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The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution 1776-1790
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The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Feb 24, 2016

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The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. 1776-1790. State Constitutions. State constitutions shared many similarities. Weak executive and judicial branches (Why?) Stronger legislative branches Contract between the people and their government. R epresented fundamental laws . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

The Articles of Confederation and

the Constitution1776-1790

Page 2: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

State constitutions shared many

similarities. Weak executive and judicial branches

(Why?) Stronger legislative branches

Contract between the people and their government.

Represented fundamental laws. States moved capitals westward. Why?

State Constitutions

Page 3: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Adopted in 1777 by 2nd

Continental Congress, not ratified (approved) by all thirteen states until 1781.

Issues with ratification: Land-hungry states

would have to raise taxes while land-rich states could sell land to pay debts.

Articles of Confederation 1777

Page 4: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Loose bond between the thirteen states for the

purpose of common issues (foreign affairs). No executive branch, judicial branch left up to the

states, weak legislative branch. 1 state-1 vote (why would this make VA angry?) All states had to agree to amend the Articles Silver lining: Because it was so weak and difficult

to amend, it was scrapped altogether and replaced by the current Constitution.

“Articles of Confusion”

Page 5: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

1. Could not regulate commerce

Different states with different tariffs Some placed duties on other states! Ex: NY

taxed firewood imported from Connecticut

2. Could not enforce tax collection Each state would voluntarily pay taxes. Only received ¼ of funds

2 Biggest Issues

Page 6: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Old Northwest

territory north of the Ohio River.

Land surveyed and sold to pay off national debt.

Much more orderly than land south of the Ohio River.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Page 7: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Colonies or states? First, these areas would

be subordinate to the federal government.

After reaching 60,000 citizens, they could become a state.

No slavery permitted. Model for the future…

Northwest Ordinance 1787

Page 8: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Daniel Shay and other American Revolutionary

Veterans living in the Massachusetts back country were losing farms to the bank.

Wanted lighter taxes and to temporarily suspend property takeovers.

Followers gathered muskets, but were put down by a privately funded (by the wealthy) army.

“mobocracy” Why is this significant?

Shay’s Rebellion

Page 9: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Congress agreed to allow the convention

to meet “for the sole purpose of… revising” the Articles of Confederation.

55 representatives from 12 states. Rhode Island was an independent party

pooper, as usual. Sessions held in secret without many

revolutionary leaders. George Washington was chairman. Ben

Franklin, James Madison (“Father of the Constitution”) and Alexander Hamilton were all there.

1787 Convention: Philadelphia, Penn

Page 10: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Preserve and strengthen the “young republic” Strong executive figure who could control

tariffs and military. Preserve the union from “mobocracy” (Ex:

Shay’s Rebellion)

Goals for the Constitution

Page 11: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution
Page 12: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

1. President was not elected by popular vote,

but by the Electoral College.2. Senators were chosen by state legislatures,

not by the people. 3. Judges could be appointed for life.

Limits on Direct Democracy: The ghost of

Daniel Shays

Page 13: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution
Page 14: The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

-Usually lived in coastal regions-Wealthier-Wanted a strong central government-Ben Franklin, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

Fede

ralis

tsAntifederalists

-Mostly living on the frontier-Poorer classes-Believed individual rights were at risk: no Bill of Rights-Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry

Federalists vs. Antifederalists