SRHS: Sociology People who interact with one another and think of themselves as belonging together. - List 10 common characteristics of groups What is.

SRHS: Sociology SRHS: Sociology

““People who interact with one another and think of People who interact with one another and think of

themselves as belonging together.”themselves as belonging together.”

- List 10 common characteristics of groups- List 10 common characteristics of groups

What is a Group?What is a Group?


Domestication RevolutionDomestication Revolution

Hunting and GatheringHunting and Gathering

Pastoral and HorticulturalPastoral and Horticultural

AgriculturalAgricultural

Societies and Their TransformationSocieties and Their Transformation


Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Postindustrial (Information)Postindustrial (Information)

Bioeconomic—New Type?Bioeconomic—New Type?

Societies and Their TransformationSocieties and Their Transformation


Social Equality Greatest in Social Equality Greatest in

Hunting/Gathering SocietiesHunting/Gathering Societies

Social Inequality Grew Over TimeSocial Inequality Grew Over Time

Accumulation of Food Surplus Accumulation of Food Surplus

Stimulated ChangeStimulated Change

Groups Within SocietyGroups Within Society


Primary GroupsPrimary Groups

Face-to-FaceFace-to-Face

The FamilyThe Family

FriendsFriends

Producing a Mirror WithinProducing a Mirror Within



Secondary GroupsSecondary Groups

Larger, More AnonymousLarger, More Anonymous

Members Interact Based on RolesMembers Interact Based on Roles

Fail to Satisfy Need for Intimate AssociationFail to Satisfy Need for Intimate Association



In-Groups and Out-GroupsIn-Groups and Out-Groups

Loyalty to In-GroupsLoyalty to In-Groups

Antagonism Towards Out-GroupsAntagonism Towards Out-Groups



In-Groups and Out-Groups Produce…In-Groups and Out-Groups Produce…

LoyaltyLoyalty

Sense of SuperioritySense of Superiority

Rivalries/CompetitionRivalries/Competition

Implications for Socially Diverse SocietyImplications for Socially Diverse Society



Reference GroupsReference Groups

Provide a YardstickProvide a Yardstick

Expose Us to Contradictory StandardsExpose Us to Contradictory Standards



Social NetworksSocial Networks

The Small World PhenomenonThe Small World Phenomenon

Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth?Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth?



Implications for Socially Diverse SocietyImplications for Socially Diverse Society

Implications for ScienceImplications for Science



Electronic CommunitiesElectronic Communities

People Connect OnlinePeople Connect Online

Newsgroups/BlogsNewsgroups/Blogs

Online Chat Rooms/Recruiting Online Chat Rooms/Recruiting

Some Meet Definition of a GroupSome Meet Definition of a Group



Group Size Affects Stability and IntimacyGroup Size Affects Stability and Intimacy DyadDyad

TriadTriad

CoalitionsCoalitions

As Size Increases, So Does StabilityAs Size Increases, So Does Stability

As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy

DecreaseDecrease

Group DynamicsGroup Dynamics


Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and

BehaviorBehavior

The Larger the Group…The Larger the Group… Greater Diffusion of ResponsibilityGreater Diffusion of Responsibility

Increase in FormalityIncrease in Formality

Division into Smaller GroupsDivision into Smaller Groups



Who Becomes a Leader?Who Becomes a Leader?

Types of LeadersTypes of Leaders

Instrumental/Operational Instrumental/Operational

Expressive/Charismatic Expressive/Charismatic

LeadershipLeadership


Leadership StylesLeadership Styles

AuthoritarianAuthoritarian

DemocraticDemocratic

Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire

Leadership Styles in Changing SituationsLeadership Styles in Changing Situations

LeadershipLeadership


Personality Traits and Disorders

Projection of internal or external fearProjection of internal or external fear Empowered to act out Empowered to act out Organized members have some type of Organized members have some type of

hierarchy and structure although it is hierarchy and structure although it is usually skewed to what benefits the usually skewed to what benefits the ideologies of the groupideologies of the group

Unorganized members usually follow given Unorganized members usually follow given the momentthe moment


Power of Peer Pressure—Asch ExperimentPower of Peer Pressure—Asch Experiment

Study on ConformityStudy on Conformity

Power of Authority—Milgram ExperimentPower of Authority—Milgram Experiment

Administering ShocksAdministering Shocks



Irving Janis Coined the TermIrving Janis Coined the Term

Examples of GroupthinkExamples of Groupthink

Preventing GroupthinkPreventing Groupthink

Groupthink—Global ConsequencesGroupthink—Global Consequences


Group Phenomenon Both Organized and Unorganized-Both Organized and Unorganized-

Individual loses inhibitions and ignores previously Individual loses inhibitions and ignores previously learned social norms and valueslearned social norms and values

The group moves as one entity:The group moves as one entity: The Unorganized- Tornado Example The tornado is The Unorganized- Tornado Example The tornado is

created by random and freak natural stimuli, there are created by random and freak natural stimuli, there are factors that can help predict where they could occur but factors that can help predict where they could occur but remain largely unpredictable in size, path, remain largely unpredictable in size, path, destructiveness, movement, and length as it dissipates destructiveness, movement, and length as it dissipates

The individuals that participate in the organized group The individuals that participate in the organized group have some type of prior knowledge of group requirements have some type of prior knowledge of group requirements and ideologies and ideologies


Restraints on Human Behavior(If Any)

““This metaphysical freedom, or freedom of This metaphysical freedom, or freedom of the will, as defining characteristics of man the will, as defining characteristics of man as such is possessed by men in all as such is possessed by men in all conditions whether of nature or of society”conditions whether of nature or of society”

– RousseauRousseau


The Question of Individual Ethics

If there is no known machine able to map or If there is no known machine able to map or explain consciousness explain consciousness

And all ethical perceptions are based on individual And all ethical perceptions are based on individual consciousness and usually hold true amongst consciousness and usually hold true amongst certain groups certain groups

Ethical interpretations are impossible to explain Ethical interpretations are impossible to explain and therefore other individuals in different groups and therefore other individuals in different groups do not have to adhere to themdo not have to adhere to them

So the question remains, can’t we all just get So the question remains, can’t we all just get along?along?


Phenomenological Perspectives

What is the phenomenon that ignites group action What is the phenomenon that ignites group action such as violent and nonviolent protests such as violent and nonviolent protests

Two ethical perspectives clash- One perspective is Two ethical perspectives clash- One perspective is usually associated with law, the status-quo, and/or usually associated with law, the status-quo, and/or the group in powerthe group in power

Unorganized factors easily explained Unorganized factors easily explained Examples of Phenomenological Social Interaction Examples of Phenomenological Social Interaction What is the difference between a riot and a What is the difference between a riot and a

revolution?revolution?





SRHS: Sociology People who interact with one another and think of themselves as belonging together. - List 10 common characteristics of groups What is.

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group groups

sociology group phenomenon

sociology ingroups

sociology implications

outgroups groups

diverse society groups

sociology people

transformation slide