Sydney presentation

Sydney, AustraliaSydney, Australia

• Bordered by the Pacific Bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Blue Ocean to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the Hawkesbury River to the north and the Royal north and the Royal National Park to the south.National Park to the south.

• Capital of New Capital of New South Wales. South Wales.• Most populous Most populous city.city.

• The urban area, The urban area, which which is 1.687 km is 1.687 km22 (651 sq (651 sq mi), is surrounded by mi), is surrounded by

approximately 70 approximately 70 harbors and harbors and beaches. beaches. One of it’s most One of it’s most famous famous is the Bondi Beach. is the Bondi Beach.

• It sits on a It sits on a submergent submergent coastline. coastline.

• Sydney covers Sydney covers two regions: the two regions: the Cumberland Cumberland Plain - a mostly Plain - a mostly flat region to flat region to the south and the south and west of the west of the harbor, and the harbor, and the Hornsby Plateau Hornsby Plateau - a sandstone - a sandstone plateau to the plateau to the north of the north of the harbor and full harbor and full of steep valleys. of steep valleys.

• Sydney has a temperate climate and due Sydney has a temperate climate and due to to proximity of the ocean the weather is proximity of the ocean the weather is moderated, moderated, while the more extreme temperatures while the more extreme temperatures occur in occur in the inland western suburbs. the inland western suburbs.

• Sydney is Sydney is in in the rain- the rain- shadow of shadow of the Blue the Blue Mountains.Mountains.

ClimateClimate• Due to being located in the southern hemisphere, Due to being located in the southern hemisphere,

summers and winters are reversed.summers and winters are reversed.• January is the warmest month, with an average January is the warmest month, with an average

temperature range of 18.6-25.8°C (65-78°F). temperature range of 18.6-25.8°C (65-78°F). • July is the coldest month, with an average July is the coldest month, with an average

temperature range of 8.0-16.2°C (46-61°F).temperature range of 8.0-16.2°C (46-61°F).• Only about fifteen days a year have temperatures of Only about fifteen days a year have temperatures of

more than 30°C (86.0°F). more than 30°C (86.0°F). • Winter temperatures rarely drop below 5°C (41°F) in Winter temperatures rarely drop below 5°C (41°F) in

the coastal areas. the coastal areas. • Rainfall occurs pretty evenly throughout the year, Rainfall occurs pretty evenly throughout the year,

with an average annual rainfall of 1,217 mm (48 in). with an average annual rainfall of 1,217 mm (48 in). • The last reported snowfall in Sydney was in 1836.The last reported snowfall in Sydney was in 1836.• The ocean is 19°C (66°F) in July to 24°C (75°F) in The ocean is 19°C (66°F) in July to 24°C (75°F) in

January. January.

Climate, cont.Climate, cont.• The The El Niño El Niño Southern Oscillation is an important part of Southern Oscillation is an important part of

Sydney’s weather patterns. Resulting in drought and Sydney’s weather patterns. Resulting in drought and bushfires or storms and flooding on opposite phases of the bushfires or storms and flooding on opposite phases of the oscillation. oscillation.

• Much like here, bushfires tend to occur during spring and Much like here, bushfires tend to occur during spring and summer - affecting areas of the city that border bushland. summer - affecting areas of the city that border bushland.

• Sydney is also prone to severe hail storms and wind storms. Sydney is also prone to severe hail storms and wind storms. Such as the 1999 hailstorm – which damaged eastern Such as the 1999 hailstorm – which damaged eastern suburbs with hailstones of at least 9 cm (3.5 in) diameter. In suburbs with hailstones of at least 9 cm (3.5 in) diameter. In February 2010 Sydney had the some of the highest rainfall February 2010 Sydney had the some of the highest rainfall recorded in 25 years that resulted in flash flooding. recorded in 25 years that resulted in flash flooding.

• In 2002-2005 Sydney had the warmest summers since In 2002-2005 Sydney had the warmest summers since records began in 1859, the following summer of 2007-08 records began in 1859, the following summer of 2007-08 was one of the coolest on record. 2009 and 2010 saw was one of the coolest on record. 2009 and 2010 saw warmer and drier conditions with above average warmer and drier conditions with above average temperatures. These dry conditions of 2009 brought a temperatures. These dry conditions of 2009 brought a severe dust storm towards eastern Australia. 2011 had severe dust storm towards eastern Australia. 2011 had above average rainfall. above average rainfall.

