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Copyright informationAllmaterialappearing inthisreport is inthepublicdomainandmaybereproducedorcopiedwithoutpermission;citationastosource,however, isappreciated.

SuggestedcitationSchoenbornCA,AdamsPF.Healthbehaviorsofadults:UnitedStates,20052007.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics.VitalHealthStat10(245).2010.

LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber362.10973021sdc21

ForsalebytheU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocumentsMailStop:SSOPWashington,DC20402-9328Printedonacid-freepaper.

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Series10,Number245

HealthBehaviorsofAdults:UnitedStates,20052007

DataFromtheNationalHealthInterviewSurvey

U.S.DEPARTMENTOFHEALTHANDHUMANSERVICESCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsHyattsville,MarylandMarch2010DHHSPublicationNo.(PHS)20101573

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NationalCenterforHealthStatisticsEdwardJ.Sondik,Ph.D.,DirectorJenniferH.Madans,Ph.D.,AssociateDirectorforScienceDivisionofHealthInterviewStatisticsJaneF.Gentleman,Ph.D.,Director

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Contents

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chapter 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chapter 2. Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Measurement of Health Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Strengths and Limitations of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Statistical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 3. Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7All Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Poverty Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Marital Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Geographic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Chapter 4. Cigarette Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19All Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Poverty Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Marital Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Geographic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Chapter 5. Leisure-time Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38All Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Poverty Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Marital Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Geographic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

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Chapter 6. Body Weight Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54All Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Poverty Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Marital Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Geographic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56

Chapter 7. Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61All Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Poverty Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Marital Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Geographic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Chapter 8. Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Appendix I. Technical Notes on Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Sample Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Response Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Item Nonresponse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Imputed Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Age Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Tests of Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Relative Standard Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Appendix II. Definitions of Selected Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Definitions of Sociodemographic Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Definitions of Health Behavior Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Appendix III. Health Behavior Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Cigarette Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Leisure-time Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Body Weight and Height. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Sleep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Appendix IV. Tables of Unadjusted Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83FiguresChapter 33.1. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by age and sex: United States, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in past year, by age and sex: United States,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3. Percentage of adults who were current drinkers, by race and sex: United States, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.4. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in past year, by race and sex: United States,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.5. Percentage of adults who had five or more drinks in 1 day at least once in past year, by Hispanic origin and race

and sex: United States, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9iv

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3.6. Percentageofadultswhowerecurrentdrinkers,byeducationandsex:UnitedStates,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.7. Percentageofadultswhohadfiveormoredrinks in1dayatleastonce inpastyear,byeducation:UnitedStates,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Chapter44.1. Percentdistributionsofcurrentcigarettesmokingstatusofadults,bysex:UnitedStates,20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.2. Percentdistributionofnumberofdayssmoked inthepast30daysamongadultnondailysmokers:UnitedStates,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.3. Percentdistributionofusualnumberofcigarettesondayssmokedamongalladultcurrentsmokers:UnitedStates,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.4. Percentdistributionofageofsmokinginitiationamongalladultcurrentsmokers:UnitedStates,20052007. . . . . . . . . 204.5. Percentageofadultcurrentsmokerswhotried toquitinthepastyear,byageandsmokingfrequency:UnitedStates,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.6. Meannumberofcigarettesondayssmokedbyadultcurrentsmokers,byHispanicoriginandraceandsex,

United States, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.7. Percentageofadultcurrentsmokerswhostartedsmokingyoungerthan16yearsofage,by levelofeducation:

United States, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Chapter55.1. Percentageofadultswhoengagedin leisure-timephysicalactivity,bylevelofactivityandage:UnitedStates,

20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.2. Percentageofadultswhoengagedinat leastsomeleisure-timestrengtheningactivity,bysexandage:UnitedStates,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.3. Percentageofadultswhoengagedin leisure-timephysicalactivity,bylevelofactivityandeducation:UnitedStates,

20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.4. Percentageofadultswhoengagedin leisure-timephysicalactivity,bylevelofactivityandpovertystatus:

United States, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Chapter66.1. Percentdistributionofbodyweightstatusofadults,bysex:UnitedStates,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.2. Percentage of adults who were obese, by age and sex: United States, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.3. Percentageofadultswhowereoverweight(includingobese),bysexandrace:UnitedStates,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . 556.4. Percentdistributionsofbodyweightstatusofadults,byHispanicoriginandrace:UnitedStates,20052007. . . . . . . . . 556.5. Percentageofadultswhowereobese,byeducationandsex:UnitedStates,20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566.6.

