Syed Mehdi

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Topic

Computer

 Presentation

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A computer is a programmable machine. Thetwo principal characteristics of a computer are:it responds to a specific set of instructions in a

well-defined manner and it can execute aprerecorded list of instructions (aprogram).

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 First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes 

First generation computers relied on machinelanguage, the lowest-level programming

language understood by computers, to performoperations, and they could only solve oneproblem at a time. Input was based onpunched cards and paper tape, and output was

displayed on printouts. 

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Second-generation computers moved fromcryptic binary machine language to symbolic,or assembly, languages, which allowedprogrammers to specify instructions inwords. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such asearly versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.These were also the first computers that stored

their instructions in their memory, whichmoved from a magnetic drum to magnetic coretechnology.

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The development of the integrated circuit wasthe hallmark of the third generation ofcomputers. Transistors were miniaturized and

placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors,which drastically increased the speed andefficiency of computers.

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In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer forthe home user, and in 1984 Apple introducedthe Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved

out of the realm of desktop computers and intomany areas of life as more and more everydayproducts began to use microprocessors.

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1. Used in parallel

2. In this Generation we uses Superconductors.

3. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to

develop devices that respond to naturallanguage input and are capable of learning andself-organization.

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1. Hard ware2. Soft ware

  And3. Networking

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 Hardware is best described as a device that isphysically connected to the computer orsomething that can be physically touched.

A CD-ROM, monitor,printer, and video cardare all examples of computer hardware.Without any hardware your computer wouldnot exist and software would have nothing to

run on.

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  Software is a general term used to describe a collectionof computer programs, procedures, anddocumentation that perform some task on a computersystem. Practical computer systems divide software

systems into three major classes:systemsoftware, programming software, and applicationsoftware, Software is an ordered sequence ofinstructions for changing the state of the computerhardware in a particular sequence. It is usually written

in high-level programming languages that are easierand more efficient for humans to use (closer to naturallanguage) than machine language. High-levellanguages are compiled or interpreted into machinelanguage object code.

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In the world of computers, networking  is thepractice of linking two or more computingdevices together for the purpose of sharing

data. Networks are built with a mix ofcomputer hardware and computer software.

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Thanks