The Coming of War Sectional strife and Politics. Missouri Compromise Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a.

The Coming of War

Sectional strife and

Politics

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state.

Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819)

Indiana (1816) Mississippi (1817)

Ohio (1803) Louisiana (1812)

Vermont (1791) Tennessee (1796)

Rhode Island Kentucky (1792)

New York Virginia

New Hampshire North Carolina

Massachusetts South Carolina

Connecticut Maryland

New Jersey Georgia

Pennsylvania Delaware

Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)

Free States Slave States

Original 13 States

Maine (1820) Missouri (1821)

• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N.• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.

Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

Sectional Differences

The South vs North

Sectional Differences

• North• Orig. settled for

religious purpose (puritans)

• Factories and small family farms with livestock

• Social structure- more educated and more or less equal

• South• Settled by farmers

and set up for trade• Agrarian. Many huge

plantations with crops• Slave based

aristocratic based society

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”

[plantation owners][plantation owners]““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”

[plantation owners][plantation owners]

The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”

[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]

6,000,0006,000,000

Black FreemenBlack FreemenBlack FreemenBlack Freemen

Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,0003,200,000

Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,0003,200,000

250,000250,000

Total US Population Total US Population 23,000,000 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%][9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

Southern Southern AgricultureAgricultureSouthern Southern

AgricultureAgriculture

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US ExportsValue of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports

Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction

Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction

18201820

18601860

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi on a Mississippi

PlantationPlantation

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi on a Mississippi

PlantationPlantation

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling in a Sugar-Boiling

House, 1823House, 1823

Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling in a Sugar-Boiling

House, 1823House, 1823

Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823

Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823

Slave Auction: Slave Auction: Charleston, Charleston, SC-1856SC-1856

Slave Auction: Slave Auction: Charleston, Charleston, SC-1856SC-1856

Slave MasterBrands

Slave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave AccoutrementsSlave Accoutrements

Slave muzzle

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda

Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda

Slave debate continues

• South vs. North

• New land, same debate

• Big Problem= Runaways

• Constitutional Arguments

• Should slavery expand west?

ART.4 SEC. 2• Section 2 - State citizens, Extradition• The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and

Immunities of Citizens in the several States.• A Person charged in any State with treason, Felony, or other Crime,

who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

• (No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, But shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.)

• (This clause in parentheses is superseded by the 13th Amendment)

* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to decide on the slavery issue

Compromise of 1850

I. California became a free state.

II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).

III. The slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.

IV. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.

Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000

copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

New Parties

•Northern Whigs

•Free-Soilers

•Anti Slavery Democrats

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

•Nativists

•Anti-Immigrant

•Anti-Catholic

•And…

…listened to Justin Biber!

1856 Presidential Election

1856 Presidential Election

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know- Nothing

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know- Nothing

Do You Know

something?

I Know

Nothing!

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

Do Now: Read the following quote by Abraham Lincoln.

“‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease too be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it…or its (supporters) will push it forward till it shall become…lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South.”

What point is Lincoln making about the future faced by the United States?

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

1860Preside

ntialElectio

n

1860Preside

ntialElectio

n

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

AAUGH!