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The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …
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The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

The Bronze Age

Meanwhile In Greece …

Page 2: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

BackgroundBegan to coalesce into a heterogynous but

identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776 B.C.).

Backstory is important to understanding themMinoan PeriodMycenaean PeriodDark Ages

Page 3: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Minoan Period

Page 4: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Palatial PeriodsPrepalatial Period (3200-2000 bc)Protopalatial (2000-1720 bc) – palaces

destroyed by earthquakes about 1720ishNeopalatial (1720-1550 bc) Final Palatial Period (1550-1350 bc) -

Mycenaeans take over

Page 5: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Minoan (?)Sir Arthur Evans responsible for much of

what we know about the Minoans (about 1900)

Name is recent descriptive termKing MinosCity of KnossosMinotaur

Known by the Egyptions as the KafteoKnown by the people is Western Semitic

lands as the Kaftor or Kaftoreans

Page 6: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

King MinosThe legendWhere does such a story come form

Mixture of history and mythDominated Greek islands, Mycenae and required

tribute (Thucydides says Minos first king to have a navy)

PalacesFunctioned as storehouse as well as home for

rulerRubble from the palaces looked like labyrinth

Page 7: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.
Page 8: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Arthur Evans Reconstruction as an analogy for how we do historyPalaceDolphin FrescoGriffin flanking throneDuplication of snake goddess figures

Page 9: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

How Advanced?Indoor plumbingGlass windowsSkilled artistsWriting – Linear A

Page 10: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Traded throughout MediterraneanPottery jars from Minos found in Egypt and

in the Western Semitic territoryAlabaster jar lid in Knossos marked with

name of third Hyksos kingHyksos palace in Avaris includes a fresco of

the Minoan styleGilgamesh’ fight with Bull of Heaven may

reflect Minoan influence in Mesopotamia

Page 11: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Religion – Sacred Bulls (Apis)

Page 12: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Religion – Human SacrificeStory of Minotaur eating 14 victimsSacrificial site at Knossos includes human

sacrifice and indicates ritual feasting on the dead

Probably rare – maybe related to Earthquakes suffered by island and attempts to appease Poseidon/Earthshaker

Page 13: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Religion – Snake Goddesses

Page 14: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Sacred War Axe

Page 15: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Why Did Minoan Civilization Fade?Possible Answers

VolcanoEarthquakeMyth of Theseus and the Minotaur points to

the animosity between Mycenae and Knossos

Page 16: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Mycenae (1700-1200 BC)Immigrated from the NorthMycenae gives its name to the civilizationBy 1500, Tribute and culture flowed from

Mycenae to Knossos

Page 17: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Heinrich SchliemannSelf-financed / self-style archaeologistWhere is ancient MycenaeLooking for grave of Agamemnon discovers

the shaft grave inside the lions gate.

Page 18: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

The Lion’s Gate

Page 19: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

“I have gazed on the face of Agamemnon…”

Page 20: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Commerce & TradeStrong naval power with much sea tradeSunken ship found with merchandise from

no less than seven countries; Egypt, Canaan, Asia Minor, Italy, Cyprus,Baltic,etc.

Linear B used primarily for accounting purposes but it mentions the gods.Decoded by Michael Ventris a WWII

codebreakerEarlier form of Greek

Page 21: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

ReligionSnake goddesses (with bodice closed)Worship of the Greek gods (Zeus, Hera,

Athena, Poseidon, etc.) goes back to the second millennium BC on the mainland.

Page 22: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Time of prosperity, until …

Page 23: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Greek Dark AgesCirca 1200-800 bc.Cities abandonedWriting ceasesArt and culture fade awaySophisticated architecture disappearsTrade with foreign nations stops

Vanish from records of other nations

Page 24: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Why Dark Ages?Possible Answers

EarthquakesFamine and PlagueThe Sea Peoples Invasion of the Dorians

thick fortified walls around palacesArt depicts them fighting barbaric peoples, chariots,

armamentTrojan WarAll of the above

Page 25: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Trojan WarAbout 1250 BCPrimary sources

Homer’s Iliad - OdysseyVirgil’s Aeneid

10 Year Siege(compare with Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan)

Page 26: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

Was there a Trojan WarHeinrich SchliemannCalvert – American vice-consulNine layered cities

Page 27: The Bronze Age Meanwhile In Greece …. Background Began to coalesce into a heterogynous but identifiable people about the time of the first Olympics (776.

“The Greeks raise a mighty army because of a woman . . . And then invaded Asia and destroyed Priam and his forces. Ever since then, the Persians have regarded the Greeks as their enemies…. They date their hostilities towards Greece from the fall of Ilium.” (Herodotus)