Summer Internship Project Report 1 [1]

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

ON

CLEAN TECHNOLOGY

Industry Guide Faculty Guide Mr. M.S. UMA MAHESVARAM Mrs. MANU KALIADEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER Amity School of BusinessBENNETT, COLEMAN & CO. LTD TIMES HOUSE – PRIVATE TREATIES

By:-

Pushpender SinghA0106406 A-38

Amity School of Business, Noida

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

Sl.No. PARTICULARS PAGE No.

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

2. CERTIFICATE 5

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6

4. COMPANY PROFILE 8

5. INTRODUCTION 10

6. ENERGY SCENARIO 11

7. INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO 13

7.1 NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES 16

Thermal Energy 17

Nuclear energy 19

7.2 OIL 20

7.3 NATURAL GAS 21

7.4 RENEWABLE SOURCES 22

Hydro Energy 23

Wind Energy 25

Bio-Energy 27

Solar Energy 29

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8. INNOVATIVE RENEWABLES 31

9. CONCLUSION 34

10. REFERANCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY 35

11. ANNEXURES 36

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The making of any report calls for contribution and cooperation from many others

besides the individual alone. It is the result of meticulous effort put in by many minds

that contribute to the final report submission and this work too is not an exception.

Thus, one of the best parts of writing this report is the opportunity to thank those who

have contributed towards it.

First and foremost, I would like to take the opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to

my Industry Guide Mr. M.S. Uma Mahesvaram (Deputy General Manager, Times

Private Treaties) & my Faculty Guide Mrs. Manu Kalia for their valued insights,

suggestions and continuous support, without which this project would not have reached

successful completion.

This project has given me vast knowledge of clean technology.

Pushpender Singh

A0106406 A-38

Amity School of Business

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To Whom It May Concern

This is to certify that Mr. Pushpender Singh, Student of Amity Business School, Noida

has successfully completed his summer training project on the topic

“Clean Technology”

The training took place in Delhi. Duration of Training was from May 15 to July 11, 2008.

During the duration of training with us, we found him sincere, dynamic and committed to

job assigned to him.

Yours Sincerely,

For Times of India – Private Treaties

Mr. M.S. Uma Mahesvaram

Deputy General Manager

New Delhi

5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Purposes of the report

The purpose of this report is to define the universe of clean technology companies for

generating various options for times-private treaties.

Scope of the report

The scope of the report are (a) to attempt defining the size of the clean energy market in

India, (b) what are the various fields of clean energy technology (c) to know which

companies are dealing in clean technology, foreign as well as Indian companies but with

an emphasis on Indian scenario that will serve potential opportunities for times Private

Treaties.

Availability of, and access to, electricity is a crucial element of modern economies and it

helps pave the way for human development. Accordingly, the power sector has been

given a high priority in the national planning processes in India and a concerted focus on

enhancing this sector has resulted in significant gains in generation and availability of

electricity.

Clean energy includes natural energetic processes that can be harnessed with little

pollution such as anaerobic digestion, geothermal power, wind power, small-scale

hydropower, solar power, biomass power, tidal power and wave power fall under such a

category. They also include power derived from the incineration of waste.

The study begins by discussing the global energy scenario. The second chapter describes

in detail the global energy scenario in which there are details of global installed capacity

(continent-wise). The third chapter describes in detail about the Indian energy scenario in

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which it is shown that Coal-based power has driven much of the growth in India’s power

sector over the past three decades. Currently, the power sector consumes about 80% of

the coal produced in the country. As the demand for electricity is expect to rise

dramatically over the next decade, coal will continue to be the dominant energy source.

The fourth chapter discusses in brief about the various other aspects of Clean Technology

such as Mechanical efficiency, various new energy efficiency trends in different sectors

and about the Future Fuels and needless to say that these are Clean.

The key challenges facing India’s power sector include: an urgent need to increase

energy and electricity availability for human and infrastructure development; increasing

energy security; local environment protection and pollution control; and control of

greenhouse gas emissions (particularly carbon dioxide). The task of meeting these broad

challenges is further complicated by several constraints: availability and quality of

domestic coal; limited financial resources; inadequate technical capacity for R&D,

manufacturing, and O&M; and the institutional characteristics of the Indian power sector.

