The Civil War Ms. Adams
Jan 20, 2016
The Civil WarMs. Adams
Timeline of Civil War
• http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1861.html
• http://www.mce.k12tn.net/civil_war/timeline_of_the_american_civil_w.htm
What you have to know for the test…
• Antietam• Emancipation Proclamation• Gettysburg• Union Blockade of Georgia’s coast• Chickamauga• Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign• Sherman’s March to Sea• Andersonville
Worst Civil War BattlesAntietam was the bloodiest one-day battle of the
Civil War. But there were other battles, lasting more than one day, in which more men fell.
Antietam • On September 17, 1862,
at Antietam Creek, Maryland
• The single bloodiest day of the Civil War – and also in all of American history.
• Over 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers (nine times the number who fell on the beaches of Normandy) were killed or wounded.
• Neither side emerged as the decisive victor but Union claimed it because the Confederates retreated.
Results of Antietam
1. Emancipation Proclamation: Following the slight defeat, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation told the nation that if the south stopped fighting they could keep the slaves. It promised that if they did not stop fighting, the Union would win and the slaves would be freed.
2. Other countries decide not to get involved. Seeing how close the battle was – neither France nor England decided to get involved – avoiding a conflict of untold proportions.
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln issued the proclamation Jan. 1, 1863. It was a technical document, granting freedom to all slaves in all areas of the Confederacy still in rebellion. The proclamation did not pertain to slaves in the border states, but it did allow for the popular use of African-Americans in the Union Army and Navy. The proclamation also made the war a crusade against slavery, meaning that England and France, both morally opposed to slavery, could not in good conscience ally themselves with the Confederacy.
• http://bensguide.gpo.gov/3-5/documents/proclamation/index.html
Gettysburg
• July 1-3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania• Bloodiest battle of the Civil War
• The battle was fought in the summer of 1863 when Union and Confederate forces met accidentally at Gettysburg, a town in southern Pennsylvania. From July 1 to 3, Union General George Meade (1815–1872) led about 90,000 troops to defeat 75,000 advancing Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee (1807–1870). The Union victory effectively stopped Lee's invasion of the North.
• http://americancivilwar.com/kids_zone/gettysburg_battle.html
Results of Gettysburg• The Battle of Gettysburg marked a
turning point in the American Civil War. This Confederate defeat would signify that they would soon lose the war. Confederate forces retreat to the south.
• On November 19, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) made his historical address at Gettysburg, during the dedication of part of the battlefield as a national cemetery. Lincoln began with the now-famous words "Four score and...
• Lincoln fires Meade for not keeping the Confederates out in the first place.
Union Blockade Of Georgia’s Coast
Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South
Fort Pulaski
• http://www.cherokeerose.com/
Union Ironclads
Blockade Runners
Chickamauga• September 18 – 20, 1863• Second most deadly battle of the Civil War• Following the defeat at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania to
the north and Vicksburg, Mississippi to the west, the Confederacy was forced to retreat to the south. The Union followed eventually taking the city of Chattanooga. Chattanooga was a major railroad center for the Confederacy.
• The Union General William S. Rosencrans decided to chase the defeated Confederate troops down into Georgia.
• On Sept. 19-20, Union General Rosecrans led his troops against Confederate General Bragg seven miles south of Chattanooga at Chickamauga Creek. Bragg’s army defeated the Union forces and forced the Union Army back into Tennessee.
Result of Chickamauga
• It was a Confederate victory
• It gave the Confederacy a brief morale boost – but a false one.
• It also gave the Union a chance to regroup, add reinforcements and strategies.
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
• The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles fought in northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864, leading to the eventual fall of Atlanta.
