Task 1.

Task 1

Shaun warburton

Resolution • Bitmap images are made up of pixels. Image resolution is the number of

pixels per inch (PPI) in the bitmap grid the more the pixels the better quality image is

• There are two features to every bitmap image – its size meaning the width and height In inches and resolution meaning the number of pixels per inch.

• Both of these factors both determine the total number of pixels in a picture

resolution• Some typical resolutions include:• 256x256 – found in many cheap cameras, this resolution makes the camera picture

quality really bad almost unacceptable. This resolution holds 65,536 individual pixels.

• 640x480 – this is found in low end cameras, but mainly this resolution is used for sending pictures or posting pictures on a website. This is has 307,200 pixels or 0.3 mega pixels*

• 2240x1680 – this resolution is mainly found in 4 megapixel cameras (the current standard) this allows even bigger printed photos, with good quality for prints up to 16x20 inches. This resolution holds over 3 million pixels.

• The top end cameras mainly use 4064x2704, this is a basic digital camera with 11.1 megapixels which takes a picture at this resolution, plus when you print a picture you can create a 13.5x9 inch print with no picture quality.

• *megapixels – more than 1 million pixels

resolution

• The more the pixels there are within a picture, the more detailed the image can be displayed at.

• But the fewer pixels there are in an image, the less detailed the image will be displayed at.

• There are two ways to show an image mainly on screen and print:

• The standard for screen displays is 72 PPI.

• The standard for Print is 300 PPI.

pixels

• In digital imaging, a pixel is the physical point In a raster image. So it is the smallest element of picture represented on the screen. The address of a pixel resembles to its physical co-ordinates.

• The term pixel is in fact short for Picture Element. These small little dots are what make up the images on digital. The screen is separated up into a matrix of thousands or even millions of pixels.

pixels

• Data is stored in bits. Each bit symbolizes two colours because it has the value of 0.1. so basically the more bits per pixel, the more colours can be presented on the screen. Examples of colour depth is shown in he table below:

Colour Depth Number Of Colours

1 Bit Colour 2

4 Bit Colour 16

8 Bit Colour 256

16 Bit Colour 65,536

24 Bit Colour 16,777,216

32 Bit Colour 4,294,967,296

48 Bit Colour 281,474,976,710,656

pixels• Defining Colour Depth: since each Bit symbolizes as 2 Colours, it is very easy to

work out the number of colours for the various colour depths. The number of possible colours would have to be 2 to the power of the number of bits per pixel for example:

A colour depth of 4 bits would be 2 times itself 4 times:

24 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16 colours

A colour depth of 8 bits would be 2 times itself 8 times: 28 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 colours.

A colour depth of 24 bits would be 2 times itself 24 times: 224 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16,777,216 colours

Light and Effect

• As an alternative of a film, a digital camera has a sensor that alters light energy into an electrical charges. A digital camera takes light and focuses it via the lens right to the sensor which is made out of silicon. It is made up of sections also called a grid and its made up of tiny photosites that are very sensitive to light. Each photosite is mainly called a pixel, a reduction of “picture element”. There are hundreds of millions of these individual pixels in the sensor of a digital camera.

Lighting in games

• Lighting in a game is very important from a gamers perspective because it is mainly used to create an atmosphere for example within call of duty zombies the light makes it become dark and murky to create an atmosphere of fear and caution. On the other hand to create a more light hearted atmosphere the developers may create a colourful and brighter atmosphere.

File formats and uses• Bmp: BMP stands for bitmap. Bitmap is a computer term, it is a type of graphic format. So, if you have a graphic

file, you might see .bmp at the end of the file name.• Png: PNG stands for portable network graphics. It is a raster image format that allows you to lossless data

compression. PNG supports Grayscale images with or without alpha channel.• Gif: GIF stands for Graphical interchange format, this supports up to 8 bits per pixel, this also supports animations

and allows a palette of 256 colours for each frame.• Tiff: TIFF stands tagged image file format, this file is for storing images. It mainly supports image manipulation

programmes, as well as publishing and page layout applications• Jpg: JPG or JPEG stands for joint photographic experts group, this is a common digital image format for lossy

compression. The amount of compression can be adjusted, this means that the size of the file versus the quality can be measured.

• Psd: PSD stands for photo shop document, this is a file for Photoshop documents, this format haves the advantage of sustaining an image with all its current layers when put in to an image editing software

• Pdf: PDF stands for portable document format, this file is a file format which can be used to signify documents without application software, hardware, or operating systems. Each PDF file contains a widespread description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts and graphics

• Eps: EPS stands for encapsulated post script, this file is a DCS-Conforming post script document, it’s intended use is as a graphics file format. These file documents are fairly self contained and are used to describe an image or drawing.

• Ai: AI stands for Adobe illustrator artwork this sile format is used to display a single page of vector based drawings within an PDF file format.

Compression• Compression is a method of encoding information with fewer bits than the original

file. Compression can be lossy or lossless. When it comes to lossless, bits are reduced via identifying statistical redundancy. No information/data will be lost in lossless compression. On the other hand, lossy compression recognizes unnecessary information and has it deleted. While data compression is the most common term used for reducing the size of files.

Image capture devices• Image capture devices are basically used to capture digital images, they

can range from cameras to camcorders to scanners to capture cards.

• Once captured, the digital image can be stored and worked on a computer using image manipulation software such as Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Illustrator and for more modest changes, Microsoft Paint.

OptimisingOptimising in the Computer sense is the process of adjusting the systems function in order to have it run more smoothly. In a general sense, optimising will help a computer run more swiftly. This is done by closing down applications which aren’t essential, or it could cause the computer to use more memory on a single application in order to improve its performance.

Computer optimisation can happen at a variety of levels, these include:

• Design Level• Source Code Level• Build level• Compile level• Assembly level

Storage and asset managementThese could be used to increase extra storage space or transport your data around. In relation to Video Games, Storage space has come in a few forms. On the PS3 and Xbox 360, they resemble a computer and use a HDD, while also letting Portable HDD’s and Pen Drives. However on older consoles, things such as memory cards were used and on most portable devices, memory cards like to those used in cameras can be used.