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The Time Machine THE OLYMPIANS!
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The Time Machine

THE OLYMPIANS!

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THE HISTORY OF THE OLYMPICS

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Olympia, Greece

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Founder of the Olympic games

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CoroebusThe naked cook is the first Olympic champion in 776 BC

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Theodosius – 393 AD

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“On march 25, 1896, a sad rainy Wednesday morning, cannons were fired, doves released, and after a gap of 1503 years the Olympics were reborn. The dream of one man had become reality.”Coote, James

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THE OLYMPIC GAMES IN FILM

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Olympic Films

Olympia, 1936, directed by Leni Riefanstahl

Tokyo Olympiad, 1965, directed by Kon Ichikawa

Munich, 2005, directed by Steven Spielberg

Chariots of fire, 1981, directed by Hugh hudson

Cool Runnings, 1993, directed by Jon Turtelturb

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The Nazi Olympics‘Adolf Hitler’s failed attempt to prove his theories of Aryan superiority.’

(The Sports Book, 2007,pg 17).

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Super human beauty

Festival of Nations

Festival of Beauty

Two Parts:

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Paul Joseph Goebbles, Nazi Minister of Propaganda.

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Jesse Owens, winner of four gold medals at the 1936 Olympic games

...the personification of all that contradicted Hitler...

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‘But Leni Riefenstahl’s work is much more than a mere record of athletic achievement. It has become a worldwide symbol of the close bond

between art and sport.’ (Monique Berlioux, Director of the IOC, Leni Riefenstahl-

Olympia, 2002, Taschen, Koln, Germany, 3rd Edition)

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Equestrian injuries...

...the body isn’t always perfect and can be damaged...

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‘However, the question whether the Nazi’s put the film to use as propaganda is quite

different. The German government certainly would not have released ‘Olympia’ if it had not portrayed Germany in the way the Nazi

Party wished to be portrayed.’ (Robert C. Schneider and William F. Stier,

www.thesportsjournal.org/leni-riefenstahl-olympia-brilliant-cinematography-or-nazi-propaganda, Leni Riefenstahls ‘Olympia’:

Brillant Cinematography or Nazi Propaganda?, 2001 accessed 12/02/11)

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Politics during the Olympics

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Olympic games affected by political conflicts and wars. In the history of the

Olympics there have always been problems caused principally because of war, political and economic problems.

The Olympic games were affected between 1916 until 1952 because of the First and Second World Wars.

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Some of the most memorable olympics In the Olympic games

of 1920 in Antwerp (Belgium),those countries that were held responsible for World War I (for example Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, Austria, Turkey) were excluded from the games by the IOC.

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In 1936 the games, that are best remembered as the failed attempt by the Nazi’s to prove the theories of Aryan racial superiority. The hero of the games that year was an African-American, Jesse Owens. That Olympic games was also used as propaganda to get more power for the Second World War.

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Communist Vs Capitalist In the summer

Olympics of 1952 the Russian athletes (representing communist soviet union) participated to prove that they were a stronger nation than the capitalist US.

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The games of 1956 in Australia were missing the presence of many nations because the economic resources, they didn't have enough money to get there. Also some countries decided not to go in protest against the invasion of Soviet Union in Hungary.

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The games of 1968 in Mexico had many complaints affected by the amount of money spent in the games when the country had already serious economic problems causing many protests.

The massacre of Tlatelolco

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In the summer games in 1972 Palestinian terrorist broke into the Olympic village killing two members of the Israeli team and taking nine more hostage. It all ended with all nine hostages being killed, along with the five terrorist and a policeman. Because of this the games were stopped for 34 hours.

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In the games in Moscow in 1980 just 80 countries were represented and the United States led a boycott in protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

Then in the games of 1984 in Los Angeles a revenge boycott was lead by the Soviet Union, depleting the field in certain sports.

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OLYMPIC GAMES – A SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE

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Marxism in sport Commercialism and the Olympics –

World’s fairs (international showcases of industry and commerce) in Paris (1900) and St. Louis (1904).

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Racism – 1936 Berlin Olympics gypsies clear out, anti-Semitic propaganda. Also held the first torch relay.

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Post 9/11 American Might and Militarism.

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More dangerous sports have been introduced in order to boost ratings.

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The Televised games Up to 1996 the summer Olympic games televised rights

fees in the US have increased to 500 million USD.

Beijing Olympics televised rights were $1,737 million

NBC paid $897 million for the rights and expected to earn $1bn in advertising sales.

Keeping up with technology the Beijing games were the first to be covered entirely in high definition.

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http://www.terramedia.co.uk/media/change/olympic_games.htm

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Bibliography The Olympic Games – the first thousand years M.I Finley and H.W Pleket History of the Olympics – James Coote Chronicles of the Olympics – Dorling Kindersley Limited Images:

http://www.imdb.com/media/rm2282986752/tt0408306- Munich DVD case, unknown creator, 2005http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082158/ - Chariots of Fire DVD case, unknown creator, 1981http://www.pathfinderpictures.com/olympia.html - Olympia DVD case, unknown creator, 1938http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1205572/Hitler-shook-hands-black-1936-Olympic-hero-Jesse-Owens.html - Houlton- Deutsch Collection, Hitler watching the 1936 Olympic games , 1936. (From an article by Allan Hall, 2009, Did Hitler shake hands with black 1936 Olympic hero Jesse Owens?)http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_T3lg6p_ATmc/S6_FgkbEkEI/AAAAAAAAF0A/HjowNtBKv7E/s1600/goebbels1.jpg - Image of Paul Joseph Goebbles, Nazi minister of propaganda, unknown date and photographer.Film stills from ‘Olympia’, 1938, Leni Riefenstahl, [DVD] GermanysScanned images from Bach, Steven, Leni: The Life and Work of Leni Riefenstahl, 2007, Great Britain

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Online Journal:Mackenzie, Michael, From Athens to Berlin: The 1936 Olympics and Leni Riefenstahl’s Olympia, The university of Chicago Press, Vol 29, No. 2, Winter 2003

Websites:Robert C. Schneider and William F. Stier, www.thesportsjournal.org/leni-riefenstahl-olympia-brilliant-cinematography-or-nazi-propaganda, Leni Riefenstahls ‘Olympia’: Brillant Cinematography or Nazi Propaganda?, 2001 accessed 12/02/11Unknown Author, 2011, http://arts.guardian.co.uk/pictures/0,,1267862,00.html, accessed 12/02/11Unknown Author, 2009, http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=-81253131577121557#, accessed 12/02/11

Films:Olympia, (1938) Directed by Leni Riefenstahl [DVD] Germany

Books:Attwood, Philip, British Art Medals 1982-2002, Britsish Art Medal Trust, London, 2002Bach, Steven, Leni: The Life and Work of Leni Riefenstahl, 2007, Great BritainGirardi, Wolfgang, Olympic games, International Library, 1972, first edition, Great BritainRiefenstahl, Leni, Olympia, Taschen, Koln, Germany, 2002, 3rd editionSports Book, The, DK Publishing, New York, USA, 2007