Acknowledgment To our colleagues of DF08A1ICT, who helped us with various issues during the preparation of this project proposal, we are grateful to them. Besides, a number of friends had always been around to support us morally. We would like to thank them as well and the chance to fulfill our goals and objectives and for the support throughout our studies. We would like to dedicate this study to them as an indication of their significance in this study as well as in our life. Finally, we are responsible for any errors that remain in this project.
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Telecommunications - Research on Mobile Broadband HSPA/HSPDA
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Acknowledgment
To our colleagues of DF08A1ICT, who helped us with various issues during the
preparation of this project proposal, we are grateful to them. Besides, a number of
friends had always been around to support us morally. We would like to thank them as
well and the chance to fulfill our goals and objectives and for the support throughout our
studies. We would like to dedicate this study to them as an indication of their
significance in this study as well as in our life.
Finally, we are responsible for any errors that remain in this project.
Advantages and Strengths....................................................................................................................28
Disadvantages and problems................................................................................................................30
Future of HSPA.......................................................................................................................................32
The 0G technology can be referred to the first codeless telephony which is used in the
Police cars. The mobile telephone was mounted in the car near the driver usually. The
transmitter was mounted in the truck of the vehicle.
1G
The 1G was introduced in 1980’s. This is the next of the 1st generation technology. NMT
(Nordic Mobile Telephone), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) are the stands
used by the 1G. This technology is also help in the mobile telephony as used in the 0G.
But the main different is 0G is analog and the 1G is digital.
Sameer Shah (2003). An approach to - Communication Era. United States: Embin Technologies . 2p-10p.
2G
The second generation technology was used after the 1st generation. In this technology
the email, data or the software cannot be able to transfer. Only the voice and the SMS
can be transferred using the 2nd generation.
There are TDMA-based and CDMA based standards depending on the multiplexing
used.
2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards
depending on the type of multiplexing used. The GSM, IDEN comes under the 2G.
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2.5G
The 2.5G is the stepping between 2G and the 3G. But 2.5G is not officially declared by
the International Telecommunication Union and 2.5G was named for the marketing
purpose only (funsms.net). This technology uses the same infrastructures which are
used for the 2G. So this made the service providers to switch from 2G to 2.5G easily.
Syed Ammar Faheem (2005). Evolution of 2.5G Radio Access Network towards the Prospects of high Speed Downlink Packet Access . UAE: National University of
Computer & Emerging Sciences. 2p-5p.
Currently EDGE, GPRS and CDMA2000 are using the 2.5G.
3G and 3.5 G
The third generation technology was another milestone in the telecommunication field.
The GSM EDGE, UMTS, and CDMA2000 and Wi-MAX use this technology.
The third generation technology gives many services such as voice telephone service,
the Video calls, and the wireless data transfer. This is faster than the previous
technologies implemented before. This can be go up to 5Mbps. The HSPA uses 3G and
it can reach the highest fast.
AT&T states that they are providing the speed of 20Mbps using the 3G this year. So this
may be the fastest speed which can be accessed using the 3G.
MNM Media. (2008). AT&T plans 20-megabit 3G by 2009. Available:
http://www.electronista.com/articles/08/05/14/att.20mbps.3g.in.2009/. Last accessed [17
Sep 2009 ].
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Research on HSPA – Telecommunications
HSPA
HSPA is a technology upgrade to a UTMS network that provides high speeds, capacity
and efficiency. HSPA improved spectrum efficiency enables much faster downstream.
HSPA can provide up to seven times higher than the UTMS networks. And higher
capacity, reduced delay time,
Figure 1 – Evolution of HSPA
HSPA is the next step of the life cycle of UMTS. (Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System).This is mostly used in Europe the software technologies used by the UMTS is
in a lower standard than the HSPA. And with the increasing demand for the UMTS
technology they developed the existing technology into HSPA. Even though they
upgraded this software both UMTS and the HSPA uses the same frequency range. The
phones that use the UMTS technology are extremely portable.
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Research on HSPA – Telecommunications
This means that even though they are not in a coverage range of UMTS they will
connect into a GPRS or GPS network. So the users will have the facility of roaming.
Since HSPA is an updated version of UMTS it has all these facilities of UMTS as well as
more advanced and upgraded technologies. HSPA provides a smooth evolutionary path
for the UMTS networks to higher data rates and higher capacities.
Compared to UMTS HSPA can transfer larger files and it has faster web browsing. More
over HSPA offers latency as low as 70 to 100 milliseconds (ms) making it ideal for
Virtual Private Network and other real time applications. But UMTS does not have a low
latency as above and therefore it is not ideal to real time applications.
Figure 2 – Evaluation of HSPA
The above picture represents the time line of HSPA. It shows how HSPA developed
throughout the last few years. When HSPA was introduced in year 2002 it did not have
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a high download speed but throughout the years it developed and now it has more than
10Mbps downlink speed. According to the above picture the downlink speed will double
every year on average. It to be expected that in year 2011 the download speed will
develop up to 100Mbps.
So currently mobile service providers are moving to provide HSPA solutions to end
customers because it’s profitable and the low cost in HSPA to provide a one MB of file.
Figure 3 – Cost comparison in R99 and HSPA
The following chart shows the cost that should spend by a mobile service provider to
deliver a 10MB though R99 old technologies and HSPA. So we can see that with a
really low cost HSPA can provide its services.
