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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES 938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City A Research Work Presented to the Computer Engineering Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Computer Fundamentals and Programming (CS 200L2) “UBUNTU 9.10: OPERATING SYSTEM” Submitted By: Caspe, Christian Cerrero, Marjorie Conde, Jerry De Blas, Rahp Relly Gasmen, Joe Vincent Pampola, Edward Submitted to: Engr. Richelle Anne Tupaz
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Technological Institute of the Philippines

Nov 16, 2014

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Page 1: Technological Institute of the Philippines

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

A Research Work Presented to the Computer Engineering Department

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Computer Fundamentals and

Programming (CS 200L2)

“UBUNTU 9.10: OPERATING SYSTEM”

Submitted By:

Caspe, Christian

Cerrero, Marjorie

Conde, Jerry

De Blas, Rahp Relly

Gasmen, Joe Vincent

Pampola, Edward

Submitted to:

Engr. Richelle Anne Tupaz

Instructor

Date Submitted:

11 December 2009

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement

CHAPTER I – Introduction

Introductory ParagraphsStatement of the ProblemPurposeSignificance of the StudyObject of the StudyResearch Questions and /or Hypotheses

CHAPTER II – Background

Related LiteratureDefinition of Terms

CHAPTER III – Methodology

A. Methods of Research UsedB. Source of DataC. Sampling Techniques

Procedure and TimeframeAnalysis PlanValidity and ReliabilityAssumptionsScope and Limitations

CHAPTER IV – Results

CHAPTER V – Conclusions and Recommendations

SummaryDiscussionRecommendations

THE PROCESS

THE CREATORS

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our Group, the Exiles would like to acknowledge the people who guided,

supported and help us in our research. We would like to express our gratitude to the

following:

To God that gave us the intelligence, initiative and strength in conducting and

writing this research.

To our parents, who financially supported us and allowed us to stay overnight.

To Conde family, that gave us the permission to use their personal computer and

allowing us stay overnight.

To our instructor, Engr. Richelle Anne Tupaz, who gave us the chance to study

about UBUNTU 9.10 and for extending the deadline of submission.

And to the group members that gave their best effort and cooperation to finish this

research.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

An operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer and

without the operating system, a computer would be useless. Operating System,

commonly abbreviated OS is system software that communicates with computer

hardware on the most basic level. Without an operating system, no software programs

can run. The OS is what allocates memory, processes tasks, accesses disks and

peripherals, and serves as the user interface. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such

as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping

track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk

drives and printers.

There are different types of operating system and the most commonly used is the

Windows by Microsoft. Microsoft Windows dominate the computer market, as of

October 2009, Windows had approximately 91% of the market share of the client

operating systems.

Although there are huge amount of Microsoft Windows users, there are other

computer users that are not using Windows as their OS. The reason is that an original

Microsoft Windows are quite expensive. Some companies that uses several computers or

business that involves large numbers of computers used other types of operating system

that is free and open source. The most popular open source software is the Linux.

Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds

with the assistance of developers around the world. Developed under the GNU General

Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Linux

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Distribution developed a operating system and named after the South African ethical

ideology, Ubuntu, meaning “humanity towards other”.

Ubuntu is a free and open source operating system based on the Debian Linux

Distribution. It was first release on October 20, 2004. Ubuntu provides an up-to-date,

stable operating system for the average user, with a strong focus on usability and ease of

installation. Ubuntu also focuses on security. As a security feature, the sudo tool is used

to assign temporary privileges for performing administrative tasks, allowing the root

account to remain locked, and preventing inexperienced users from inadvertently making

catastrophic system changes or opening security holes. The Ubiquity installer allows

Ubuntu to be installed to the hard disk from within the Live CD environment, without the

need for restarting the computer prior to installation. Ubuntu comes installed with a wide

range of software that includes OpenOffice, Firefox, Empathy, Transmission, GIMP, and

several lightweight games such as Sudoku and chess. Ubuntu allows networking ports to

be closed using its firewall, with customized port selection available. Ubuntu can also run

many programs designed for Microsoft Windows, such as Microsoft Office through a

Virtual Box.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

We, as computer engineering students are always seeking for technical

innovations. These innovations will lead us to be more productive and effective engineers

of the future. Thus, knowing and being familiar with different operating systems aside

from windows operating systems is a must. There are free and reliable operating systems

around and all we need to do is to test which one will suit our needs and wants. We chose

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UBUNTU as our topic research; it is a free and flexible operating system. In this research

we need to know its functions, advantages and disadvantages to other operating systems

and to explore its features and interface.

