The artificially prepared heart

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ARTIFICIAL HEARTPresented By

D. NAVEEN KUMARHall Ticket NO: 256611881024

Under the Guidance ofMR. CH. MADHAV REDDY M.PHARMACY

(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

Omega College Of Pharmacy,(Approved by P.C.I , AICTE ,New Delhi & affiliated to – O.U, Hyderabad)

Edulabad (V), Ghatkesar (M), R.R(D), Telangana state

OMEGA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HEART CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE SYMPTOMS OF HEART FAILURE ARTIFICIAL HEART FUNCTION TYPES DO WE NEED IT ? HOW LONG DOES IT WORK? COMPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES FUTURE CONCLUSION REFERENCES


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INTRODUCTION


A Heart is an organ which pumps the blood around your body.

An Artificial Heart is a prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological heart.

It is different from a heart bypass machine, which is an external device (a Cardio Pulmonary Bypass - CPB).

A CPB is only suitable for few hours, while artificial hearts have been used for a period of years.

The artificial heart was first transplanted to Robert Tools, on July 2, 2001, at Jewish Hospital in Louisville.

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DESCRIPTION OF HEART: Heart has four chambers: The left and right atria (blood receiving chambers). The left and right ventricles (the blood pumping

chambers). Blood from the right ventricle (right chamber) is pumped

through the pulmonary artery to lungs(Impure blood). Blood from the left ventricle (left chamber) is pumped

through the aorta to all over the body(Pure Blood).


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CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE: High blood pressure Coronary heart diseases (CHD) Heart muscle weakness Heart rhythm disturbance Anemia Over active thyroid gland Heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) Damaged heart valves Myocarditis Hole in the heart.


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SYMPTOMS OF HEART FAILURE: Shortness of breath when you exert yourself or when you

lie down. Fatigue and weakness. Chest pain, if your heart failure is caused by heart attack. Lack of appetite and nausea. Sudden weight gain from fluid retention. Swelling of your abdomen (ascites). Increased need to urinate at night. Swelling (edema) in our legs, ankles and feet. Rapid or irregular heart beat.


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ARTIFICIAL HEART

An artificial heart is a mechanical device, about the size of an

orange, that is implanted into our chest to replace a failed

heart.

Artificial heart helps us to recover completely.

When no other options are available, an artificial heart is

replace with our heart.


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ARTIFICIAL HEART AND NORMAL HEART


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TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL HEART: There are two types of artificial heart. They are 1) Ventricular assist device (VAD) Ventricular assist device is divided in three

types. They are: a) LVAD b) RVAD c) BIVAD 2) Total artificial hearts (TAH)


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1) VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE (VAD): A VAD is made from metal and plastic, and has a small

pumping chamber lined by a special material that stops formation of blood clots.

It can be placed into our body or lie outside the body, depending on what type of artificial heart is being used.

A VAD may be connected in various ways depending on its need to support the left side of heart or the right side of heart or both sides of heart.


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TYPES OF VAD:a) LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE(LVAD):

LVAD is attached to the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood is received into the device from the left ventricle (LV) and is pumped into the aorta.

b) RIGHT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE(RVAD): RVAD is attached to the right atrium and pulmonary artery. Blood is received into the device from the right atrium (RA) and is pumped into the pulmonary artery (PA).

c) BIVENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE: BIVAD is attached in both of the above ways. This is a combination of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and a right ventricular assist device (RVAD).


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a) LVAD b) RVAD c) BIVAD

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2) TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART(TAH): Total artificial hearts (TAH) are a mechanical substitute

for our entire heart. They are placed into our body after our heart has been removed.

The artificial heart to be used clinically was the Liotta total artificial heart, which was implanted in 1969 to a patient who was bridged for 48 hours to a heart transplant.


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WORKING OF TAH:


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DO WE NEED ARTIFICIAL HEART ?

If we have severe heart failure and our heart can’t pump enough blood around our body to keep it working, you may need an artificial heart.

If there is severe heart failure, cardiologist might recommend the use of an artificial heart until a donor heart is available for transplant.

Between 20 and 30 people are given artificial hearts each year in Australia.

In India, first heart transplant was done on December 6-2012 in hospital at Chennai. LVAD heart transplant was done for 58-year old heart patient which was successful.


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HOW LONG DOES AN ARTIFICIAL HEART LAST ? If you are just using an artificial heart until you have a

heart transplant, your artificial heart will usually function until you have the transplant. This can range from a few weeks to more than one year.

If you need a total artificial heart permanently because you are not suitable for a heart transplant, an artificial heart may last for several years.


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COMPLICATIONS Artificial heart is very reliable and mechanical failure which

is extremely rare.

If we have an artificial heart it may lead to bleeding and infection.

Major organs such as the kidneys, liver or lungs may also fail after receiving the artificial heart.

Everyone who has an artificial heart must take medicine to thin their blood (anticoagulants).


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ADVANTAGES Easily available. No need for immunosuppressant drugs (stops heart from

being rejected). Are kept alive for longer time for a heart donor. Prolong life if a transplant is no longer an option.


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DISADVANTAGES The electric motor can break down. Major surgery is still needed. Possible infections. Need to take blood thinner drugs. Stroke or bleeding.


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FUTURE Longer the lifespan of heart valves. Less risk of blood clots in mechanical heart valves. Lower rejection rate. Remove the need for blood thinning medication. Scientist are looking more into polymer materials for

heart valves because it’s easy to fabricate, has a large range of polymer properties and durability.

Coating to reduce the chance of infection and improve healing.


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CONCLUSION The artificial heart is useful in present and in the future

generation for cardiac patients. It keeps the patient alive for some period of time until the heart transplantation is done and the artificial heart can be implanted in patient permanently or temporarily.

Artificial heart increases the lifespan of the human beings and keeps them healthy.


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REFERENCES1. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, December 2012,

Vol 73, No 12, pg no: 634-639.2. WILLIAM S. PIERCE, M.D, JOURNAL, Circulation 68,

No. 4,1983, Pg no: 883-888.3. Stephenson, Larry W, et al. "The Michigan Heart: The

World's First Successful Open Heart Operation?" Journal of Cardiac Surgery ,vol-17.3 (2002): 238–246.

4. Sandeep Jauhar: The Artificial Heart. New England Journal of Medicine (2004): 542–544.


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The artificially prepared heart

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