TECHNICAL REFERENCE SERIES • System BIOS for IBM® PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers, Second Edition The Complete Guide to ROM-Based System Software PHOENIX TECHNOLOGIES LTD. J TT Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Reading, Massachusetts Menlo Park, California New York Don Mills, Ontario Wokingham, England Amsterdam Bonn Sydney Singapore Tokyo Madrid San Juan Paris Seoul Milan Mexico City Taipei
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TECHNICAL REFERENCE SERIES
• System BIOS for IBM® PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers, Second Edition
The Complete Guide to ROM-Based System Software
P H O E N I X T E C H N O L O G I E S L T D .
J
Don Mills, Ontario Wokingham, England Amsterdam Bonn Sydney Singapore Tokyo Madrid San Juan
Paris Seoul Milan Mexico City Taipei
Table of Contents
Unexpected-Interrupt Handlers 7
Overview 15
Microprocessor 16
I/O Devices 23
Miscellaneous Additional Logic 34
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers V
Table Of Contents, Continued
3 System RAM Data
4 CMOS RAM Data
EISA CMOS RAM Data 52
5 ROM BIOS Data
XT Fixed Disk Parameters Table 66
Baud Rate Initialization Table 68
6 I/O Ports
vi System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table of Contents, Continued
7 Power-On Self Test
Reentry into POST 100
External Math Coprocessor Exceptions 107
INT 02h Nonmaskable Interrupt ISR 108
INT 75h Math Coprocessor Exception ISR 108
9 Keyboard Services
INT 16h Keyboard DSR 127
INT 16h Function 00h — Read Keyboard Input 128
INT 16h Function Olh — Read Keyboard Status 130
INT 16h Function 02h —Return Shift Hag Status 131
INT 16h Function 03h — Set Typematic Rate and Delay 132
INT 16h Function 05h — Store Key Data 133
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers VÜ
Table Of Contents, Continued
9 Keyboard Services, confd
INT 16h Function l lh — Return Extended Keyboard Status 135
INT 16h Function 12h — Return Extended Shift Flags 136
10 Video Service
INT 10h Function 00h — Set Video Mode 145
INT 10h Function Olh —Set Cursor Type 146
INT 10h Function 02h — Set Cursor Position 148
INT 10h Function 03h — Read Current Cursor Position 149
INT 10h Function 04h — Read Light Pen Position 150
INT 10h Function 05h — Select New Video Page 151
INT 10h Function 06h — Scroll Current Page Up 152
INT 10h Function 07h — Scroll Current Page Down 153
INT 10h Function 08h — Read Character/Attribute from Screen 154
INT 10h Function 09h — Write Character/Attribute to Screen 155
INT 10h Function OAh — Write Character Only to Screen 157
INT 10h Function OBh — Set Color Palette 158
INT 10h Function OCh — Write Pixel 159
INT 10h Function ODh — Read Pixel 160
INT 10h Function OEh — Write Teletype to Active Page 161
INT 10h Function OFh — Return Video Status 163
INT 10h Function 13h — Write String 164
ViH System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table Of Contents, Continued
Error Handling 173
INT 13h Function 18h — Set Media Type for Format 186
12 Fixed Disk Service
Error Handling 195
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers ix
Table Of Contents, Continued
INT 13h Function 06h — Format Bad Track 203
INT 13h Function 07h — Format Drive 204
INT 13h Function 08h — Read Drive Parameters 205
INT 13h Function 09h — Initialize Drive Parameters 206
INT 13h Function OAh — Read Long Sector 207
INT 13h Function OBh — Write Long Sector 208
INT 13h Function OCh — Seek to Cylinder 209
INT 13h Function ODh — Alternate Reset Fixed Disk 210
INT 13h Function OEh — Diagnostics 1: Read Test Buffer 211
INT 13h Function OFh — Diagnostics 2: Write Test Buffer 212
INT 13h Function 10h — Test for Drive Ready 213
INT 13h Function l lh — Recalibrate Drive 214
INT 13 Functionl2h — Controller RAM Diagnostic 215
INT 13h Function 13h — Controller Drive Diagnostic 216
INT 13h Function 14h — Controller Internal Diagnostic 217
INT 13h Function 15h — Read Disk Type 218
13 Serial Communications Service
Error Handling 222
INT 14h Function Olh — Send Character 225
INT 14h Function 02h — Receive Character 226
INT 14h Function 03h — Return Serial Port Status 227
X System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table Of Contents, Continued
14 System Services
