Sustainable Energy. Contents Introduction. Introduction. Consumption of energy tabels. Consumption of energy tabels. The importance of energy reduction.

Sustainable EnergySustainable Energy

ContentsContents

Introduction.Introduction. Consumption of energy tabels.Consumption of energy tabels. The importance of energy reduction.The importance of energy reduction. A way of sustainable energy. A way of sustainable energy. Conclusion.Conclusion.

IntroductionIntroductionSustainable energy sources are Sustainable energy sources are

energy sources which are not expected energy sources which are not expected to be depleted in a timeframe relevant to be depleted in a timeframe relevant to the human race, and which therefore to the human race, and which therefore contribute to the sustainability of all contribute to the sustainability of all species. This concept is termed species. This concept is termed sustainability. sustainability.

Sustainable energy sources are Sustainable energy sources are most often regarded as including all most often regarded as including all renewable sources, such as solar power, renewable sources, such as solar power, wind power, wave power, geothermal wind power, wave power, geothermal power, tidal power, and others.power, tidal power, and others.

Fission power and fusion power Fission power and fusion power meet the definition of sustainability, but meet the definition of sustainability, but there is controversy over whether or not there is controversy over whether or not they should be regarded as sustainable they should be regarded as sustainable for social and political reasons.for social and political reasons.

Energy Consumption Energy Consumption TablesTables

ItalyItalyThe use of energy

56%32%

12%

Heating Transport Other

Weekly energy consumption in Italy

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Electri

c sto

ve

Fridge

Freez

er

Dishwas

her

Hot w

ater

Light

ing

Heatin

g

TV,DVD,e

tc.

Compu

ter

Was

hing

mac

hine

Drying

cabin

et

Batte

ryloa

der

Trans

port

(Car

)Iro

n

Hair D

ryer

Radio,

CD P

layer

, etc…

Toaste

r

Micr

owav

e ov

en

KW

att

Ho

ur

HollandHolland9%

23%

68%

transport

heating

electricity

Weekly energy consumption in Holland

0,00

200,00

400,00

600,00

800,00

1000,00

1200,00

stove

fridg

e

freez

er

dishw

asher

hot w

ater

light

ing

heati

ng

tv,dv

d

com

pute

r

washin

g mac

hdr

yer

batt l

oadot

her

SwedenSwedenWeekly energy use (total 756 kWh)

16%

43%

41%

Electricity Heating Transports

Weekly electricity use

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

kWh

RomaniaRomaniatypes of energy

8%

35%

57%

total electrical utilities transport heating (total)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

fridg

e

freez

er

fridg

e-fre

ezer

electr

ic wat

erhe

ater

incan

desc

ent la

mp

fluor

esce

nt la

mp

com

pact

fluor

esce

nt la

mp

TV, DVD, v

ideo,

etc

com

pute

r, pr

inter

, sca

nner

washin

g m

achin

e

bate

rry lo

ader

s

toas

ter

iron

hair

drye

rs

micr

owav

es

food

pro

cess

or

vacu

um cl

eane

r

radio

, CD-p

layer

, etc

othe

rs

energy

uti

lity

Serie1

PolandPoland

44%

46%

10%

electrical appliances heating fuel/oil

153

17 2412 12 11 6,5 4 1,6 1,4 1,4 7 1,4 1,7 0,4 0,6 3

420430

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

elec

tric

wat

erhea

ter

bulbs

elec

tric

cooke

r

com

puter a

nd prin

ter

was

hing m

ashin

e

tv, v

ideo

fridge

elec

tric

kettl

e

radio

, cas

sette

pla

yer,

cd p

laye

r

hair d

ryer

vacu

m c

lean

er

dishw

asher

mic

row

ave

anoth

er e

quipm

ent

mobil

phone ch

arger

toas

ter

iron

heatin

g

oil (c

ar)

kind of electric equipment

kWh

Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

Why should we be Why should we be sustainable?sustainable?