PURPOSE

Knowledge about different kinds of operating systems is a must especially for us

Computer Engineering students. Different operating system aside from windows

operating systems offers a broad sheet of features and innovations and the best thing is

that it is and opens source software. Knowing all these will enhance our knowledge, skills

and productivity as future engineers of our country. Our research also promotes

UBUNTU as a reliable and easy-to-download operating system that is capable in meeting

our needs and expectations.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research will give broad information regarding UBUNTU 9.10 to our co-

students, instructors and future researchers. This research will give background regarding

UBUNTU’s environment and its advantages against other operating systems.

This research will serve as an eye-opener to what things lies ahead. And for us

computer engineering students, it is an opportunity to view and to try different kind of

operating system. It will also strengthen our bond as a group and develop our initiative

and communication skills.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. General Objective

To promote the advantages of UBUNTU 9.10 operating system.

To inform others about the difference of UNBUNU to other operating

systems in the market nowadays.

2. Specific Objectives

To enumerate the new features of Ubuntu operating system.

To provide a step by step procedure of downloading, burning and

installation of Ubuntu operating system.

To experience and explore the interface of Ubuntu operating system.

RESEARCH QUESTION / HYPOTHESES

1. Why do we need to study Ubuntu operating system?

2. Is Ubuntu operating system safe to use?

3. What are the differences between Ubuntu and other operating systems?

4. Is Ubuntu operating system easy to use like windows operating system?

5. What are the processes before Ubuntu operating system will run?

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CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE

Windows® Family

In 1983 Microsoft announced its development of Windows, a graphical user interface

(GUI) for its own operating system (MS-DOS) that had shipped for IBM PC and

compatible computers since 1981. Microsoft modeled the GUI, which was first known as

Interface Manager.

The first independent version of Microsoft Windows, version 1.0, released on November

20, 1985, lacked a degree of functionality and achieved little popularity. Microsoft

Windows scored a significant success with Windows 3.0, released in 1990. In addition to

improved capabilities given to native applications, Windows also allowed users to better

multitask older MS-DOS based software compared to Windows/386, thanks to the

introduction of virtual memory. During the mid to late 1980s, Microsoft and IBM had

cooperatively been developing OS/2 as a successor to DOS. OS/2 would take full

advantage of the aforementioned Protected Mode of the Intel 80286 processor and up to

16MB of memory. OS/2 1.0, released in 1987, supported swapping and multitasking and

allowed running of DOS executables. In response to the impending release of OS/2 2.0,

Microsoft developed Windows 3.1, which included several minor improvements to

Windows 3.0 but primarily consisted of bug fixes and multimedia support. In February

1989, Microsoft develops Windows NT, which means new technology. It was originally

designed to be a powerful high-level-language-based, processor-independent,

multiprocessing, multiuser operating system with features comparable to UNIX. On

August 24, 1995, Windows 95, a graphical user interface-based operating system was

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released. On 25 June 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98. It included new hardware

drivers and better support for the FAT32 file system which allows support for disk

partitions larger than the 2 GB maximum accepted by Windows 95. Microsoft released

Windows 2000, known during its development cycle as Windows NT 5.0, in February

2000. It was successfully deployed both on the server and the workstation markets. In

September 2000, Microsoft introduced Windows Me (Millennium Edition), which

upgraded Windows 98 with enhanced multimedia and Internet features. In 2001,

Microsoft released Windows XP. The merging of the Windows NT/2000 and Windows

95/98/Me lines was finally achieved with Windows XP. Windows XP uses the Windows

NT 5.1 kernel, marking the entrance of the Windows NT core to the consumer market, to

replace the aging 16/32-bit branch. Windows Vista was released on November 30, 2006

to business customers, with consumer versions following on January 30, 2007. Windows

Vista intended to have enhanced security by introducing a new restricted user mode

called User Account Control, replacing the "administrator-by-default" philosophy of

Windows XP. One major difference between Vista and earlier versions of Windows,

Windows 95 and later, is that the original start button was replaced with just the

Windows icon. Windows 7 is the current major release after Windows Vista and was

planned for a three-year development timeframe.

