Becomes Available

for Irrigation

Lower Income from Tourism due to

poor Water Quality

Loss of Biodiversity & Fisheries

Reduction of Agricultural Productivity

Low Fees for Industrial Effluent

Discharge

LegendCauses EffectsSharing Environmental

Valuing Socio-economicGoverning

Others

Page 36: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

CausesCausesCausesCauses

Page 37: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Insufficient Wastewater

Treatment Capacity

Lack of Proper Management of

Domestic Wastewater

The Enforcement of Legislation of Discharge Control is not Strict Enough

Discharge of Untreated or Partially-Treated Industrial

& Domestic Wastewater

Water Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila CanalWater Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila Canal

Low Fees for Industrial Effluent

Discharge

Limited Financial Resources of Water &

Wastewater Authorities

Low User Fees for Wastewater Treatment

Uncontrolled Discharge of Polluting Effluents

from Industries

Lack of Efficient Monitoring Systems

Insufficient Discharge Permit

System

LegendCauses

Valuing

Governing

Others

Page 38: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

LegendCauses

Governing

Others

Overuse or Misuse of Chemical Fertilizers&

Pesticides

Water Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila CanalWater Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila Canal

Insufficient Awareness Programs

People Unaware Enough of Environmental Impacts

& Best Practicesin the Use of Agro-chemicals

Poor Education

Page 39: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

LegendCauses

Governing

Others

Poor Maintenance of the Nile Distribution Network

Water Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila CanalWater Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila Canal

Lack of Funds

Page 40: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

LegendCauses

Sharing

Governing

No Commitment Among Water Users to implement Pollution

Mitigation Measures

Water Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila CanalWater Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila Canal

Insufficient Discussion between Stakeholders & Beneficiaries

Lack Participation of Local Residents & NGOs

Page 41: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

EffectsEffectsEffectsEffects

Page 42: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

LegendEffects

Environmental

Socio-economic

Others

Untreated Water

Becomes Available for

Irrigation

Increase of Serious Health &

Quality of Life Problems

Groundwater Contamination

Threats for Aquatic

Ecosystem

Lower Income from Tourism due to poor Water

Quality

Water Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila CanalWater Quality Degradation in Bahr Basandeila Canal

Loss of Biodiversity & Fisheries

Reduction of Agricultural Productivity

Page 43: The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007 The First INECO Stakeholder Workshop Mansoura, Egypt July, 21 st, 2007.

Thank You

for Your AttentionThank You

for Your Attention