Current observational effectsCurrent observational effects

The melting of glaciers, which causes The melting of glaciers, which causes drought in higher altitude regions.drought in higher altitude regions.


The increased number of glacial lakes, The increased number of glacial lakes, resulting in a higher sea level.resulting in a higher sea level.


The increased ground instability in The increased ground instability in permafrost regions and rock avalanches permafrost regions and rock avalanches in mountain regions.in mountain regions.


The warming of The warming of lakes and rivers, lakes and rivers, which become which become more receptive to more receptive to viruses and viruses and parasites, making parasites, making it unable to drink.it unable to drink.


The acidification of the sea by 0.1 pH.The acidification of the sea by 0.1 pH.


The increased frequency of forest fires.The increased frequency of forest fires.


The earlier timing of spring events, such as The earlier timing of spring events, such as leaf unfolding.leaf unfolding.


The extinction of many species.The extinction of many species.


The increased heat related mortality to The increased heat related mortality to humans.humans.


The higher spreading of infectious The higher spreading of infectious diseases.diseases.

The FutureThe Future By mid-century, in tropical and wet areas an By mid-century, in tropical and wet areas an

increase between 10 and 40 percent of available increase between 10 and 40 percent of available water is expected, while a decrease between 10 water is expected, while a decrease between 10 to 30 percent in dry areas.to 30 percent in dry areas.

In the course of the century there will be reduced In the course of the century there will be reduced water availability in regions supplied by melt water availability in regions supplied by melt water. This covers an area where more than one water. This covers an area where more than one billion people live.billion people live.

Increased flood risk.Increased flood risk. By mid-century, a peak of the uptake of carbon By mid-century, a peak of the uptake of carbon

dioxide by ecosystems will take place, which after dioxide by ecosystems will take place, which after that, will decrease, or even reverse.that, will decrease, or even reverse.

The FutureThe Future Roughly 20 to 30 percent of the plant and Roughly 20 to 30 percent of the plant and

animal species will face extinction within animal species will face extinction within the next century.the next century.

The relocation of species with negative The relocation of species with negative consequences for biodiversity.consequences for biodiversity.

Many millions are projected to flood every Many millions are projected to flood every year due to sea-level rise by the 2080’s.year due to sea-level rise by the 2080’s.

Economic repression, and even downfall, Economic repression, and even downfall, of all countries affected by climate of all countries affected by climate change, since investments have to be change, since investments have to be made for the adaptation to the new made for the adaptation to the new climate.climate.

The FutureThe Future

The Oil problemThe Oil problem

The Gas problemThe Gas problem

We use 13132 million litres of oil per day

Supply 210,834 trillion litres

Within the next 44 years our oil will be depleted

Supply 172.8 trillion cubic meters

We use 2.819 trillion cubic meters per year.

Within the next 61 years our gas will be depleted

Vision on sustainable energyVision on sustainable energyAlmere-Hout Almere-Hout

The NetherlandsThe Netherlands

Aim on sustainable energyAim on sustainable energy

Almere lies about 25 km from Amsterdam.Almere lies about 25 km from Amsterdam. Almere-Hout is a new housing district and is Almere-Hout is a new housing district and is

a part of the city of Almere.a part of the city of Almere. Aim for Almere-Hout:Aim for Almere-Hout:

Sustainable energy for 15.000 houses and Sustainable energy for 15.000 houses and industry.industry.To be realised over the next 12 years.To be realised over the next 12 years.

Ambitions for sustainable energyAmbitions for sustainable energy

Use of possible energy supply variables.Use of possible energy supply variables. Reduction of (fossil) energy. Reduction of (fossil) energy. Reduction of CO2 emission.Reduction of CO2 emission.

There are two energy performance There are two energy performance indications to express the aim of the indications to express the aim of the reduction:reduction:-EPC = energy performance coefficient.-EPC = energy performance coefficient.-EPL = energy performance on locations.-EPL = energy performance on locations.

Energy Performance CoefficientEnergy Performance Coefficient

This means energy performance for one This means energy performance for one building.building.