THE OPEN-SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM

Open source software (OSS) is computer software for which the source code and certain

other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license

that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain. This permits users

to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified

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forms. It is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source software

is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-

generated content. The term open source software originated as part of a marketing

campaign for free software. A report by Standish Group states that adoption of open

source software models has resulted in savings of about $60 billion per year to consumers

OpenSUSE

OpenSUSE project is a community program sponsored by Novell. Promoting the use of

Linux everywhere, this program provides free, easy access to openSUSE, a complete

Linux distribution. The openSUSE project has three main goals: make openSUSE the

easiest Linux for anyone to obtain and the most widely used Linux distribution; leverage

open source collaboration to make openSUSE the world's most usable Linux distribution

and desktop environment for new and experienced Linux users; dramatically simplify and

open the development and packaging processes to make openSUSE the platform of

choice for Linux developers and software vendors. It is the equivalent of the historic

"SuSE Linux Professional". After their acquisition of SUSE Linux, Novell has decided to

make the community an important part of their development process.

Beyond the distribution, the openSUSE Project provides a web portal for community

involvement. The community assists in developing openSUSE collaboratively with

representatives from Novell by contributing code through the openSUSE Build Service,

writing documentation, designing artwork, fostering discussion on open mailing lists and

in Internet Relay Chat channels, and improving the openSUSE site through its wiki

interface. Novell markets openSUSE as the best, easiest distribution for all users.

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Fedora

Fedora is a Linux-based operating system created back in 2003 as a community

distribution called the Fedora Project. It was released along with Red Hat Enterprise

Linux, which was to be the next official Linux distribution after Red Hat Linux was

discontinued. Its main purpose was to serve as a source of software innovations for the

Hat Enterprise Linux releases. This connection between the two Linux distributions

explains the origin of the Fedora name – 'fedora' refers to the characteristic fedora hat

used in Red Hat's "Shadowman" logo. The Fedora Project's mission is to lead the

advancement of free and open source software and content as a collaborative community..

One of Fedora's main objectives is not only to contain software distributed under a free

and open source license, but also to be on the leading edge of such technologies. Fedora

developers prefer to make upstream changes instead of applying fixes specifically for

Fedora—this ensures that their updates are available to all Linux distributions.

Fedora has a comparatively short life cycle: version X is maintained until one month after

version X+2 is released. With 6 months between releases, the maintenance period is about

13 months for each version.

Linus Torvalds, author of the Linux kernel, says he uses Fedora because it had fairly good

support for PowerPC when he used that processor architecture. He became accustomed to

the operating system and continues to use it.

According to Distrowatch, Fedora is the second most popular Linux-based operating

system as of mid 2009, behind Ubuntu.

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Debian

Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a

free operating system. This operating system is called Debian GNU/Linux, or simply

Debian for short. Debian systems currently use the Linux kernel. Linux is a completely

free piece of software started by Linus Torvalds and supported by thousands of

programmers worldwide. Of course, the thing that people want is application software:

programs to help them get what they want to do done, from editing documents to running

a business to playing games to writing more software. Debian comes with over 20,000

packages (precompiled software that is bundled up in a nice format for easy installation

on your machine) - all of it free. It's a bit like a tower. At the base is the kernel. On top of

that are all the basic tools. Next is all the software that you run on the computer. At the

top of the tower is Debian -- carefully organizing and fitting everything so it all works

together. It is distributed with access to repositories containing thousands of software

packages ready for installation and use. Debian is known for strict adherence to the Unix

and free software philosophies as well as using collaborative software development and

testing processes. Debian can be used as a desktop as well as server operating system.

Solaris

Solaris is a UNIX-based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as

the successor to SunOS. Early versions, based on BSD UNIX, were called SunOS. The

shift to a System V code base in SunOS 5 was marked by changing the name to Solaris 2.