For each of these sectors companies both international and Indian are identified with

details of their business activity and location for possible Private Treaties purposes.

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Company Profile

Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. is the largest media group in India, owned by the Jain

family. It is best known as the publisher of English daily The Times of India. This

company, along with its other group companies, are more popularly known as The Times

Group. The Times Group also publishes The Economic Times (a leading financial

broadsheet), Mumbai Mirror, Bangalore Mirror, the Navbharat Times (a Hindi daily

broadsheet), Sandhya Times, and the Maharashtra Times (a Marathi daily broadsheet).

It publishes general interest magazines like Femina and Filmfare, in a JV with BBC

magazines and the venture is called Worldwide Media.

The Times Group has very recently added TIMES NOW a 24-hour English news channel

to its chain of news organizations. TIMES NOW earlier was a Joint Venture between

Times Group and Reuters.

It owns Radio Mirchi, a popular FM Radio brand in India with a presence in 32 cities

around the country and Indiatimes.com, a popular Indian portal. Times Business

Solutions Pvt., Ltd (one of the group companies) has launched a real-estate specialty

portal MagicBricks.com that brings property buyers and sellers (for both land & various

types of constructions) onto a platform. It also has a job portal called "Timesjobs.com"

and a matrimonial portal called "Simplymarry.com".

Times Private Treaties

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Private Treaties is an innovative venture from the Times of India group, India's largest

and most successful media conglomerate. It leverages the long experience and wide reach

of The Times Group to create value for its Private Treaties clients through strategic

partnerships. It’s the new age marketing tool to bring the future forward, accelerating

brand building, increasing consumer connect and build enterprise wealth in a fast manner.

PT reinforces the wisdom that the success of any enterprise will depend on its ability to

use its intangible assets, not its ability to amass and control physical ones. The Times

Group is eminently placed to help its partners make this leap into the future. They

achieve this by:

(a) Risk sharing : catalyzing the shift from fungible product to resonating brands by

providing long term advertising funds.

(b) Innovating: Involved depth thinking and ideation to create cutting edge

communication solutions that deliver stated marketing objectives.

(c) Value Enhancing: Enabling clients to expand faster and more profitably with our

support and guidance.

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Clean Technology

Chapter 1: Introduction

Objective:

1. To define the universe of clean technology companies.

2. To generate options for Times – Private Treaties.

Research Methodology

Mostly information collection oriented through secondary and tertiary means.

Scope of the Study:

To define the size of the clean energy market in India

Understand what are the various fields of clean energy technology

The companies that are dealing in clean technology foreign as well as Indian

companies but more emphasis on Indian Companies and

To spot opportunities for times Private Treaties.

Data Collection:

Data was collected through internet, magazines, newspapers, prospectus, GOI

publications, encyclopedias.

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Chapter 2: Energy Scenario

The Global installed capacity of Power is around 37,63,200 MW approx. The global

energy installed-capacity increase is at the rate of about 2% per annum. The per capita

consumption of electricity is around 3,058 kWh / year. The cumulative shortfall of

electricity is around 1,07,250 MW approx.

The global scenario of installed capacities of Thermal Power is 23,89,200 MW, Wind

Power is 1,00,000 MW, Solar Power is 1,54,000 MW, Bio-Energy is 35,000 MW, Hydro

Energy is 7,15,000 MW and Nuclear Energy is 3,70,000 MW.

North America rank first by worldwide comparison with an installed capacity of

11,29,000 MW, Asia and Oceania rank second with an installed capacity of 10,40,000

MW, Europe rank third with an installed capacity of 8,03,000 MW, Eurasia rank fourth

with an installed capacity of 3,45,000 MW, Central and South America rank fifth with an

installed capacity of 2,14,000 MW, Middle East rank sixth with an installed capacity of

1,23,000 MW and Africa rank seventh with an installed capacity of 1,06,000 MW.

