SUSE: Software Defined Storage

Software Defined StoragePowered by Ceph

Olaf KirchDirector SUSE Linux Enterprise, SUSE R&D

[email protected]

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Current Enterprise Data Storage Market

More data to store•business needs•more data driven processes•more applications•e-commerce

More data to store•business needs•more data driven processes•more applications•e-commerce

Bigger data to store•richer media types•presentations, images, video

Bigger data to store•richer media types•presentations, images, video

For longer•regulations / compliance needs•business intelligence needs

For longer•regulations / compliance needs•business intelligence needs

2000 2014

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While you think about Storage...

• ... can you also make it‒ more scalable

‒ more fault tolerant

‒ more flexible?

• Sure! For here or to go?

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Today's Storage Arrays

• Limits:‒ Tightly controlled

environment

‒ Limited scalability

‒ Few options

‒ Only certain approved drives

‒ Constrained number of disk slots

‒ Few memory variations

‒ Only very few networking choices

‒ Typically fixed controller and CPU

• Benefits:‒ Reasonably easy to

understand

‒ Long-term experience and “gut instincts”

‒ Somewhat deterministic behavior and pricing

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What about Better File Systems?

• Layered on top of your block storage, providing‒ scalability

‒ fault tolerance

• Most of the time, it's an either-or decision‒ separation of data and metadata (pNFS, glusterfs)

‒ clustering (ocfs2, gfs2)

‒ ... they require special drivers in your favorite OS

‒ ... and they all want to talk to a storage array

• Recent evolution‒ HDFS (underlying FS of Hadoop)

Software Defined Block Storage?

© Nhobgood (CC-BY-SA)

What is Ceph?

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From 10,000 Meters

[1] As per 2014 OpenStack user survey

• Open Source Distributed Storage solution

• Most popular choice of distributed storage for

OpenStack[1]

• Lots of goodies‒ Distributed Object Storage

‒ Redundancy

‒ Efficient Scale-Out

‒ Extensible

‒ Can be built on commodity hardware

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From 1,000 meters

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Not for the Faint of Heart

• At the core of Ceph is a PhD Thesis‒ http://ceph.com/papers/weil-crush-sc06.pdf

• Goals:‒ no bottlenecks

‒ no single point of failure

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Several Ingredients

• Distributed‒ Coarse grained partitioning of storage supports policy based

mapping (don't put all copies of my data in one rack)

‒ Topology map and Rules allow clients to “compute” the exact location of any storage object

• Redundancy‒ Achieved by data replication

• Flexibility‒ Multiple Storage “Pools” can be defined with different

parameters

Some Basic Concepts

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For a Moment, Zooming to Atom Level

FS

Disk

OSD Object Storage Daemon

File System (btrfs, xfs)

Physical Disk

● OSDs serve storage objects to clients● Peer to perform replication and recovery

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Put Several of These in One Node

FS

Disk

OSD

FS

Disk

OSD

FS

Disk

OSD

FS

Disk

OSD

FS

Disk

OSD

FS

Disk

OSD

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Mix In a Few Monitor Nodes

M • Monitors are the brain cells of the cluster‒ Cluster Membership‒ Consensus for Distributed Decision Making

• Do not serve stored objects to clients

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Voilà, a Small RADOS Cluster

M MM

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Linux Host

RADOS Block Device

M MM

M

krbd librados

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RADOS Block Device

• Disk images are striped across (parts of) the cluster

• Supports‒ Snapshot and rollback

‒ COW cloning

‒ Thin provisioning

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RADOS Block Device: Placement

M MM

M

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Ceph in Action: Reading Data

M MM

M

Reads can be serviced by any of the replicas (parallel reads

improve thruput)

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Ceph in Action: Writing

M MM

M

Writes go to one OSD, which then propagates the

changes to other replicas

Self-Healing

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Self-Healing

M MM

M

Monitors detect a dead OSD

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Self-Healing

M MM

M

Monitors allocate other OSDs and update mapping

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Self-Healing

M MM

M

Monitors initiate recovery

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Self-Healing

M MM

M

Future writes update the new

replica

Why am I telling you this?

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Because we think Ceph is Great!

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By 2018, open-source storage will gain 20% of the market share, up from less than 1% in 2013

(Gartner)

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Enterprise Data Capacity Utilization (Percent)

50-60% of Enterprise Data

20-25%

15-20%

1-3%

Tier 0Ultra HighPerformance

Tier 1High-value, OLTP, Revenue Generating

Tier 2Backup/Recovery,Reference Data, Bulk Data

Tier 3Object, Archive,Compliance Archive,Long-term Retention

Source: Horison Information Strategies - Fred Moore

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SUSE Enterprise Storage Market

LOW FUNCTIONALITY

HIGHFUNCTIONALITY

ObjectStorage

ArchiveStorage

DataBackup

Video Audio

BigData

DataAnalytics

OLTP

CRMERP

Email

HPC

ComplianceArchiveCAPACITY

OPTIMIZED

PERFORMANCEOPTIMIZED

DRTarget

Initial Target MarketInitial Target Market

BulkStorage

VM-Aware

In Closing

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Summary: Why Ceph?

• Can be scaled arbitrarily

‒ No central bottleneck “master” servers

• Low operational cost

‒ Automation

‒ Commodity hardware

• Can move data close to application

• Redundancy through data replication

‒ Self-healing

‒ No need for RAID

• APIs and cloud integration for self-service

‒ Software defined storage

Thank you.

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