Percentage

of

adults

who

were

obese,

by

poverty

status

and

sex:

United

States,

20052007

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56

Chapter77.1. Percentdistributionsofhoursofsleep ina24-hourperiod,bysex:UnitedStates,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.2. Percentageofadultswhoslept6hoursor less ina24-hourperiod,bymaritalstatus:UnitedStates,20052007 . . . . . . 61TextTablesChapter33.1. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oflifetimealcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsof

ageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.2. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentalcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofage

and over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

143.3. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinks in1dayatleastonce inthepastyear,andage-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinks in1dayonatleast12days inthepastyear,byselectedcharacteristics:United States, average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.4. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentdrinkers18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastonce in thepastyear,andage-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentdrinkers18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinks in1dayonat least12daysinthepastyear,byselected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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Chapter44.1. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oflifetimecigarettesmokingstatusforadults18yearsof

ageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.2. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentcigarettesmokingstatusforadults18yearsof

ageandover,andage-adjustedmeannumber(withstandarderrors)ofcigarettesondayssmokedamongcurrentsmokers18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4.3. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofusualnumberofcigarettesondayssmokedamongallcurrentcigarettesmokers18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4.4. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofageofsmoking initiationamongcurrentcigarettesmokers18 years of age and over: United States, average annual, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324.5. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentcigarettesmokers18yearsofageandoverwho triedto

quitsmokinginthepastyear,bycurrentsmokingstatusandselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Chapter55.1. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofleisure-timephysicalactivitystatusforadults18years

ofageandoverandage-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengagedinsomebutlessthanregularandregularleisure-timephysicalactivity,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5.2. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)of timesperweekengagedin light-moderateleisure-timephysicalactivityforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5.3. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)of timesperweekengagedinvigorous leisure-timephysicalactivityforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . 47

5.4. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengagedinregular leisure-timephysicalactivity,by typeofactivityandselectedcharacteristics,UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . 50

5.5. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengagedinanyleisure-timestrengtheningactivities,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Chapter66.1. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhowereoverweight,byselected

characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.2. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofbodyweightstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

58

Chapter77.1. Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofusualhoursofsleepforadults18yearsofageandover,

by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Chapter88.1. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengagedinselectedunhealthy

behaviors,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698.2. Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageoverwhoengagedinselectedhealthy

behaviors,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72AppendixTablesI. Completed interviewsandresponseratesbyyear:NationalHealthInterviewSurvey,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77II. Age distribution used in age-adjusting data shown in chapters 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78III. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)of lifetimealcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageand

over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83IV. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentalcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageand

over, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86V. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayat

leastonce in thepastyear,andcrudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinks in1dayonat least12daysinthepastyear,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

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VI. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentdrinkers18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastoncein thepastyear,andcrudepercentages(withstandarderrors)whohadfiveormoredrinks in1dayonat least12daysin thepastyear,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . 90

VII. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oflifetimecigarettesmokingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

VIII. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentcigarettesmokingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,andcrudemeannumber(withstandarderrors)ofcigarettesondayssmokedamongcurrentsmokers18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

IX. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofusualnumberofcigarettesondayssmokedamongallcurrentcigarette

smokers

18

years

of

age

and

over,

by

selected

characteristics:

United

States,

average

annual,

20052007

. . . .