Break-up of global installed capacity

Exhibit-1

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Source: International Energy Outlook

Detailed Break-up of Global Installed Capacity

Exhibit-2

Sl.No. Country Installed Capacity in MW1 North America 11,29,000

2 Asia and Oceania 10,40,000

3 Europe 8,03,000

4 Eurasia 3,45,000

5 Central and South America 2,14,000

6 Middle East 1,23,000

7 Africa 1,06,000

Source: International Energy Outlook

Oil accounts for 36% of the global energy needs, where the production of oil is around 83

million bbl/day. Consumption of oil is around 82.59 million bbl/day, whereas natural gas

accounts for 24% of the global energy needs, where the production of natural gas is

around 2.822 trillion cu M. Consumption of natural gas is around 2.819 trillion cu M.

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27.7%

30%

21.3%

9.2

5.7% 3.3 2.8%

Global Energy Requirements met through Oil, Natural gas and

Electricity

Exhibit-3

Source: www.worldenergy.org

Chapter 3: Indian Energy Scenario

In India, oil accounts for 36% of the Indian energy needs, whereas natural gas accounts

for 9% of Indian energy needs

Consumption of energy needs in India are as follows

Exhibit-4

Sl. No. Pariculars Consumption1 Electricity 387.90 Billion KWH

2 Natural Gas 30.83 billion cu M

3 Oil 2.45 million bbl/day

Source : www.cea.gov

The total installed capacity of Electric energy, in India is around 1,38,710 MW. India’s

rank 6th in the world in terms of energy demands. India accounts for 3.5% of the world

commercial energy demands. Expected power demand is around 6,00,000 MW by year-

2030 with a 8 % cumulative growth.

India’s energy consumption has been increasing at one of the fastest rates in the world

due to population growth and economic development. The cumulative demand is around

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40 % 36 %

24 %

1,56,710 MW(approx). Present per capita consumption of electricity – 660 kWh / year.

Currently in India, renewable energy produces around 10,985 MW approx. Currently the

shortfall in India is around 15,000-20,000 MW.

Detailed break-up of energy power produced in India

Exhibit-5

Sl.No. Energy Production (Installed Capacity in MW)

Non-Renewable Sources:1 THERMAL 88,215

2 NUCLEAR 4,120

3 HYDRO 35,390

Renewable Sources: 4 BIO 1,307

5 WIND 7,660

6 SMALL HYDRO 2,015

7 SOLAR 3

TOTAL 1,38,710

Source : Ministry of Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

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In India, Thermal Power accounts for 64%, hydro power accounts for 25 %, Nuclear

Power accounts for 3% and Renewable sources accounts for 8% of the total electricity.

Production distribution of various types of Electric-energy in India

Exhibit-6

Source : www.reeep.org In India, wind power accounts for 70 %, small hydro accounts for 18%, biomass power

accounts for 5.1%, Bagasse-cogeneration accounts for 6.3%, waste to energy accounts for

0.5%, and solar power accounts for 0.1% of the total renewable energy.

Break-up of renewable energy in India:

Exhibit-7

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64%

8%3%

25%

Source : Ministry of Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

Detailed break-up of renewable sources in India

Exhibit-8

Sl. No. Renewable Sources Installed Capacity (in mw)1 Wind Power 7,6602 Small Hydro Power 2,0153 Solar Power 34 Biomass Power 5605 Bagasse Cogeneration 6926 Waste to Energy 55

Source : Ministry of Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

3.1 Sources of Energy

3.1.1 Non-Renewable Sources

A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be re-made, re-grown or

regenerated on a scale comparative to its consumption. The constituents of non-

renewable energy are :

(a) Thermal Energy

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70 %

18%

5.1%6.3%

0.5%

0.1%

(b) Nuclear Energy

Currently, the global production of non-renewable energy is 27,59,200 MW approx,

which is 30 times more as compared to India which is 92,335 MW approx.

3.1.1.1 Thermal Energy

Thermal energy can only be defined as any spontaneous flow of energy (energy in transit)

from one object to another, caused by a difference in temperature between two objects;

thus, an object cannot possess heat.

Globally, thermal energy currently supplies around 23,89,200 MW approx. or 63.5 % of

the world’s electricity. Thermal energy continues to increase at a growth rate 3.4% per

annum.