• First settled First settled by the British, by the British, then later by then later by the French.the French.

• Main spoken Main spoken language is English. language is English. Slang is somewhere Slang is somewhere between Queen’s between Queen’s English (Britain) and English (Britain) and American English. American English.

HistoryHistory• Radio carbon dating suggests the region of Sydney has Radio carbon dating suggests the region of Sydney has

been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years.30,000 years.

• The Cadigal people are the traditional indigenous The Cadigal people are the traditional indigenous inhabitants of Sydney Cove. Though population inhabitants of Sydney Cove. Though population estimates prior to the First Fleet arrival in 1788 are estimates prior to the First Fleet arrival in 1788 are suspect, ~4,000-8,000 Aboriginal people lived in the suspect, ~4,000-8,000 Aboriginal people lived in the Sydney region prior to contact with the British. Sydney region prior to contact with the British.

• Aboriginal people were called “Eora” by the British Aboriginal people were called “Eora” by the British settlers because when asked where they came from they settlers because when asked where they came from they answered “eora,” meaning “from this place.” answered “eora,” meaning “from this place.”

• There were three main language groups that were then There were three main language groups that were then divided into dialects spoken by smaller clans. Darug (a divided into dialects spoken by smaller clans. Darug (a coastal dialect spoken by the Cadigal), Dharawal and coastal dialect spoken by the Cadigal), Dharawal and Guringai. Guringai.

• Due to urbanization most of the evidence of these Due to urbanization most of the evidence of these indigenous settlements was destroyed. However a indigenous settlements was destroyed. However a number of rock engravings, carvings and rock art are still number of rock engravings, carvings and rock art are still visible in the Hawkesbury sandstone of the Sydney basin. visible in the Hawkesbury sandstone of the Sydney basin.

History, cont.History, cont.• James Cook landed in Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula in James Cook landed in Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula in

1770. This was the first contact with the Aboriginals (specifically 1770. This was the first contact with the Aboriginals (specifically the Gweagal) in this region. the Gweagal) in this region.

• A convict settlement was founded by Arthur Phillip at Sydney A convict settlement was founded by Arthur Phillip at Sydney Cove on Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. Cove on Port Jackson on 26 January 1788.

• A catastrophic epidemic disease spread through the region in A catastrophic epidemic disease spread through the region in April 1789 and decimated the indigenous populations. This April 1789 and decimated the indigenous populations. This disease was thought to be smallpox and widely believed to be disease was thought to be smallpox and widely believed to be caused by the British settlers, as the indigenous population had caused by the British settlers, as the indigenous population had no previous exposure to European diseases. Leading to a no previous exposure to European diseases. Leading to a population reduction of an estimated 500-1000 Aboriginal population reduction of an estimated 500-1000 Aboriginal people in the early 1880s. people in the early 1880s.

• There was violent resistance to British settlement in the area There was violent resistance to British settlement in the area around Botany Bay and the area surrounding the Hawkesbury around Botany Bay and the area surrounding the Hawkesbury River.River.

• Governor Macquarie, the first governor, improved Sydney with Governor Macquarie, the first governor, improved Sydney with the construction of roads, bridges, wharves and public buildings, the construction of roads, bridges, wharves and public buildings, built by British and Irish convicts. He also began a campaign to built by British and Irish convicts. He also began a campaign to “civilize, Christianize and educate” the Aborigines by removing “civilize, Christianize and educate” the Aborigines by removing them from their clans. them from their clans.

History, cont.History, cont.• By 1822 Sydney had banks, markets, well-established By 1822 Sydney had banks, markets, well-established

thoroughfares and an organized constabulary. thoroughfares and an organized constabulary. • The 1830-40s saw urban development, with the first The 1830-40s saw urban development, with the first

suburbs, due to rapid growth by immigrants from suburbs, due to rapid growth by immigrants from Britain and Ireland. Britain and Ireland.

• On 20 July 1842 Sydney was the declared the first city On 20 July 1842 Sydney was the declared the first city in Australia, with John Hosking the first elected mayor. in Australia, with John Hosking the first elected mayor.