Overview 229 INT 15h System Services DSR 231 INT 15h Function 4Fh — Keyboard Intercept 232 INT 15h Function 80h — Device Open 233 INT 15h Function 81h —Device Close 234 INT 15h Function 82h —Program Termination 235 INT 15h Function 83h — Set Event Wait Interval 236 INT 15h Function 84h —Joystick Support 237 INT 15h Function 85h —System Request Key 238 INT 15h Function 86h — Wait 239 INT 15h Function 87h — Move Block 240 INT 15h Function 88h — Read Extended Memory Size 245 INT 15h Function 89h — Switch to Protected Mode 246 15h Function 90h — Device Busy 248 INT 15h Function 91h — Interrupt Complete 249 INT 15h Function COh — Return
System Configuration Parameters Address 250 INT 15h Function Clh — Return
Extended BIOS Data Area Segment Address 251 INT 15h Function C2h — Pointing Device Interface 252 INT 15h Function C3h — Fail-Safe Timer Control 260 INT 15h Function D8h — Access EISA System Information 261
15 Parallel Printer Service
Overview 279 Theory of Operation 280 INT 17h Function 00h —Print Character 283
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers Xi
Table of Contents, Continued
INT 17h Function 01h —Initialize Printer 284
INT 17h Function 02h — Read Printer Status 285
16 Time-of-Day Service
INT lAh Time-of-Day DSR 290
INT 1 Ah Function 00h — Read System Time Counter 291
INT lAh Function 01h —Set System Time Counter 292
INT 1 Ah Function 02h — Read Real-Time Clock Time 293
INT 1 Ah Function 03h — Set Real-Time Clock Time 294
INT 1 Ah Function 04h — Read Real-Time Clock Date 295
INT 1 Ah Function 05h — Set Real-Time Clock Date 296
INT 1 Ah Function 06h — Set Real-Time Clock Alarm 297
INT 1 Ah Function 07h — Reset Real-Time Clock Alarm 298
INT 08h System Timer ISR 299
INT 70h Real-Time Clock ISR 300
INT ICh Timer Tick ISR 301
INT4Ah Alarm ISR 301
XÜ System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table Of Contents, Continued
17 Single-Function Services, cont'd
INT 12h Memory Size DSR 307 INT 18h Process Boot Failure DSR 307 INT 19h Bootstrap Loader DSR 308
A ISA/EISA Error Codes and Messages
Introduction 311 IBM BIOS POST and Boot Messages 312 PhoenixBIOS ISA/EISA POST Messages 313 PhoenixBIOS Run-Time Messages 325
XT BIOS Error Messages
Introduction 327 IBM XT BIOS POST Messages 328 Phoenix XT BIOS POST and Boot Messages 329 Phoenix XT BIOS POST and Boot Messages, Continued 330 Beep Code 331
Phoenix XT BIOS Run-Time Messages 331
Glossary 333
Selected Bibliography 345
• System BIOS for IBM® PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers, Second Edition
The Complete Guide to ROM-Based System Software
P H O E N I X T E C H N O L O G I E S L T D .
J
Don Mills, Ontario Wokingham, England Amsterdam Bonn Sydney Singapore Tokyo Madrid San Juan
Paris Seoul Milan Mexico City Taipei
Table of Contents
Unexpected-Interrupt Handlers 7
Overview 15
Microprocessor 16
I/O Devices 23
Miscellaneous Additional Logic 34
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers V
Table Of Contents, Continued
3 System RAM Data
4 CMOS RAM Data
EISA CMOS RAM Data 52
5 ROM BIOS Data
XT Fixed Disk Parameters Table 66
Baud Rate Initialization Table 68
6 I/O Ports
vi System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table of Contents, Continued
7 Power-On Self Test
Reentry into POST 100
External Math Coprocessor Exceptions 107
INT 02h Nonmaskable Interrupt ISR 108
INT 75h Math Coprocessor Exception ISR 108
9 Keyboard Services
INT 16h Keyboard DSR 127
INT 16h Function 00h — Read Keyboard Input 128
INT 16h Function Olh — Read Keyboard Status 130
INT 16h Function 02h —Return Shift Hag Status 131
INT 16h Function 03h — Set Typematic Rate and Delay 132
INT 16h Function 05h — Store Key Data 133
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers VÜ
Table Of Contents, Continued
9 Keyboard Services, confd
INT 16h Function l lh — Return Extended Keyboard Status 135
INT 16h Function 12h — Return Extended Shift Flags 136
10 Video Service
INT 10h Function 00h — Set Video Mode 145
INT 10h Function Olh —Set Cursor Type 146
INT 10h Function 02h — Set Cursor Position 148
INT 10h Function 03h — Read Current Cursor Position 149
INT 10h Function 04h — Read Light Pen Position 150
INT 10h Function 05h — Select New Video Page 151
INT 10h Function 06h — Scroll Current Page Up 152
INT 10h Function 07h — Scroll Current Page Down 153
INT 10h Function 08h — Read Character/Attribute from Screen 154