Siemens (2004). HSDPA by Siemens. United States: Siemens. 1p-10p.
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Technology used
According to Ericsson there are two main combined technologies which enable to make
the data transfer in HSPA faster and effective than the previous ones. These
technologies are the main reason to the evolution of HSPA. We know that UMTS is the
beginning of the HSPA. When the technologies get the HSPA was introduced to the
According to the Ericsson MIMO is an antenna technology for wireless communications
in which multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the destination
(receiver).
A. Pauraj, R. Nabar and D. Gore. Introduction to Space-Time Wireless
Communications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003.
This is efficient because in this method the transmitter as well as the receivers have
multiple antennas. Also comparing other technologies the data exchange rate is very
high.
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Multi carrier technologies
According to whatis.com Multi-carrier modulation (MCM) is a method of transmitting
data by splitting it into several components, and sending each of these components
over separate carrier signals.
In multi carrier technology the frequency goes normally in two channels; so that the
download speed can be doubled. If the normal one channel has the download speed as
5Mbps using this technology will make the speed into double.
Ericsson says that they can make antennas and devices which can be able to access the data up to 42Mbps. They provide 21Mbps devices recently and they promise that can be able go up to the double.
Nokia Networks (2003). Nokia HSDPA Solution. Finland: Noka Coperation.
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Importance
Speed
HSPA solution can deliver up to 14Mpbs downlink and 2mpbs uplink speeds which are
really better than GPRS and EDGE speeds. So as a mobile broadband solution HSPA
is a good technology that can provide higher uplink and downlink speeds.
Cost effective
With HSPA cost is really low in implementation and delivering the network .for example
if we consider about delivering a 10Mb file with HSPA and UTMS Release 99 with
HSPA it will be really cheap. So telecom providers and give broadband solutions for
customers in a very low cost. Also HSPA provide higher quality services at the lowest
cost.
Mobility
HSPA is a mobile broadband service which can provide high speed internet access with
mobility, so not like DSL and Wi-MAX technologies; HSPA is a full mobility way of
providing internet to the end customers. So users and use the technology any time
anywhere.
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Considerations before implementation
HSPA solutions can be implemented on a 3rd Generation or 2nd Generation GSM
Network but the Network should be updated to 3.5 generation.
To upgrade to a higher GSM generation the telecom companies may need technical
support and hardware implementations on the current network infrastructure. The areas
that should be implementing HSPA should be covered with a 3.5G GSM signal
coverage.
To give the maximum throughout out to the customers the area should be well covered
well if not the signals will be dropped and customers will experience low speeds. Also
the telecom company should select which is the best HSPA type they should implement
with the conditions. So they have to find the best technology suitable and best places to
implement the transmission towers.
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Criteria required implementing the technology
When implementing a new technology we have to consider about all the facts such as
what are the hardware and software requirements we need, what are the skills needed,
how much it will cost to implement such a technology and many more.
The following skilled people are qualified to implement a HSPA technology
Senior RF Systems Engineer
Senior Systems Applications Engineer
Technical Applications Engineer
Technical Application Engineer
Senior Software Engineer
Cab mobile designer Engineer
Senior Test Engineer(Software bias)
3G / Wireless Protocol Stack Software Developer
Telecoms Product Implementation Engineer
Field Engineers
Telecom Design Engineer
System Engineer
In addition to their own qualifications all of the above engineers should be specialized in
Nokia Networks (2003). Nokia HSDPA Solution. Finland: Noka Coperation.
Nomor Research (2009). White Paper – Dual Cell HSDPA and its Future Evolution . Deutsche : Nomor Research.
Rysavy Research (2007). Data Capabilities: GPRS to HSDPA and Beyond . United States: Rysavy Research.
Sameer Shah (2003). An approach to - Communication Era. United States: Embin Technologies .
Siemens (2004). HSDPA by Siemens. United States: Siemens.
Simon Binar (2006). HSDPA and HSUPA Functional Testing . Germany : Tektronix Inc,.
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Syed Ammar Faheem (2005). Evolution of 2.5G Radio Access Network towards the Prospects of high Speed Downlink Packet Access . UAE: National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences. .
Vincent Bultot (2008). How will HSDPA Category 9 benefit end-users and operators. United States: Option Technologies.
C. Smith, D.Collins (2007). 3G wireless networks. United States: McGraw Hill.
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Conclusion
The basic requirement for HSPDA is to carry high data rate on the downlink. HSDPA is
an extremely cost effective path to higher data rates. It has a wide range of coverage
and the users have the benefit of connecting to other networks if they are not in a
coverage area of HSPDA. In summery it means that the phones that users HSPDA are
extremely portable. The most important thing about HSPDA is that it reduces the overall
round trip delay and thus the users has the advantage of downloading or uploading data
faster. Moreover the peak data rate of HSPDA is increased up to 14Mbps.The primary
target of HSPDA is to enhance system throughput with minimum changes in network
architecture in addition the motivation behind HSPDA is to support sophisticated UE
applications which needs higher bit rates.
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Appendix
Work break down structure
Topic Suhail Sandaru Sudantha
Basic Research 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
History of the Technology 100%
Evolution of Technology 50% 50%
Affect on the human begins 100%
Benefits of the Technology 50% 50%
Implementation of the network 100%
Skills needed to implementation 100%
Network diagrams 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%Advantages and Disadvantages 100%