Earlier versions were retroactively named Solaris 1.x. After version 2.6, Sun dropped the

"2." from the name. Solaris consists of the SunOS UNIX base operating system plus a

graphical user environment. Solaris is written in a platform-independent manner and is

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available for SPARC and x86 processors (including x86_64). Historically, Solaris used to

be a proprietary operating system, however, starting from version 10, its licence has

changed and the product is now distributed free of charge for any system or purpose,

while its source code is available from OpenSolaris.org under a license approved by

Open Source Initiative (OSI).

Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating

many innovative features such as DTrace and ZFS. Solaris supports SPARC-based and

x86-based workstations and servers from Sun and other vendors, with efforts underway

to port to additional platforms.

Solaris is certified against the Single Unix Specification. Although it was historically

developed as proprietary software, it is supported on systems manufactured by all major

server vendors, and the majority of its codebase is now open source software via the

OpenSolaris project.

COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS) COMPARISON

Table A

Operating System Distribution Preferred license Target System type

Solaris Free CDDL Server, WorkstationFedora Free GNU, General

Public License & other free software licenses

Desktop, server

OpenSUSE Free GNU, General Public License & other free software licenses

Desktop, server

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Debian Free GNU, General Public License & other free software licenses

Desktop, server

Windows XP Per license charge Shared source Desktop,Workstation, Embedded. Media center

Windows Vista Per license charge MS-EULA Desktop, Workstation

Windows 7 Per license charge Closed source, Shared source

Tablet PC, media center, netbooks,Desktop, Workstation, Multitouch

Ubuntu 9.10 Free Mainly the GNU GPL / plus variousother licenses

Desktop, server

Table B

Operating System Author First public release

Predecessor

Solaris Sun Jul-92 SunOSFedora Red Hat 16-Nov-03 Red Hat Linux 9OpenSUSE Novell Mar-94 SUSE Linux Professional

Debian Ian Murdock 16-Aug-93 N/AWindows XP Microsoft 25-Oct-01 Windows 2000, Windows Me

Windows Vista Microsoft 8-Nov-06 Windows XPWindows 7 Microsoft 22-Oct-09 Windos Vista

Ubuntu 9.10 Canonical Ltd. 20-Oct-04 Ubuntu

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Wubi is an officially supported Ubuntu installer for Windows users that can bring

you to the Linux world with a single click. Wubi allows you to install and uninstall

Ubuntu as any other Windows application, in a simple and safe way.

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Open source describes practices in production and development that promote

access to the end product's source materials—typically, their source code. The open

source model can allow for the concurrent use of different agendas and approaches in

production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those

typically used in commercial software companies.

Pidgin is a multi-platform instant messaging client, based on a library named

libpurple. Libpurple has support for many commonly used instant messaging protocols,

allowing the user to log into various different services from one application.

Wine is a free software application that aims to allow Unix-like computer

operating systems to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows. Wine also

provides a software library known as Winelib against which developers can compile

Windows applications to help port them to Unix-like systems.

UNetbootin utilities or installs Linux/BSD to a partition or USB drive without a

CD. It can use an existing disk image/kernel/initrd file, or download a supported distro or

system utility.

LIVE CD is a CD containing a bootable computer operating system. Live CDs

are unique in that they have the ability to run a complete, modern operating system on a

computer lacking mutable secondary storage, such as a hard disk drive. Live CDs are

designed to "demo" or "test drive" a particular operating system usually Linux or another

free or open source operating system.

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CHAPTER III

A. METHODS OF RESEARCH

The method of research used is internet exploration. We rummage around the net

to find valuable pieces of information regarding Ubuntu operating system. We

also investigate the interface of Ubuntu to know its advantages and disadvantages

when compared to other operating systems. We also scan various research paper

regarding operating systems in our college department. And finally we undergo

the installation process to enable us to enumerate possible errors in setting up the

Ubuntu.

B. SOURCES OF DATA

The data we used came from the internet and the bootable disc. The internet

becomes our basis for some of our results due to its updated environment. And the

bootable disc is the source of the Ubuntu operating system which was installed in

our test computer.

C. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

We provided a DVD+R bootable disc as our sample. We downloaded its contents

– Ubuntu 9.10 through the use of internet.

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ANALYSIS

We may be familiar with Windows Operating Systems which dominated most of

the market, but there are also open-source operating systems which are stable and reliable

enough to support our needs, one of these operating systems is Ubuntu.

