The Crisis Deepens Setting the Scene Chapter 16 section 3 Pg.468.

The Crisis DeepensSetting the Scene

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.468

The Crisis Deepens

Setting the Scene

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.468

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.468The Crisis DeepensKansas-Nebraska Act

Proposed by

Stephen A.

Douglas from Illinois

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.468The Crisis DeepensKansas-Nebraska Act

Franklin Pierce Winfield Scott

vs.

Lewis Cass James Buchanan William Marcy Stephen Douglas All tried to get the nomination for the DEMOCRATS

Democrats Whigs

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.468The Crisis DeepensThe Election of 1852

Franklin

Pierce

Winfield Scott

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.468The Crisis DeepensThe Election of 1852

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.469The Crisis DeepensKansas-Nebraska ActSupport for the Act

Franklin Pierce won the election of 1852 and became the 14th President of the United States. With President Pierce’s support, the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed through Congress.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.469The Crisis DeepensSupport for the Act

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.469The Crisis DeepensKansas-Nebraska Act

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.469The Crisis DeepensKansas-Nebraska ActNorthern Outrage

MissouriCompromise

of 1820

Northerners felt that the issue of slavery in this territory (the Louisiana Purchase Territory) was already decided by the Missouri Compromise and it was decided that these lands would be free from slavery.

To protest the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, anti-slavery northerners openly challenged the Fugitive Slave Act.

KANSAS-NEBRASKA

ACTRepealed or overrode

the Missouri Compromise of 1820

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.468The Crisis DeepensKansas-Nebraska ActNorthern Outrage

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.469-470

The Crisis DeepensThe Crisis Turns Violent

Both groups, anti-slavery northerners and pro-slavery southerners began to move into the Kansas Territory hoping that it would become either free or slave when it joined the Union.

Stephen Douglas - sponsor and supporter of the Kansas-

Nebraska Act

I hope that now settlers can

peacefully decide on the issue of slavery.

Chapter 16

section 3

The Crisis DeepensThe Crisis Turns Violent

Pg.469-470

“Border Ruffians”Pro-slavery “gangs” rode into Kansas from across the border of nearby Missouri to harass, pick fights with, and hopefully scare anti-slavery families out of Kansas.

Chapter 16

section 3

The Crisis DeepensThe Crisis Turns Violent

Pg.469-470

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Crisis Turns Violent

Two Governments

Two Governments in KansasKansas held an election in 1855 to set up a government for the territory so it could become a state.

During the election, hundreds of “Border Ruffians” from Missouri came to Kansas and voted illegally in the election allowing a pro-slavery government to be elected.

The pro-slavery government passed two laws right away: One saying people could be put to death for helping slaves escape and a second making speaking out against slavery a crime.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Crisis Turns Violent

Two Governments

Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Crisis Turns Violent

Two Governments in Kansas

Anti-slavery settlers who claimed the election was corrupt refused to accept the laws and elected their own government.

The two opposing governments both claimed to be in charge of Kansas. This led to violence.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Crisis Turns Violent

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Crisis Turns Violent

“Bleeding Kansas”

John Brown, his 4 sons, and two other men rode to the town of Pottawatomie Creek and took revenge against pro-slavery settlers by dragging 5 of them from their beds while they were sleeping and murdering them.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Crisis Turns Violent

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Crisis Turns Violent

“Bleeding Kansas”

The violence became even worse after the contested elections held in 1855. Again, pro-slavery ruffians were coming across the border. In 1856, they raided the town of Lawrence, Kansas and destroyed homes and smashed the printing-press of the a Free-Soil newspaper.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Violence in the SenateChapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Violence in the SenateChapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Violence in the Senate

Senator Charles Sumner (an abolistionist) spoke out against slavery and harshly criticized Senator Andrew Butler. A few days later, Andrew Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston Brooks, marched into the Senate and beat Sumner with a heavy cane.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

Violence in the Senate

Southerners sent canes to Preston Brooks showing their support for what he did.

Northerners were outraged at the act and said that this was evidence that slavery led to violence in America.

Preston Brooks was forced to resign from the House of Representatives but was later re-elected to office before dying at age 37.

Charles Sumner slowly recovered and returned to the Senate to serve for a total of 18 years.

Further dividing the nation

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.470

The Dred Scott CaseChapter 16

section 3

Pg.471

The Dred Scott Case

•Dred Scott was a slave owned by Dr. John Emerson.

•He was enslaved in Missouri for many years.

•His owner moved to Illinois and took Dred Scott with him. (Illinois was a free state.)

•His owner then took Dred Scott with him to the Wisconsin territory where slavery was also not allowed.

•Before his death, Dred Scott’s owner took him back to Missouri (a slave state).

Dred Scott

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.471

The Dred Scott Case

•After Dr. Emerson’s death, Dred Scott and his wife Harriet with the help of anti-slavery lawyers filed a lawsuit claming that they were free because they had been taken into states where slavery was illegal.

Dred Scott and his wife Harriet Scott

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.471

The Dred Scott CaseChapter 16

section 3

Pg.471

The Supreme Court decided:

•Dred Scott could not file a lawsuit because he was a slave, not a citizen and had no access to the courts.

•Slaves were property and just like any other property, just taking it into a free state does not mean it is no longer your property.

•Congress does not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory (since it’s not a power given in the Constitution).

U.S. Supreme Court Case

Dred Scott v. Sanford* Sanford was the lawyer for Mrs.

Emerson (Dr. Emerson’s wife) who felt she still owned the Scotts

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney Dred Scott

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.471The Crisis DeepensThe Dred Scott Case

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.472The Crisis DeepensThe Dred Scott CaseThe Nation Reacts

Northerners were shocked and angry. They hoped that the decision would have more whites join the abolitionist movement.

Southerners were happy since this is what they had been saying all along.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.472The Crisis DeepensThe Dred Scott CaseThe Nation Reacts

The Crisis DeepensThe Dred Scott CaseThe Nation Reacts

Fredrick DouglasFormer Slave &

Abolitionist

This infamous decision maintains that slaves … are property in the same sense that horses, sheep,

and swine are property …that [people] of African descent are not and cannot be citizens

of the United States.

All I ask of the American people is thatthey live up to the Constitution, adopt its

principles, [take in] its spirit, and enforce its provisions. When this is done…liberty…willbecome the inheritance of all the inhabitants

of this highly favored country.

Chapter 16

section 3

Pg.472