It is expressed by a number.It is expressed by a number. Momentarily this number is 1 (one).Momentarily this number is 1 (one). The aim is: 0,8 = 20% reduction.The aim is: 0,8 = 20% reduction. EPC is focussed on energy use for house EPC is focussed on energy use for house

heating and limited use of electricity.heating and limited use of electricity.

Energy Performance on LocationEnergy Performance on Location

Energy performance for a district.Energy performance for a district. It has a ranking from 0 to 10.It has a ranking from 0 to 10. The higher the ranking, the better the The higher the ranking, the better the

performance.performance. EPL is a measure for CO2 emission of a EPL is a measure for CO2 emission of a

location due to energy use on the buildings location due to energy use on the buildings of that location.of that location.

10 means complete energy supply.10 means complete energy supply. Ambition: 50% CO2 reduction = EPL 7.Ambition: 50% CO2 reduction = EPL 7.

Sustainable energy formsSustainable energy forms

Possible energy forms that can be used are:Possible energy forms that can be used are:-Ecogas.-Ecogas.-Biomass power station.-Biomass power station.-Fuel cell.-Fuel cell.-Green energy.-Green energy.-Individual/collective heat pump.-Individual/collective heat pump.

EcogasEcogas

Ecogas is a replacement for fossil fuel by Ecogas is a replacement for fossil fuel by waste gas from agriculture farms, garbage waste gas from agriculture farms, garbage locations, sewer installations etc.locations, sewer installations etc.

By recycling this waste gas to ecogas, the By recycling this waste gas to ecogas, the emission of CO2 will be prevented and also emission of CO2 will be prevented and also the use of fossil fuel will be stopped. the use of fossil fuel will be stopped.

Ecogas is not yet available.Ecogas is not yet available.

BiomassBiomass

Biomass is a collective term for all kinds of Biomass is a collective term for all kinds of organic materials, e.g. wood, grass and organic materials, e.g. wood, grass and manure.manure.

A biomass power station has to be build for A biomass power station has to be build for the location of Almere-Hout.the location of Almere-Hout.

All houses have to be connected to a heat All houses have to be connected to a heat net.net.

Supply of heat and electricity comes from a Supply of heat and electricity comes from a central biomass power station. central biomass power station.

Fuel cells Fuel cells

A fuel cell is a ‘battery’. The battery will be A fuel cell is a ‘battery’. The battery will be charged with sustainable energy for charged with sustainable energy for instance from ecogas. The energy in the instance from ecogas. The energy in the battery can be used for heat and electricity. battery can be used for heat and electricity.

All houses possibly have to be installed with All houses possibly have to be installed with fuel cells.fuel cells.

Green energyGreen energy

Green energy is electricity produced by Green energy is electricity produced by windmills, waterpower and solarcells.windmills, waterpower and solarcells.

In Almere and surroundings the use of In Almere and surroundings the use of windmills is widely practiced.windmills is widely practiced.

Individual/collective waterpumpIndividual/collective waterpump

An electrical waterpump connected to a low An electrical waterpump connected to a low temperature water-net. The water-net temperature water-net. The water-net supplies the energy source for the supplies the energy source for the waterpump. The waterpump is used to heat waterpump. The waterpump is used to heat the water in the houses. the water in the houses.

CostsCosts

To reach an EPL of 0,8 it is estimated that To reach an EPL of 0,8 it is estimated that the costs per house will be 6000,- Euro the costs per house will be 6000,- Euro above normal costs for a house to build.above normal costs for a house to build.

This means that the energy costs for the This means that the energy costs for the residents will be higher than normal.residents will be higher than normal.

Policy has to be developed to prevent higher Policy has to be developed to prevent higher costs for the residents in this project. costs for the residents in this project.

Sustainable Energy. Contents Introduction. Introduction. Consumption of energy tabels. Consumption of energy tabels. The importance of energy reduction.

Documents

sustainable energy slide

depleted slide

romania slide

netherlands slide

sweden slide

poland slide

holland slide

current observational