At first, things were vague as a mist because it was our first time conduct a

research regarding other operating system aside from windows operating systems. But

due to our collaborative effort in researching it was understood little by little.

This research was a big opportunity in discovering new operating systems

especially Ubuntu. This paper work distributed a lot, from our intellectual understanding

regarding operating systems to experiencing Ubuntu’s environment. This work also

contributed enjoyment to every members of our group.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

The downloading process was quite fast due to its small size and fast internet

connection. We didn’t have any problems encountered during the installation process.

The burning process was in slower speed to ensure that it’s error free. And were right,

when the operating system was installed we haven’t experienced any error.

ASSUMPTIONS

There aren’t a lot to expect for this research because it was our first time to

encounter Ubuntu operating systems. But one thing is for sure, a lot of research, patience,

effort, and collaborative work will make everything seamlessly. This research will impart

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knowledge to us computer engineering students that will truly help us in our future

works.

SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS

1. Scope

The availability of Ubuntu is easy; it is free to download via internet.

Applications are readily available.

2. Limitations

Windows based applications cannot and will not work with Ubuntu.

Drivers installed in windows in not the same with Ubuntu.

PROCEDURE AND TIME FRAME

Procedure No. Procedure

DAY1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Searching the Net            

2Analyzing Gathered

Data              

3Downloading Ubuntu

9.10  4 Burning Ubuntu 9.10  

5Intstallation of Ubuntu

9.10  6 Partition of Chapters    7 Revising and Editing        8 Printing  9 Book Binding  

10Deadline of Submission  

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RESULTS

Before we arrived with the output, which is the environment of Linux Ubuntu, we

experienced downloading it for 2-3 hours. The Linux based systems was not that easy if

one does not know how to do it right. Also not all applications are compatible to the

Linux. We figured out that the visual effects of the Linux are much better than the

Windows Operating System. The burning and installation process was easy because in

burning, the file is already in the ISO image format that can be burn directly to any ISO

burner, and on installation, it has a wizard which is like in all windows operating systems

that will guide the user to the installation process.

We conducted different researches to know more about the environment and the

installation process of Ubuntu. We found out different improvements in its environment

upon its different releases. The operating system we downloaded is the latest release this

year (2009).

After all the hard works we were able to download it correctly. We also have

burned it successfully without any delay. After those processes we installed and

configured Ubuntu operating system using Virtual Box. Finally, the awaited moment

which was to see the Linux Ubuntu environment after all the installation done was

successful.

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CHAPTER V

A. SUMMARY

Innovation and new-fangled stuffs were just an exploration ahead. There were

times were we don’t know that there were alternatives to what we knew to be general.

Like Ubuntu, a free operating system which packages with new and fantastic

specifications that meets our needs and expectations. Feature-wise it is, indeed, it was

full-packed operating system. Deviating from what we were used to is fun and

confusing at times. A new environment will enhance our skills to be flexible with

different operating system aside from Windows operating systems. All we needed to

do is to have the right resources and knowledge. And above all, group alliance gave a

better result.

B. CONCLUSION

We therefore conclude that Ubuntu is an alternative operating system versus

expensive ones such as Windows operating systems. Ubuntu is fast and straight-

forward operating system which is reliable enough to meet our needs. Ubuntu is an

opening to lets us experience different kind of operating system aside from the

renowned Windows operating systems.

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C. RECOMMENDATION

Our generation focuses on innovations regarding technology and machinery.

Enable for us to adhere with this trends, we need to know more about different types

of operating system and divert from what we have been used to. Ubuntu is a nice

package of operating system which shows us what lies within other operating

systems. We highly recommend students especially computer engineering and

information and technology to try Ubuntu 9.10 and experience the world of Karmic

Koala.

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CHAPTER V

D. SUMMARY

Innovation and new-fangled stuffs were just an exploration ahead. There were

times were we don’t know that there were alternatives to what we knew to be general.

Like Ubuntu, a free operating system which packages with new and fantastic

specifications that meets our needs and expectations. Feature-wise it is, indeed, it was

full-packed operating system. Deviating from what we were used to is fun and

confusing at times. A new environment will enhance our skills to be flexible with

different operating system aside from Windows operating systems. All we needed to

do is to have the right resources and knowledge. And above all, group alliance gave a

better result.

