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CHAPTER 27 THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II
17

THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II. Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations fails 2. Attempts at disarmament fails 3.

Dec 24, 2015

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Page 1: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

CHAPTER 27THE DEEPENING CRISIS:

WORLD WAR II

Page 2: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

PRELUDE TO WAR 1933-1939

Failure of collective security in the 1920’s1. League of Nations fails2. Attempts at disarmament fails3. Pacts and treaties fails

Page 3: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

POWER VACUUM IN EUROPE

1. Britain and France = anything to avoid war

2. Soviet Union = communist/outcast of Europe

3. United States = isolationism/ignore Europe

4. Eastern Europe = too weak/turn to authoritarianism

Page 4: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

THE ROLE OF HITLER

Hitler’s ideas based on – 1. ARYANS – the superior race2. LEBENSRAUM – living space in

East 3. Power depends on amount of

land4. Slavic peoples inferior, to be

used as slaves5. Conquest of Eastern Europe

and Russia6. Belief that only he could

create the Aryan racial empire – THE THOUSAND YEARS REICH

7. Impatience – had to be done immediately

Page 5: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

THE “DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTION” (1933-1936)

Hitler’s plan –Ignore/scrap the Treaty of Versailles

Restore Germany’s strength

Rebuild the military

Prepare for war and conquest

Pose as a man of peace who only wants fairness for Germany

Page 6: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

EVENTS 1933-1936

Oct. 1933 – Hitler w/draws from League of Nations Oct. 1935 – Mussolini invades Ethiopia March 1935 – Hitler announces German military

rearmament Oct. 1936 – Hitler and Mussolini form Rome-Berlin

Axis Hitler and Mussolini support Franco in

Spanish Civil War Nov. 1936 – Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

formed March 1936 – Hitler reoccupies the

Rhineland

Page 7: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

WHY THE WESTERN DEMOCRACIES DID NOTHING

1. Fear of another war/memories of WWI2. Focus on domestic problems the Great

Depression3. Cutbacks in military spending4. Nazi Germany would provide protection

against Soviet communism5. Belief that Hitler was reasonable and

peaceful6. APPEASEMENT

Page 8: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

APPEASEMENT

Give Hitler what he wants and there will be peace and stability in Europe

NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN

1. PM of England in 1930’s

2. Main advocate of appeasement

Page 9: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

THE PATH TO WAR

Austria – Mar. 1938

The Czech Crisis – Sept. 1938

Danzig and the Polish Corridor – Summer 1939

Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact – Aug. 1939

Germany invades Poland – Sept. 1, 1939

WW II begins

Page 10: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

AUSTRIA

THE ANSCHLUSS = THE NAZI TAKEOVER OF AUSTRIA

GERMAN TROOPS MARCH INTO AUSTRIA MARCH 12, 1938.

Hitler threatens the Austrians

March 1938 – the government “invites Hitler to send in an army

Hitler announces he will annex Austria

Britain and France do nothing

Page 11: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

THE CZECH CRISIS

The SUDETENLAND = area of Northwest Czechoslovakia w/large # of ethnic Germans

Sept. 1938 – Hitler demands Sudetenland be allowed to leave Czechoslovakia and join Germany

Hitler threatens war to achieve This leads to the MUNICH CONFERENCE

Page 12: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA - Czech territories with 50% or more German population before 1945

Page 13: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

THE FAILURE OF APPEASEMENT

The following is the wording of the statement that Neville Chamberlain waved when he stepped off the plane after the conference in Berlin had ended on 30 September, 1938.

"We, the German Führer and Chancellor, and the British Prime Minister, have had a further meeting today and are agreed in recognizing that the question of Anglo-German relations is of the first importance for two countries and for Europe. "We regard the agreement signed last night and the Anglo-German Naval Agreement as symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again. "We are resolved that the method of consultation shall be the method adopted to deal with any other questions that may concern our two countries, and we are determined to continue our efforts to remove possible sources of difference, and thus to contribute to assure the peace of Europe."

Chamberlain read this statement to a cheering crowd in front of 10 Downing St. and said;

"My good friends this is the second time in our history that there has come back from Germany to Downing Street peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time."

Page 14: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

THE MUNICH CONFERENCE

The Czech crisis leads to the Munich conference in Sept. 1938

1. Hitler gets what he wants 2. War is avoided3. Chamberlain says “peace

for our time”4. Munich shows Hitler how

weak Britain and France are

5. Hitler secretly plans to take all Czech lands

Page 15: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

POLAND

Hitler demands the return of the German city of Danzig in Poland

Hitler demand a “land corridor” to give Germany access to Danzig

Britain signs a security treaty with Poland Hitler prepares to invade Poland To prevent a 2 front war Hitler signs a

nonaggression treaty with Stalin

Page 16: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.

NAZI-SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT AUG. 1939

1. The Ribbentrop-Molotov treaty

2. Germany and Soviet Union agree not to fight

3. They secretly agree to divide up Poland

4. This gives Hitler the green light to invade Poland

Page 17: THE DEEPENING CRISIS: WORLD WAR II.  Failure of collective security in the 1920’s 1. League of Nations  fails 2. Attempts at disarmament  fails 3.