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Some major global players in thermal energy sector are as follows:

(a) China Coal Energy Company Limited, Beijing, China.

(b) Beard Co., Oklahoma City, USA.

(c) Cascade Energy Inc, Portland, USA.

(d) Coal Corp. Mining Inc, Toronto, Canada.

In India, currently the production of thermal power is around 88,215 MW approx or 64%

of total energy. Thermal energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 4.2 % per

annum.

Some major Indian players in the sector of thermal power are as follows :

Government owned companies

(a) Karnataka Power Corporation Limited, Karnataka.

(b) Gujarat Government Company, Gujarat.

(c) Damodar Valley Corporation, Kolkata.

(d) North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited, Meghalaya.

(e) Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited, Gujarat.

(f) Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd, New Delhi.

(g) Maharashtra State Power Generation Co Ltd, Maharashtra.

(h) UP Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd, Uttar Pradesh .

Public/Private Companies

(a) Reliance Power Limited, Mumbai.

(b) KSK Energy Ventures Limited, Hyderabad.

(c) Energy Infratech Pvt. Limited, New Delhi.

(d) NTPC, New Delhi.

(e) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad.

(f) Essar Power Limited, Mumbai.

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Details regarding Indian thermal energy companies are given as reference in Annexures

i.e. Table B.1.

3.1.1.2 Nuclear Energy

Nuclear Energy is energy due to the splitting (fission) or merging together (fusion) of the

nuclei of atoms. Nuclear energy is released by three exoenergetic (or exothermic)

processes as (i) Radioactive decay : In this, a neutron or proton in the radioactive nucleus

decays spontaneously by emitting either particles, electromagnetic radiation (gamma

rays), neutrinos (or all of them), (ii) Fusion: In this, two atomic nuclei fuse together to

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form a heavier nucleus and (iii) Fission: means the breaking of a heavy nucleus into two

(or more rarely three) lighter nuclei.

Globally, Nuclear energy currently supplies 3,70,000 MW or 9.8% of the world’s

electricity. Nuclear energy continues to increase at a growth rate 4% per annum.

Some major global players in the sector of nuclear power are as follows:

(a) Hokkaido Electric Power Company, Japan.

(b) Union Electric Company, Vancouver, USA.

(c) Ontario Power Generation, Toronto, Canada.

(d) Federation of Electric Power Companies, Washington, USA.

In India, currently the production of nuclear power is around 4,120 MW approx or 3% of

total energy. Nuclear energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 2.5 % per annum.

Some major Indian players in the sector of nuclear power are as follows :

(a) Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Mumbai.

(b) Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad.

(c) Bhartiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited, Tami Nadu.

(d) Uranium Corporation of India Limited, Jharkhand.

(e) Reliance Energy Limited, Mumbai.

Details regarding Indian nuclear energy companies are given as reference in Annexures

i.e. Table B.8.

3.1.2 Oil

An oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid state ("oily") at ambient temperatures or

slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic, (immiscible with water, literally "water

fearing") and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally "fat loving").

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Globally, the production of oil is around 83 million bbl/day. Consumption of oil is around

82.59 million bbl/day.

Some major global players in the sector of oil are as follows:

(a) Admiral Bay Resources Inc, Toronto, Canada.

(b) Allenergy, Inc, Coffeyville, USA.

(c) Antrim Energy Inc, Calgary, Canada.

(d) Arena Resources, Inc, Tulsa, USA.

Details regarding (global) oil companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table

A.19.

In India, currently the production of oil is around 7,85,000 million bbl/day. Consumption

of oil is around 2.45 million bbl/day.

Some major Indian players in the sector of oil are as follows :

Government owned companies

Gujarat State Energy Generation Co Ltd, Gujarat.

Public/Private Companies

(a) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, Dehradun.

(b) Oil India Limited, Noida.

(c) GAIL (India) Limited, Chandigarh.

(d) Indian Oil Corporation, New Delhi.

Details regarding Indian oil companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table

B.6.

3.1.3 Natural Gas

Natural gas is often informally referred to as simply gas, especially when compared to

other energy sources such as electricity.

