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STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM
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STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline Structuralism The Marxist Perspective The Marxist IPE Theories Imperialism Modern World Systems Theory.

Dec 18, 2015

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Page 1: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM

Page 2: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Lecture Outline

Structuralism The Marxist Perspective The Marxist IPE Theories

Imperialism Modern World Systems Theory Dependency Theory Intellectual Hegemony

Page 3: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

States and Markets

Limited State Role

StrongState Role

Classical Keynesianism Neomercantilism Mercantilism Socialism CommunismLiberalism KeynesQuesnaySmith

Neoliberalism/NeoconservatismHayek Friedman

Page 4: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Why Structuralism?

Page 5: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Marx: History, Class, and Capitalism

The mode of production Conflict or Cooperation

Primitive Communism Slavery Feudalism Capitalism Socialism Communism

Page 6: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Marx: History, Class, and Capitalism

The mode of production Conflict or Cooperation

Primitive Communism Slavery Feudalism

Capitalism Socialism Communism

Conflict between social classes: bourgeoisie and proletariat

Page 7: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Why does Capitalism Produce Conflict? Competition (“Capitalism contains the seeds of its own demise”)

The law of falling rate of profit: As individual capitalists seek greater market share, they will invest in laborsaving production techniques. This reduces the rate of profit because surplus value can only be created by human labor

The law of disproportionality: Supply and demand change unevenly, causing periodic overproduction (underconsumption).

The law of concentration: Over time, wealth becomes increasingly concentrated, further diminishing the purchasing power of the proletariat.

Class Conflict and Crisis of Capitalism

Revolution and Transition to Socialism

Page 8: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

IPE Theories within the Marxist Tradition

Vladimir Lenin Immanuel Wallerstein

Andre Gunder Frank

Antonio Gramsci

The focus: Colonialism and its impact on the crisis of capitalism

The focus: The historical development of global economic system since mid-fifteenth century

The focus: Structures of dependency between industrial and least developed countries

The focus: The maintenance of hegemony through consent

Page 9: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Imperialism http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/video/wmp/mini_p01_02_d_220.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/video/wmp/mini_p01_03_c_220.html

Vladimir Lenin, Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism, 1917

Imperialism (through colonialism) delayed the capitalist crisis (since it brings new markets, cheaper raw materials and cheaper labor)

A reflection of Marx’s analysis of domestic power relations at the international realm.

Imperialism is another stage between capitalism and socialism Capitalism Imperialism

Competition Monopoly

Production (+emergence of exploitative finance relations)

BASIS FOR MODERN WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY AND DEPENDENCY THEORY

Page 10: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Modern World Systems Theory Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern

World System (three volume book, 1974, 1980, 1989)

Global economic structures determine how world works

Division of labor among states creates dependencies:

Capital-rich Western industrial countries (Exploiter)

Resource-abundant developing countries (Exploited)

In-between these two categories: both exploiter and exploited.

Page 11: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Dependency Theory

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/video/wmp/mini_p02_05_220.html

Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment, 1967

The global economic structure leads North-South dependence at the expense of the South

There are three eras of dependency in modern history: colonial dependence, financial-industrial dependence, and dependency through MNCs.

Because LDCs remain dependent on industrial nations (or MNCs) they are systematically underdeveloped

The reasons for underdevelopment should be found in colonial history.

Page 12: STRUCTURALISM/MARXISM. Lecture Outline  Structuralism  The Marxist Perspective  The Marxist IPE Theories  Imperialism  Modern World Systems Theory.

Intellectual Hegemony

Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 1971

Hegemony is maintained through coercion and consent (Gramsci is more interested in the consent part)

Ideas over economic structures: Intellectual hegemony creates consent by convincing the masses, via propaganda, to have the same interests as the dominant class and serve those interests.

Organic intellectuals as a hope to overturn the dominant classes