INT 10h Function 09h — Write Character/Attribute to Screen 155
INT 10h Function OAh — Write Character Only to Screen 157
INT 10h Function OBh — Set Color Palette 158
INT 10h Function OCh — Write Pixel 159
INT 10h Function ODh — Read Pixel 160
INT 10h Function OEh — Write Teletype to Active Page 161
INT 10h Function OFh — Return Video Status 163
INT 10h Function 13h — Write String 164
ViH System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table Of Contents, Continued
Error Handling 173
INT 13h Function 18h — Set Media Type for Format 186
12 Fixed Disk Service
Error Handling 195
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers ix
Table Of Contents, Continued
INT 13h Function 06h — Format Bad Track 203
INT 13h Function 07h — Format Drive 204
INT 13h Function 08h — Read Drive Parameters 205
INT 13h Function 09h — Initialize Drive Parameters 206
INT 13h Function OAh — Read Long Sector 207
INT 13h Function OBh — Write Long Sector 208
INT 13h Function OCh — Seek to Cylinder 209
INT 13h Function ODh — Alternate Reset Fixed Disk 210
INT 13h Function OEh — Diagnostics 1: Read Test Buffer 211
INT 13h Function OFh — Diagnostics 2: Write Test Buffer 212
INT 13h Function 10h — Test for Drive Ready 213
INT 13h Function l lh — Recalibrate Drive 214
INT 13 Functionl2h — Controller RAM Diagnostic 215
INT 13h Function 13h — Controller Drive Diagnostic 216
INT 13h Function 14h — Controller Internal Diagnostic 217
INT 13h Function 15h — Read Disk Type 218
13 Serial Communications Service
Error Handling 222
INT 14h Function Olh — Send Character 225
INT 14h Function 02h — Receive Character 226
INT 14h Function 03h — Return Serial Port Status 227
X System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table Of Contents, Continued
14 System Services
Overview 229 INT 15h System Services DSR 231 INT 15h Function 4Fh — Keyboard Intercept 232 INT 15h Function 80h — Device Open 233 INT 15h Function 81h —Device Close 234 INT 15h Function 82h —Program Termination 235 INT 15h Function 83h — Set Event Wait Interval 236 INT 15h Function 84h —Joystick Support 237 INT 15h Function 85h —System Request Key 238 INT 15h Function 86h — Wait 239 INT 15h Function 87h — Move Block 240 INT 15h Function 88h — Read Extended Memory Size 245 INT 15h Function 89h — Switch to Protected Mode 246 15h Function 90h — Device Busy 248 INT 15h Function 91h — Interrupt Complete 249 INT 15h Function COh — Return
System Configuration Parameters Address 250 INT 15h Function Clh — Return
Extended BIOS Data Area Segment Address 251 INT 15h Function C2h — Pointing Device Interface 252 INT 15h Function C3h — Fail-Safe Timer Control 260 INT 15h Function D8h — Access EISA System Information 261
15 Parallel Printer Service
Overview 279 Theory of Operation 280 INT 17h Function 00h —Print Character 283
System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers Xi
Table of Contents, Continued
INT 17h Function 01h —Initialize Printer 284
INT 17h Function 02h — Read Printer Status 285
16 Time-of-Day Service
INT lAh Time-of-Day DSR 290
INT 1 Ah Function 00h — Read System Time Counter 291
INT lAh Function 01h —Set System Time Counter 292
INT 1 Ah Function 02h — Read Real-Time Clock Time 293
INT 1 Ah Function 03h — Set Real-Time Clock Time 294
INT 1 Ah Function 04h — Read Real-Time Clock Date 295
INT 1 Ah Function 05h — Set Real-Time Clock Date 296
INT 1 Ah Function 06h — Set Real-Time Clock Alarm 297
INT 1 Ah Function 07h — Reset Real-Time Clock Alarm 298
INT 08h System Timer ISR 299
INT 70h Real-Time Clock ISR 300
INT ICh Timer Tick ISR 301
INT4Ah Alarm ISR 301
XÜ System BIOS for IBM PCs, Compatibles, and EISA Computers
Table Of Contents, Continued
17 Single-Function Services, cont'd
INT 12h Memory Size DSR 307 INT 18h Process Boot Failure DSR 307 INT 19h Bootstrap Loader DSR 308
A ISA/EISA Error Codes and Messages
Introduction 311 IBM BIOS POST and Boot Messages 312 PhoenixBIOS ISA/EISA POST Messages 313 PhoenixBIOS Run-Time Messages 325
XT BIOS Error Messages
Introduction 327 IBM XT BIOS POST Messages 328 Phoenix XT BIOS POST and Boot Messages 329 Phoenix XT BIOS POST and Boot Messages, Continued 330 Beep Code 331
Phoenix XT BIOS Run-Time Messages 331
Glossary 333
Selected Bibliography 345
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