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Globally, the production of natural gas is around 2.822 trillion cu M. Consumption of

natural gas is around 2.819 trillion cu M.

Some major global players in the sector of natural gas are as follows:

(a) American Oil & Gas Inc, Oklahoma, USA.

(b) ATP Oil & Gas Corporation, Houston USA.

(c) Aspen Exploration Corporation, Bakersfield, USA.

(d) Bontan Corporation Inc., Toronto, Canada.

More details regarding (global) natural gas companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table A.11.

In India, currently the production of natural gas is around 28.2 billion cu M.

Consumption of natural gas is around 30.83 billion cu M.

Some major Indian players in the sector of natural gas are as follows :

Government owned companies

(a) Gujarat Industries Power Company Ltd, Gujarat.

(b) Gujarat State Energy Generation Co Ltd, Gujarat.

(c) North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited, Meghalaya.

(d) Andhra Pradesh Gas Power Corporation Ltd, Andhra Pradesh.

Public/Private Companies

(a) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, Dehradun.

(b) GMR Group, Bangalore.

(c) KSK Energy Ventures Limited, Hyderabad.

(d) GAIL (India) Limited, Chandigarh.

(e) BOC India Limited, Kolkata.

(f) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad.

More details regarding Indian natural gas companies are given as reference in Annexures

i.e. Table B.7.

3.1.4 Renewable Sources

Renewable energy is a source of energy that can never be exhausted. We can obtain

renewable energy from the sun (solar energy), from the water (hydropower), from the

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wind (windmills), and waste (biomass). Renewable energy is also called “clean energy”

or “green power” because it doesn’t pollute the air or the water. The term Clean energy is

used to describe sources of energy which are considered environmentally friendly and

non-polluting. Consumers, businesses, and organizations may specifically purchase clean

energy in order to support further development, help reduce the environmental impacts

associated with conventional electricity generation, and increase their nation’s energy

independence. The constituents of renewable energy are:

(a) Hydro Energy

(b) Wind Energy

(c) Bio-Energy

(d) Solar Energy

Currently, the global production of renewable energy is 10,04,000 MW approx, which is

21 times more as compared to India which is 46,375 MW approx.

3.1.4.1 Hydro Power

Hydropower or hydraulic power is the force or energy of moving water. Hydropower was

used for irrigation, and operation of various machines, such as :

(i) Watermills

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(ii) Textile machines

(iii) Sawmills

Hydroelectricity currently supplies about 7,15,000 MW or 19% of the world’s electricity,

accounting for 63% of the total electricity from the renewable energy sector. Hydro

energy continues to increase at a growth rate 10% per annum.

Some major global players in hydro energy sector are as follows:

(a) Constellation Energy, Baltimore, USA.

(b) Scottish and Southern Energy, London, England.

(c) Evergreen Energy Inc, Denver, USA.

(d) Northwestern Corporation, Sioux Falls, USA.

More details regarding (global) hydro power companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table A.7.

In India, currently the production of hydro power is around 35,390 MW approx or 25%

of total energy. Hydro energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 6 % per annum.

Some major Indian players in the hydro energy sector are as follows :

Government owned companies:

(a) Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited, Uttar Pradesh.

(b) North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited, Meghalaya.

(c) Uttaranchal Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited, Uttranchal.

(d) Karnataka Power Corporation Limited, Karnataka.

(e) Orissa Hydro Power Corporation Ltd, Orrisa.

(f) Uttar Pradesh jal vidyut nigam, limited.

(g) Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited, Gujarat.

(h) Damodar Valley Corporation, Kolkata.

(i) Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam, Rajasthan.

(j) NHPC Limited, Haryana.Public/Private Companies(a) Reliance Power Limited, Mumbai.

(b) Lanco Infratech Limited, Hyderabad.

(c) GMR Group, Bangalore.

(d) Jaiprakash Hydro-Power Limited, New Delhi.

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(e) Tata Power, Mumbai.

(f) KSK Energy Ventures Limited, Hyderabad.

(g) Malana Power Company Ltd, Delhi.