E. CONCLUSION

We therefore conclude that Ubuntu is an alternative operating system versus

expensive ones such as Windows operating systems. Ubuntu is fast and straight-

forward operating system which is reliable enough to meet our needs. Ubuntu is an

opening to lets us experience different kind of operating system aside from the

renowned Windows operating systems.

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F. RECOMMENDATION

Our generation focuses on innovations regarding technology and machinery.

Enable for us to adhere with this trends, we need to know more about different types

of operating system and divert from what we have been used to. Ubuntu is a nice

package of operating system which shows us what lies within other operating

systems. We highly recommend students especially computer engineering and

information and technology to try Ubuntu 9.10 and experience the world of Karmic

Koala.

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THE PROCESS

Ubuntu 9.10, also known as the Karmic Koala, arrived exactly on October 29,

2009 and is the eleventh release of Ubuntu OS.

Requirements:

You will need the Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop ISO image that corresponds to your

hardware architecture (i386 or amd64), and which can be downloaded from

http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download .

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When the download is over, burn the ISO image with your favorite CD/DVD

burning application (Nero, CDBurnerXP, Roxio, ISO Burner) on a blank CD or DVD at

8x or lower speed.

Reinsert or leave the CD in your CD/DVD-ROM device and reboot the computer

in order to boot from the CD. Hit the F8, F11 or F12 key (depending on your BIOS) to

select the CD/DVD-ROM as the boot device.

Select your language when asked...

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Select the second option "Install Ubuntu," and hit the "Enter" key...

Wait for the CD to load into RAM...

You will see the wallpaper for a few seconds. When the installer appears, you will

be able to select your native language for the entire installation process. Click the

"Forward" button to continue...

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Where are you?

The second screen will feature a map of the Earth. Upon the selection of your

current location, the time for the final system will adjust accordingly. You can also select

your current location from the drop down list situated at the bottom of the window. Click

the "Forward" button after you have selected your desired location...

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Test your keyboard

On the third screen, you will be able to choose a desired keyboard layout. But the

default automatic selection should work for most of you. Click the "Forward" button

when you have finished with the keyboard configuration...

Hard disk partitioning

If you have another operating system (e.g. Windows XP) and you want a dual

boot system, select the first option: "Install them side by side, choosing between them at

each startup."

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Who are you?

On this screen, you must do exactly what the title says. Fill in the fields with your

real name, the name you want to use to log in on your Ubuntu OS (also known as the

"username," which will be required to log in to the system), the password and the name

of the computer (automatically generated, but can be overwritten).

Also at this step, there's an option called "Log in automatically." If you check the

box on this option, you will automatically be logged in to the Ubuntu desktop. Click the

"Forward" button to continue...

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Are you really ready for Ubuntu?

This is the final step of the installation. Here, you can select to install the boot

loader on another partition or hard drive than the default one, but it is only recommended

for advanced users. If someone is installing to a USB memory stick, as if it was a USB

hard drive, then they should know that the installer will mess with their computer's hard

disk drive MBR (thanks to Donald for the info on this one!).

Therefore, click the "Advanced" button and select the correct drive (the USB stick

in this case)...

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Click the "Install" button to start the installation process. The Ubuntu 9.10

(Karmic Koala) operating system will be installed...

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After approximately 10 to 18 minutes (depending on your computer's specs), a

pop-up window will appear, notifying you that the installation is complete, and you'll

need to restart the computer in order to use the newly installed Ubuntu operating system.

Click the "Restart Now" button...

The CD will be ejected; remove it and press the "Enter" key to reboot. The

computer will be restarted and, in a few seconds, you will see the Ubuntu boot splash and

Xsplash...

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You are now ready to use Linux Ubuntu 9.10…

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THE CREATORS

The EXILES…...

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REFERENCES

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http://www.techterms.com/definition/operatingsystem

http://www.webopedia.com/term/o/operating_system.html

http://www.linux.org/

http://www.ubuntu.com/

http://members.fortunecity.com/pcmuseum/windows.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Windows

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_%28operating_system%29

APPENDIX