• In 1851 the first of several gold rushes began. These In 1851 the first of several gold rushes began. These lead to Sydney overtaking Melbourne in population and lead to Sydney overtaking Melbourne in population and financial growth.financial growth.

• Due to the introduction of steam-powered tramways Due to the introduction of steam-powered tramways and railways rapid suburban development began in the and railways rapid suburban development began in the late 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th century late 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th century the population had reached more than a million. the population had reached more than a million.

• Following World War II, Sydney continued to expand Following World War II, Sydney continued to expand due to immigration by Europeans and Asians in the due to immigration by Europeans and Asians in the metropolitan area. Sydney is still expanding today.metropolitan area. Sydney is still expanding today.

Population Density Map Population Density Map June 2011June 2011

• Approximate Approximate population of population of 4.6 million 4.6 million people (June people (June 2010).2010).

• Urban area is Urban area is full of full of skyscrapers, skyscrapers, while the while the suburban areas suburban areas are typically 2-are typically 2-3 story houses.3 story houses.

Statistics! Statistics! From 2006 censusFrom 2006 census

• 4,119,190 people are residents of Sydney.4,119,190 people are residents of Sydney.• 3,641,422 of them live in Sydney’s Urban Centre. 3,641,422 of them live in Sydney’s Urban Centre. • Inner Sydney is the most densely populated place in Australia, Inner Sydney is the most densely populated place in Australia,

with 4,023 people per square kilometer (10,420/sqmi). with 4,023 people per square kilometer (10,420/sqmi). • The most common self-identified ancestries for Sydney The most common self-identified ancestries for Sydney

residents were: Australian, English, Irish, Scottish and residents were: Australian, English, Irish, Scottish and Chinese. Only 1.1% identified as being of indigenous origin, Chinese. Only 1.1% identified as being of indigenous origin, while 31.7% were born overseas. while 31.7% were born overseas.

• 75% of Sydney’s annual population growth are immigrants. 75% of Sydney’s annual population growth are immigrants. Mainly from the United Kingdom, China, New Zealand, Mainly from the United Kingdom, China, New Zealand, Vietnam, Lebanon, India, Italy and the Philippines. Vietnam, Lebanon, India, Italy and the Philippines.

• The median age of residents is 34.The median age of residents is 34.• 12% of the population is over 65 years old. 12% of the population is over 65 years old. • 64% identified as Christian, 14.1% no religion, 10.4% left the 64% identified as Christian, 14.1% no religion, 10.4% left the

question blank, 4.4% as Muslim, 3.7% as Buddhist, 1.7% as question blank, 4.4% as Muslim, 3.7% as Buddhist, 1.7% as Hindu and 0.9% as Jewish. Hindu and 0.9% as Jewish.

Statistics!Statistics!EconomicsEconomics

• Sydney is the financial and economic hub of Australia. Sydney is the financial and economic hub of Australia. • Beating out Melbourne, which had been the financial Beating out Melbourne, which had been the financial

hub before, due mostly to the gold rushes. hub before, due mostly to the gold rushes. • Since the 1980s jobs have moved from manufacturing Since the 1980s jobs have moved from manufacturing

to the services and information sectors. to the services and information sectors. • Provides approximately 25% of Australia’s total GDP. Provides approximately 25% of Australia’s total GDP. • Houses more than half of the country’s top companies, Houses more than half of the country’s top companies,

the regional headquarters for about 500 multinational the regional headquarters for about 500 multinational corporations and the headquarters of 90 different corporations and the headquarters of 90 different banks. As well as the Australian Securities Exchange banks. As well as the Australian Securities Exchange and the reserve bank of Australia. Fox Studios and the reserve bank of Australia. Fox Studios Australia also has a large film studios in the city. Australia also has a large film studios in the city.

• The unemployment rate was 4.9% as of 2004. The unemployment rate was 4.9% as of 2004. • The 16The 16thth most expensive city in the world to live in. most expensive city in the world to live in. • Also ranks as the 15Also ranks as the 15thth in the world for net earnings. in the world for net earnings. • 12% (~$1billion per annum) of the total agricultural 12% (~$1billion per annum) of the total agricultural

production of NSW comes from the Sydney region. production of NSW comes from the Sydney region.