(i) Energy Infratech Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.

(j) Tata Power, Mumbai.

More details regarding Indian hydro power companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table B.2.

3.1.4.2 Wind Energy

Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form, such as electricity,

using wind turbines Wind turbines transform the energy in the wind into mechanical

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power, which can then be used directly for grinding etc. or further converting to electric

power to generate electricity.

Globally, wind energy currently supplies 1,00,000 MW or 2.6 % of the world’s

electricity. Wind energy continues to increase at a growth rate 20% per annum.

Some major global players in wind energy sector are as follows:

(a) Leader Resources Corporation, Ontario, Canada .

(b) General Electric, New York, USA.

(c) American Superconductor, Devens, USA.

(d) Shearwind Inc, Nova Scotia, Canada.

More details regarding (global) wind power companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table A.17.

Currently, India’s Rank fourth by worldwide comparison with an installed capacity of

7,660 MW. Wind energy contributes around 5.5 % of total energy. Wind energy

continues to increase at a growth rate around 27 % per annum.

Some major Indian players in the wind energy sector are as follows :

Government owned companies

Karnataka Power Corporation Limited, Karnataka.

Public/Private Companies

(a) Suzlon Energy Limited, Pune.

(b) BF Utilities Limited, Pune.

(c) Epic Energy Limited, Mumbai.

(d) Indowind Energy Limited, Chennai.

(e) Vestas RRB India Limited, New Delhi.

(f) NEPC India Limited, Chennai.

(g) Entegra Infrastructures Limited, Mumbai.

(h) Regen Powertech Pvt Limited, Chennai.

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(i) Reliance Energy Ltd, Noida.

(j) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad.

(k) Tata Power, Mumbai.

More details regarding Indian wind power companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table B.3.

3.1.4.3 Bio-Energy

Bioenergy is stored energy from the sun contained in materials such as plant matter and

animal waste, known as biomass. Biomass is considered renewable because it is

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replenished more quickly when compared to the millions of years required to replenish

fossil fuels.

Globally, bio-energy currently supplies around 35,000 MW approx or 1 % of the world’s

electricity. Bio-energy continues to increase at a growth rate of more than 5% per annum.

Some major global players in bio-energy sector are as follows :

(a) Colusa Biomass Energy Corporation, California, USA.

(b) Green Energy Corporation, Norway.

(c) Methanex Corporation, Vancouver, Canada.

(d) Peat Resources Limited, Toronto, Canada.

More details regarding (global) bio-energy companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table A.6.

In India, currently the production of bio-energy is around 1,307 MW approx or 0.94% of

total energy. Bio-energy continues to increase at a growth rate of 2 % per annum.

Some major Indian players in the bio-energy sector are as follows :

(a) Zenith Energy Services Pvt. Limited, Hyderabad.

(b) Aum Consultancy Pvt. Limited, Chennai.

(c) Entegra Infrastructures Limited, Mumbai.

(d) Anama Energies Pvt. Limited, Pune.

(e) Balaji Composites Ltd, Pune.

(f) Biodiesel Technologies, Kolkata.

(g) Biogreen Energy Systems Pvt Ltd, Pune.

(h) Cethar Vessels Pvt Ltd, Mumbai.

(i) Combustion Technologies Pvt Ltd, Pune.

(j) Lars Enviro Pvt Ltd, Nagpur.

(k) Laxmi Organic Industries Ltd, Mumbai.

(l) Mitcon Consultancy Ltd, Pune.

(m) MM Enviro Projects Pvt Ltd, Nagpur.

(n) Nandan Biomatrix Ltd, Hyderabad.

(o) Phytotron Agro Products (India) Pvt Ltd, Bangalore.

(p) Purab Infrastructure Projects Ltd, Amritsar.

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(q) Selco International Ltd, Hyderabad.

(r) Thermotech Systems Ltd, Ahmedabad.

(s) UBE Industries Ltd, Hyderabad.

(t) Wärtsilä India Ltd, Chennai.

(u) Wealth Solutions Pvt Ltd, Bangalore.

(v) LANCO Infratech Ltd, Hyderabad.

