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Institute for Global Environmental Strategies IGES) “Capacity Building for Implementing a Measurable, Verifiable and Reportable (MRV)’ Model in a Mid-Sized Thai Municipality” Shom Teoh ([email protected]) Programme Manager, Sustainable Cities, IGES Session 3342: “Developing Capacity through Low Carbon Initiatives, Climate Adaptation and Increased Resilience to Climate Change Impacts in the Asia-Pacific Region” Our Common Future Under Climate Change Conference (7 10 July 2015; Paris, France) This presentation is not for citation. Opinions are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of IGES.
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Jan 21, 2018

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Page 1: Teoh s 20150709_1500_upmc_jussieu_-_room_101_(building_14-24)

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)

“Capacity Building for

Implementing a

‘Measurable, Verifiable and Reportable

(MRV)’ Model

in a Mid-Sized Thai Municipality”

Shom Teoh

([email protected]) Programme Manager, Sustainable Cities, IGES

Session 3342: “Developing Capacity through Low Carbon Initiatives, Climate Adaptation and Increased

Resilience to Climate Change Impacts in the Asia-Pacific Region”

Our Common Future Under Climate Change Conference (7 – 10 July 2015; Paris, France)

This presentation is not for citation. Opinions are those of the author, and do not necessarily

reflect the official opinion of IGES.

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 2

Project Overview

Overall Objective:

To build capacity of local governments in East Asia to

become ‘pioneers’ and ‘policy leaders’ in low carbon city

development, particularly in MRV of GHG mitigation projects.

Cities involved:

• Indonesia: Surabaya, Medan

• Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh, Hai Phong

• Thailand: Phitsanulok (120,000), Nonthaburi (250,000)

• Philippines: Cebu

• China: Shanghai

Page 3: Teoh s 20150709_1500_upmc_jussieu_-_room_101_(building_14-24)

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 3

Research Questions

To understand:

• How to effectively train local government officials to

develop as well as sustain a municipal and city-

wide GHG Inventory (using prevailing

protocols/standards?)

Are the expectations of prevailing protocols

realistic and pragmatic?

• What are the practical challenges and potential

solutions to address these challenges?

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 4

City Overview

Population: 120,000 persons (considered a ‘large’ municipality in Thailand)

Profile:

• Northern transport/logistics hub of

Thailand

• Provincial capital (government hub)

• Economic sectors: Services (62%),

agriculture (28%) and industry

(10%)

Other characteristics

• Recognised (won national, regional and international awards) in its

environmental protection initiatives especially in solid waste

management

• ‘Beginner’ to GHG inventory and MRV

• Considered ‘experienced’ in working with international organisations

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 5

Five Milestones towards Low Carbon Municipality/City

1. Conduct a baseline GHG emissions inventory

(Municipal & City-wide) and forecast

2. Adopt an emissions reduction target for the

forecast year

3. Develop a Local Climate Action Plan

4. Implement policies and measures

5. Monitor & Verify Results

Reference: ICLEI 5 Milestone Methodology

Page 6: Teoh s 20150709_1500_upmc_jussieu_-_room_101_(building_14-24)

IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 6

Summary of Activities & Outputs

Activities Phitsanulok IGES Partners Output Set up formal working group for low

carbon city Coordination Support

Progress Reports to

APN Stock-taking

Provide and

collect data

Provide

guidance

Nonthaburi

Municipality, WRI,

research

community

Training

• JICA-IGES Kitakyushu

• Mid-term WS/Training

• Final WS/Training

• In-between training (as

necessary)

Help to organise

and participate in

the training,

Provide feedback

Conduct

and

Coordinate

the training

JICA, Nonthaburi

and universities

GHG Inventory Development

Collect data and

set up necessary

institutions to

sustain it

Make

calculation

s and

analysis,

provide

guidance

Research

community

Municipality In-house

Energy Reporting

System

Inaugural GHG

Inventory of

Phitsanulok

Municipality

(Publication &

Webpage)

APN/IGES Policy Brief

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 7

Achievements

Specific Objective:

• Develop the municipality’s capacity to establish a draft city GHG

inventory and sustainable institutions (working group)/data

management systems for that (referring to pilot global protocol

(GPC) for community-level greenhouse gases)

Final Output: • Phitsanulok Municipality’s

Inaugural City GHG Inventory

report (in English and Thai)

• Sustained institutions within

Phitsanulok Municipality for

maintaining the inventory

August 2015

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 8

Municipal GHG Emissions 2013

By Sector By Scope

Total GHG Emissions: 24,779 tCO2e

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 9

Achievements

• The first complete municipality-managed building list

• The first in-house Energy Reporting System developed

by the IT Department

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 10

How ‘good’ was the Inaugural GHG Inventory?