• General William Tecumseh Sherman left Chattanooga with 112,000 men and began a campaign towards Atlanta. He faced General Joseph E. Johnston, who replaced Bragg. Johnson only had 60,000 troops to hold Sherman back.
http://americancivilwar.com
• Click on State Battle Maps• Click on Georgia
Sherman’s Bowties
• During Sherman's destruction of Atlanta, many rail lines were wrapped about trees in order to render the rail lines useless to the confederacy. To accomplish this, the rails were ripped up, placed on a great bonfire, heated until they were red hot, and then wrapped around a tree. It was the appearance of these rails wrapped around a tree that gave birth to the term "Sherman's Bowties."
Results of the Atlanta Campaign
• Atlanta was an important rail and commercial center of the Confederacy though the population was relatively small.
• Sherman’s victory greatly increased the Union’s moral.
• This was a VERY important factor in the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln.
• The fall of Atlanta eventually led to the surrender of the Confederacy.
Sherman’s March to the Sea• Sherman's March to Sea was
the Civil War’s most destructive campaign against a civilian population.
• It began in Atlanta on November 15, 1864 and concluded in Savannah on December 21.
• Sherman completely abandoned his supplies, telling his men to live off the earth to prove to the Confederates that their government could not protect them people from invaders.
• It was psychological warfare and so devastating that parts of the South did not recover until the New Deal in the 1930s.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman stayed in Atlanta for several weeks following its fall on Sept. 2, 1864.
• During this time he studied the most current census records to determine which portion of Georgia would provide the most supplies and food for his men.
• Sherman divided his men into 2 wings and drove south.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman’s men carried no food – they were told to move fast and live off the land.
• The wings stayed 20 – 40 miles apart, and despite being told not to do so by Sherman, often vandalized homes and stole valuables.
• They were met with some resistance at Macon and Augusta – but not enough to slow them considerably.
• Confederate Lieutenant Hardee told his men to abandon Savannah and retreat to South Carolina so that the city would not be torn apart at Atlanta had been.
Surrender of Savannah
• Savannah was surrendered by the mayor on Dec. 21, 1864.
• Sherman telegraphed Lincoln the next day offering Savannah and 25,000 bales of cotton to the president for Christmas.
Results of Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman’s men destroyed all sources of food and forage.
• They destroyed everything – especially places where they met resistance.
• He left Georgians starving, demoralized, with the belief that the Confederacy – that they had once believed could protect them, was weakened and destroyed.
• This broke the Confederacy’s will to fight.
Andersonville Prison(American Auschwitz)
• About 10 miles from Americus, Georgia, you will find the site of one of the great tragedies of the Civil War. Today it is a National
Historic Park Service. During the war, it was the home of the Andersonville Prison, a name that came to be associated with
horror and death.
• On February 24, 1864 in Americus, Georgia the Andersonville Prison was opened. The construction
of the prison began in December of 1863. Six-hundred prisoners from Richmond, Virginia arrived on February 24, 1864. the prisoners were originally only to be held until they could be exchanged for
other prisoners. The camp became over populated very quickly and disease and death spread through out the prison. Andersonville got overcrowded very
quickly and they kept bring prisoners at Andersonville 12,912 died during the fourteen months of operation. Prisoners died at a rate of
100 people per day. The Confederate Government was unable to provide housing, food, shelter,
clothing, and medical care for all the prisoners. the prison was only made to hold about 10,000
prisoners but it got very crowded and ended up with as many as 45,613 prisoners.
• After the prison site was selected, Captain Richard B. Winder was sent to Andersonville to construct a prison. Arriving in late December of 1863, Captain Winder designed the prison that encircle roughly 16.5 acres which he felt was large enough to hold 10,000 prisoners. The prison was to be rectangular in shape with a small creek flowing roughly through the center of the compound. The prison was given the name Camp Sumter. It was intended as a place where prisoners could be watched by a few amount of soldiers at a time.
• Over 45,000 Union soldiers went to Andersonville during the 14 months that it was in existence. Of these, 12,912 died from disease, overcrowding, or exposure. They were buried shoulder to shoulder in trenches near the prison.