(w) Reliance Energy Ltd, Mumbai.

More details regarding Indian bio-energy companies are given as reference in Annexures

i.e. Table B.5.

3.1.4.4 Solar Energy

Solar energy is the heat and light radiated from the Sun that drives Earth's climate and

supports life. Solar power is a synonym of solar energy or refers specifically to the

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conversion of sunlight into electricity by photovoltaics (PV), concentrating solar thermal

devices or various experimental technologies.

Globally, solar energy currently supplies around 1,54,000 MW approx or 4.1 % of the

world’s electricity. At present, market for solar Photovotaics (PV) technologies are

growing at a rate of more than 35 % per annum.

Some major global players in solar energy sector are as follows :

(a) Renewable Energy, Norway.

(b) Abengoa , Seville, Spain.

(c) Day4energy Inc., Burnaby, Canada.

(d) E-TON solar Tech, Tainan, Taiwan.

More details regarding (global) solar energy companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table A.12.

In India, currently the production of solar energy is around 3 MW approx or 0.002% of

total energy. Solar energy continues to increase at a growth rate of more than 40 % per

annum. Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) contribute 2.5% of power generation from renewable

energy.

Some major Indian players in the solar energy sector are as follows :

(a) Tata BP Solar India Limited, Bangalore.

(b) ATR Solar (India), Madurai.

(c) Moser Baer Photovoltaic Limited, New Delhi.

(d) Phocos India Solar Pvt. Limited, Chennai.

(e) Bhambri Enterprises, New Delhi.

(f) Khandelwal Solar Power Limited, Madhya Pradesh.

(g) Lifeway Solar Pvt Limited, Kerala.

(h) Nuetech Solar Systems Pvt Limited, Bangalore.

(i) Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited, Rajasthan.

(j) Savemax Solar Systems (P) Ltd, Pune.

(k) Selco Solar Light (P) Limited, Bangalore.

(l) Tathastu Corporation, Rajkot.

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More details regarding Indian solar energy companies are given as reference in

Annexures i.e. Table B.4.

Chapter- 4 Innovative Renewables

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4.1 Mechanical Efficiency

Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used. It may be

achieved through efficient energy use, in which case energy use is decreased while

achieving a similar outcome, or by reduced consumption of energy services. Energy

conservation may result in increase of financial capital, environmental value, national

security, personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that are

direct consumers of energy may want to conserve energy in order to reduce energy costs

and promote economic security. Industrial and commercial users may want to increase

efficiency and thus maximize profit.

Energy conservation facilitates the replacement of non-renewable resources with

renewable energy. Energy conservation is often the most economical solution to energy

shortages, and is a more environmentally benign alternative to increased energy

production.

Energy Efficiency Trends

1. Transportation: The transportation includes all vehicles used for personal or freight

transportation. Of the energy used in this sector, approximately 65% is consumed by

gasoline-powered vehicles, primarily personally owned. Diesel-powered transport (trains,

merchant ships, heavy trucks, etc.) consumes about 20%, and air traffic consumes most

of the remaining 15%.

2. Industrial Sector: The industrial sector represents all production and processing of

goods, including manufacturing, construction, farming, water management and mining.

Increasing costs have forced energy-intensive industries to make substantial efficiency

improvements in the past 30 years. For example, the energy used to produce steel and

paper products has been cut 40% in that time frame, while petroleum/aluminum refining

and cement production have reduced their usage by about 25%.

3. Residential Sector: The residential sector refers to all private residences, including

single-family homes, apartments, manufactured homes and dormitories. Energy use in

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this sector varies significantly across the country, due to regional climate differences and

different regulation. Standby power used by consumer electronics and appliances while

they are turned off accounts for an estimated 5 to 10% of household electricity

consumption. Ground and Water Source Heat Pump systems are the more energy

efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available

(Environmental Protection Agency), and can achieve reductions in energy consumptions

of up to 69%.

