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TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH pH NITROGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHATES PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY TURBIDITY BIO- BIO- INDICATORS INDICATORS Water Quality Water Quality Factors Factors
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TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

Mar 27, 2015

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Kaitlyn Sawyer
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Page 1: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

DISSOLVEDDISSOLVEDOXYGEN (DO)OXYGEN (DO)

pHpH NITROGENNITROGEN

PHOSPHATESPHOSPHATES

TURBIDITYTURBIDITY

BIO-BIO-INDICATORSINDICATORS

Water Quality FactorsWater Quality Factors

Page 2: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

TEMPERATURE

EFFECTS:changes rate of photosynthesischanges rate of respirationchanges DO in water

cold water holds more DOhot water holds less DO

changes sensitivity of organisms to toxic waste, parasites, disease.

Page 3: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

TEMPERATURE

• Thermal pollution = adding warm water to cold water.

CAUSES OF THERMAL POLLUTION:

• Industry (nuclear power plants, paper mills)

• Urban Development (storm water runoff, construction, soil erosion)

Page 4: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)

ORANGE = Oxygen

MICKEYMOUSE = Water

Fish needOxygen

Less Oxygen =Less fish

Page 5: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)

TO INCREASE DO:

• Much of DO comes from atmosphere

• Some of DO comes from photosynthesis

TO DECREASE DO:

• Add pollution

• Add organic waste

Page 6: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

ORGANIC WASTE = LOW DO

• Organic waste = parts of once living things

EXAMPLES OF ORGANIC WASTE:

Sewage

Farm runoff

Discharge from food processing plants

Page 7: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

HOW RAW SEWAGE LOWERS DO

RAW SEWAGE GOES INTO WATER:

1. Decomposers chow down

2. Decomposers take up oxygen

3. Decomposers reproduce, taking up more oxygen

4. No more oxygen for other animals

5. Nothing left but decomposer & sewage-filled water.

Page 8: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

HEALTHY POND

Page 9: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

RAW SEWAGE IS DUMPED

Page 10: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

UNHEALTHY POND

Page 11: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

pH

• pH = measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance

• Tells whether substance is:

ACID

BASE

NEUTRAL

Page 12: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

pH

Measured on scale from 0 to 140 = highly acidic (HCl)7 = neutral (pure water)14 = highly basic (bleach)

Seawater pH ranges from 7.5 – 8.5Average pH of ocean water = 7.8pH of natural water = 6.5 – 8.5Optimal range for life = 6.5 – 8.2

Page 13: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

pH

US Northeastern rain pH = 4.3

Rain elsewhere in US pH = 5.0 – 5.6

Page 14: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

pH

Page 15: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.
Page 16: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

pHSOURCES OF LOW pH IN WATER:

• Acid rain is cause of acid in thousands of lakes

• Burning fossil fuels has increased acid rain

EFFECTS OF LOW pH IN WATER:

• Low pH directly kills fish

• pH < 5, most fish eggs die

Page 17: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

NITROGEN

• Living organisms need nitrogen to make proteins

• Nitrates (NO3) & Nitrites (NO2) are compounds made of nitrogen & oxygen

• Some nitrogen in water is good

• The wrong amount is bad

Page 18: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

NITROGEN

SOURCES OF NITROGEN IN WATER:

Human & animal waste

fertilizer

EFFECTS OF TOO MUCH NITROGEN:

Lowers dissolved oxygen (DO).

Page 19: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

NITROGEN – EUTROPHICATION

Q: How does Nitrogen reduce the amount of DO?A: Eutrophication• Nitrogen feeds algae (green stuff)• Algae grows & grows• Algae blocks sunlight• Underwater plants die• Algae die and decompose• The decomposition takes up oxygen• No DO for organisms, so they die

Page 20: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

NITROGENNITROGEN

OUR HAPPY POND IS OUR HAPPY POND IS NOW “DEAD”NOW “DEAD”

Page 21: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

EUTROPHICATION

Page 22: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

NITRATES

Page 23: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

PHOSPHATES

• Phosphorus is an element like hydrogen or oxygen

• Phosphorus combines with other things to make phosphates

• Essential for living things

• Usually present in very small amounts

• Too much is bad

Page 24: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

PHOSPHATES

SOURCES OF PHOSPHATES IN WATER:

Storm sewer runoff

Soil erosion

Fertilizer

Forest fires

Volcanic eruptions

Page 25: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

PHOSPHATES

Page 26: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

PHOSPHATES

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATES:

Eutrophication (same as with nitrates)

Page 27: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

PHOSPHATESPHOSPHATES

OUR HAPPY POND IS OUR HAPPY POND IS NOW “DEAD”NOW “DEAD”

Page 28: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

EUTROPHICATION

Page 29: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

PHOSPHATES

Page 30: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

TURBIDITY

• Measures clearness of water

• Murky water = greater turbidity

• Caused by solids blocking sunlight

• Measured using a Secchi disk or turbidity meter

Page 31: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

TURBIDITY

Page 32: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

TURBIDITY

HUMAN DUMPING:

Clay

Silt

Industrial waste

Raw sewage

SOURCES:

Human dumping

Construction

Soil erosion

Nitrate pollution

Phosphate pollution

Page 33: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

TURBIDITY

EFFECTS:

Clogs fish gills

Smothers eggs

Makes water unlivable

Page 34: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

BIO-INDICATORS

• Bio-indicators = organisms that help determine health of water.

• Presence or absence tells something about the water.

• Not always an accurate way to measure water quality.

• Accurate in telling environmental stress

Page 35: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

BIO-INDICATORS

HOW HUMANS AFFECT BIO-INDICATORS:

Over-fishing

Industrial pollution

Poor farming practices

Adding foreign species

Page 36: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

BIO-INDICATORS

Page 37: TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) OXYGEN (DO) pH NITROGEN PHOSPHATES TURBIDITY BIO- INDICATORS Water Quality Factors.

BIO-INDICATORS