1. Relevance

Supports the national policy to reduce electricity consumption in municipal buildings by 10%

(unfortunately, not strictly monitored and enforced, while ‘perverse subsidies’ are also in

existence)

The baseline data was useful to support Phitsanulok’s sustainable development goals

2. Completeness

Municipal GHG Inventory is reasonably complete for important sectors, for a first attempt;

Citywide GHG Inventory still requires substantial future effort, especially for mobile energy

sector

3. Consistency

Referred to international and national protocols (TGO, ICLEI, WRI etc.)

4. Transparency

Data sources and methodology were clearly explained.

5. Accuracy

Data quality should be improved over time

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 11

Key Challenges Faced

Most data are already collected in pre-existing procedures, but are

fragmented, incomplete or lack accuracy

• Some data (especially bottom-up data for city-wide GHG

inventory) needs cooperation from the private sector or other

government agencies (e.g. fuel stations, electricity generation

authority)

• Some data cannot be collected as the existing database does not

have such functions (especially to delineate data according to

organisational and municipal geo-political boundary)

Lack of dedicated, capable and cooperative staff

• Lack of practical incentives and low awareness of benefits

• ‘Silo mentality’ among department heads

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 12

Recommendations to Local Governments

• GHG accounting ability is an indicator of progressive city

management, which may help attract international partners and

investments to advance the city’s sustainable development.

• Helps to prepare for compliance to legally mandated GHG

reporting (eventually)

• Much of the data required for a municipal-level GHG Inventory is

already available. A tailored approach to create and sustain a

systematic/routine approach is needed to compile these data.

• The model demonstrated in Phitsanulok Municipality may be a

useful reference for other municipalities of a similar class and

organisational characteristics:

Decentralise data collection responsibility to individual

departments/buildings (facilitated by a ‘neutral’ department’ e.g.

IT Department)

An in-house online energy use reporting system.

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 13

Policy Implications (National & International)

• Given the technical complexity of city-level GHG accounting,

initiatives by local authorities risk being a ‘one-off’,

unsustainable effort.

Essential to create realistic incentives (legal, financial,

reputational benefits etc. in both direct and indirect

forms)

• In the absence of a legal mandate for city-level GHG

accounting, a non-regulatory approach that is facilitated by

a higher-level national body or external party may be

recommendable.

‘Peer to peer learning’

Reward notable efforts (reputational incentives)

Conduct benchmarking of performance within the

country, as well as with other countries.

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 14

Other Implications (National & International)

• The baseline capacity of local authorities (in developing

countries) is generally low (lower than general

expectations!).

Needs a long-term perspective. Adequate post-

training technical guidance is necessary, and training

materials need to be in local languages.

Training should involve not only local authorities,

but all other stakeholders who support/influence data

collection efforts by local authorities, e.g. electricity and

water utilities, petrol stations, audit agency etc.

Target the capable and neutral persons

(decisionmakers plus working-level persons)

within/supporting the municipality (differs according to

each situation).

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 15

Other Implications (National & International)

• Current data management systems of local, national

and relevant agencies are either not able, or well-

designed to organise GHG data within a city’s geo-

political boundaries, as requested by global protocols.

• More in-depth technical support and guidance on data

collection and interpretation (beyond what is provided in

current global/national protocols), esp. for transport and

building sector emissions.

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IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 16

Thank you for listening!

Education Public Works

Public Health & Env. City partners and ‘fans’

Finance Social

Welfare

Tech

Services &

Planning

Water

Supply Office of

Municipal Clerk

Towards a Low Carbon Phitsanulok!