4. Commercial Sector: The commercial sector consists of retail stores, offices (business

and government), restaurants, schools and other workplaces. Fluorescent lighting (about

four times as efficient as incandescent) is the standard for most commercial space,

although it may produce certain adverse health effects. Recent advances include use of

occupancy sensors to turn off lights when spaces are unoccupied, and photosensors to

dim or turn off electric lighting when natural light is available. Natural gas heating

efficiencies have improved through use of condensing furnaces and boilers, in which the

water vapor in the flue gas is cooled to liquid form before it is discharged, allowing the

heat of condensation to be used.

Details regarding efficiency companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e. Table

A.8, B.9 and C.

4.2 Future fuels

Fuel efficiency means the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy

contained in a carrier fuel into kinetic energy or work. Non-transportation applications,

such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power

plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the

Haber process. Biodiesel is one of world's most promising alternative fuel sources. And

by developing biodiesel, the world will be less dependent on sources of oil. There is a

need for a comprehensive energy strategy, which includes pursuing policies to make

prices reasonable at the pump. Today's gasoline prices and diesel prices are making it

harder for families worldwide to meet their budgets. These prices are making it more

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expensive for farmers to produce their crop, more difficult for businesses to create jobs.

Another policy in reducing transportation costs is to better conserve. Inaddition,

strategies must be sought to reduce the future damand by countries like India and China

for crude oil. This would include develop new fuels like biodiesel and ethanol as

alternatives to diesel and gasoline.

Details regarding fuel efficiency companies are given as reference in Annexures i.e.

Table D.

Conclusion

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India is a rapidly developing economy with an insatiable demand for power.  It’s

government is committed to the exploitation of it’s renewable energy resources,

particularly wind, and has set ambitious targets for capacity installation.  Despite rapid

exploitation of this resource the proportion of India’s technical potential not yet exploited

remains huge. 

Further, since manufactured fuels lack many of the impurities of crude-oil-derived fuels,

they will be more acceptable from the standpoint of emissions.

The result of the study showed that availability of highly qualified cheap manpower

along with fast growing industrialization and significantly higher economic growth

potential has undoubtedly transformed India into one of the largest potential markets in

the world.

References & Bibliography

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1. Prospectus of KSK Energy Venture Limited.

2. Prospectus of Reliance Power Limited.

3. Economic Times.

Websites

1. www.investorideas.com

2. www.google.com

3. www.wikipedia.com

4. www.indiaenergyportal.org

5. www.reeeg.org

6. www.mnes.nic.in

7. www.globalenergy.org

8. www.eco-web.com

9. www.peswiki.com

10. www.business-standard.com

ANNEXURES

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Table A – Global Renewable Energy Company List.

Table A.1 - Flywheel Stocks.

Table A.2 - Fuel cell and Hydrogen Companies.

Table A.3 - Geothermal Companies.

Table A.4 - Batteries/Energy Storage Backup Companies.

Table A.5 - Biofuel and Ethanol Companies.

Table A.6 - Biomass.

Table A.7 - Clean Power Plants & Utilities.

Table A.8 - Energy Efficiency Companies.

Table A.9 - Green Certificates/Carbon Companies.

Table A.10 - Micro Turbines Companies.

Table A.11 - Natural Gas Companies.

Table A.12 - Photovotaic & Solar Companies.

Table A.13 - Recycling & Recycling Technology Companies.

Table A.14 - Renewable Energy Investment - General Companies.

Table A.15 - Sustainable & Electric Transportation, Green Automotive Companies.

Table A.16 - Wave & Tidal Power Companies.

Table A.17 - Wind Power & Wind Energy Companies.

Table A.18 - Alternative Energy Funds/Indices.

Table A.19 - Oil Companies.

Table B – Indian Energy Company List

Table B.1 - Thermal Power Companies.

Table B.2 - Hydro Power Companies.

Table B.3 - Wind Power Companies.

Table B.4 - Solar Energy Companies.

Table B.5 - Bio Energy Companies.

Table B.6 - Oil Companies.

Table B.7 - Natural Gas Companies.

Table B.8 - Nuclear Energy Companies.

Table B.9 - Energy Efficiency Companies.

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Table B.10 - Recycling & Recycling Technology Companies.

Table C - Mechanical Efficiency Companies.

Table D – Fuel Efficiency Companies.

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