GovernmentGovernment• Australia was a colony of Britain, and has a Australia was a colony of Britain, and has a

government modeled after the British government modeled after the British government. Still accepts the Queen of England government. Still accepts the Queen of England as their queen, she’s even on their money. as their queen, she’s even on their money.

• The Sydney metropolitan area has no overall The Sydney metropolitan area has no overall governing body. The Cumberland County Council governing body. The Cumberland County Council from 1945-1964 had a limited role, but failed. from 1945-1964 had a limited role, but failed.

• The metropolitan area is divided into local The metropolitan area is divided into local government areas, much like the boroughs in government areas, much like the boroughs in cities such as London and New York. cities such as London and New York.

• Elected councils are responsible for functions Elected councils are responsible for functions delegated to them by the New South Wales State delegated to them by the New South Wales State Government.Government.

FoodFood

• With a high With a high immigrant immigrant population, population, Australia’s Australia’s food has food has changed changed over the over the years.years.

• Lamb is a staple Lamb is a staple food, and can food, and can be found in be found in everything from everything from a hamburger to a hamburger to lamb steaks to lamb steaks to curry.curry.

• The most famous, and certainly most The most famous, and certainly most popular, food is the meat pie.popular, food is the meat pie.

Food, Food, cont.cont.

• Being right Being right next to the next to the ocean, the ocean, the seafood seafood selection is selection is varied and varied and extensive.extensive.

• Barbeques (better know as Barbeques (better know as “barbie”) are a common practice, “barbie”) are a common practice, both for family weekend gatherings both for family weekend gatherings and as community events. and as community events.

• A “Sausage Sizzler” is a popular A “Sausage Sizzler” is a popular barbeque meal, where sausages barbeque meal, where sausages and onions are served on white and onions are served on white bread with tomato sauce or bread with tomato sauce or barbeque sauce. These are barbeque sauce. These are common at fund raising for schools common at fund raising for schools and local communities.and local communities.

Sydney Harbor Sydney Harbor BridgeBridge

Sydney Opera HouseSydney Opera House

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• http://www.jaunted.com/story/2009/9/25/5530/38358/travel/Sydney+Takes+%27Shhttp://www.jaunted.com/story/2009/9/25/5530/38358/travel/Sydney+Takes+%27Shrimp+On+A+Barbie%27+Seriously+During+International+Food+Festrimp+On+A+Barbie%27+Seriously+During+International+Food+Fest• http://travel.roro44.com/en/the-beauty-sydney-australia-89.htmlhttp://travel.roro44.com/en/the-beauty-sydney-australia-89.html

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0/735A104E4E83C6E2CA256CF40001D92A/$File/20160_2001.pdf (*)0/735A104E4E83C6E2CA256CF40001D92A/$File/20160_2001.pdf (*)• http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nsw/20060201.shtmlhttp://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nsw/20060201.shtml• http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/TopicList?http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/TopicList?

newmethod=Place+of+Usual+Residence&newtopic=Ancestry&newproductlabel=Ancestrnewmethod=Place+of+Usual+Residence&newtopic=Ancestry&newproductlabel=Ancestry+%28Region%29+by+Country+of+Birth+of+Parents&submitbutton=Select+Location+y+%28Region%29+by+Country+of+Birth+of+Parents&submitbutton=Select+Location+%3E&collection=Census&period=2006&areacode=&geography=&method=Place+of+Us%3E&collection=Census&period=2006&areacode=&geography=&method=Place+of+Usual+Residence&productlabel=&producttype=&topic=Ancestry&navmapdisplayed=true&jual+Residence&productlabel=&producttype=&topic=Ancestry&navmapdisplayed=true&javascript=true&breadcrumb=T&topholder=0&leftholder=0&currentaction=301&action=avascript=true&breadcrumb=T&topholder=0&leftholder=0&currentaction=301&action=104&textversion=false104&textversion=false

• http://www.jaunted.com/story/2009/9/25/5530/38358/travel/Sydney+Takes+http://www.jaunted.com/story/2009/9/25/5530/38358/travel/Sydney+Takes+%27Shrimp+On+A+Barbie%27+Seriously+During+International+Food+Fest%27Shrimp+On+A+Barbie%27+Seriously+During+International+Food+Fest

• http://travel.roro44.com/en/the-beauty-sydney-australia-89.htmlhttp://travel.roro44.com/en/the-beauty-sydney-australia-89.html