97X. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofageofsmoking initiationamongcurrentcigarettesmokers

18 years of age and over: United States, average annual, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100XI. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentcigarettesmokers18yearsofageandoverwho triedtoquit

smokingin thepastyear,bycurrentsmokingstatusandselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

XII. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofleisure-timephysicalactivitystatusforadults18yearsofageandoverandcrudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengaged insomebut lessthanregularandregular leisure-timephysicalactivity,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

XIII. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oftimesperweekengaged in light-moderateleisure-timephysicalactivityforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007... 109

XIV. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oftimesperweekengaged invigorousleisure-timephysicalactivityforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . 112XV. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengagedinregular leisure-timephysicalactivity,by typeofactivityandselectedcharacteristics,UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . 115

XVI. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengaged inany leisure-timestrengtheningactivities,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

XVII. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhowereoverweight,byselectedcharacteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

XVIII. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofbodyweightstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,byselected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

XIX. Crudepercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofusualhoursofsleepforadults18yearsofageandover,byselected characteristics: United States, average annual, 20052007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

XX. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengagedinselectedunhealthybehaviors,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

XXI. Crudepercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhoengagedinselectedhealthybehaviors,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

XXII. Numberofadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007 ... 132

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ObjectiveThisreportpresentsselected

prevalenceestimatesforkey indicatorsofalcoholuse,cigarettesmoking,leisure-timephysicalactivity,bodyweightstatus,andsleepamongU.S.adults,usingdatafromthe20052007NationalHealthInterviewSurvey(NHIS).TheNHIS isconductedannuallybytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsNationalCenterforHealthStatistics.Estimatesareshownforseveralsociodemographicsubgroupsforbothsexescombinedandformenandwomenseparately.Thesubgroupsarecompared intermsoftheirprevalenceof healthyand unhealthybehaviors.Methods

DatafortheU.S.civiliannoninstitutionalizedpopulationwerecollectedbytheNHISusingcomputer-assistedpersonal interviews(CAPI).Questionsonhealthbehaviorswereaskedofonerandomlyselectedadultperfamily intheSampleAdultcomponentofthebasiccorequestionnaire.Thisreport isbasedonatotalof79,096completed interviewswithsampleadultsaged18yearsandover,representinganoverallsampleadultresponserateof69.2%forthe3yearscombined.Statisticsshown inthisreportwereageadjustedtothe2000U.S.standardpopulation.Results

Overall,6 in10(61.2%)U.S.adultswerecurrentdrinkers in20052007;about1 in4adults(24.6%)werelifetimeabstainers.About1 in5adults(20.4%)werecurrentsmokersandoverone-halfofadults(58.5%)hadneversmokedcigarettes.About4 in10(42.5%)currentsmokerstriedtoquitsmoking inthepastyear.About6 in10adultsengaged inat leastsomeleisure-timephysicalactivitywithabout3 in10regularlyengaging insuchactivities.About6 in10adultswereoverweightorobese(BMI>25),withabout4 in10adultsbeingofhealthyweight.About6 in10adultsusuallyslept7to8hours ina24-hourperiod.Keywords: smoking c leisure-timephysicalactivitycbodyweightcsleep

HealthBehaviorsofAdults:UnitedStates,20052007byCharlotteA.Schoenborn,M.P.H.,andPatriciaF.Adams,DivisionofHealthInterviewStatistics

Chapter1Introduction

ThisreportdescribesprevalenceofselectedhealthbehaviorsamongU.S.adultsaged18yearsofageandoverduringtheperiod20052007.Estimatesforalcoholconsumption,cigarettesmoking,leisuretimephysicalactivity,bodyweightstatus,andhoursofsleepareshownformajorpopulationsubgroups.

Preventionofdisease throughpromotionofexercise,fitness,goodnutrition,andhealthy lifestyles isapriorityof theU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(HHS), theU.S.governmentsprincipalagencyforprotectingthehealthofallAmericans(1).SincethefirstSurgeonGeneralsreportonhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention in1979,HHShasledafederalpreventioninitiativecalledHealthyPeople,bringing togetheracoalitionofexpertsfromfederal,state,and localgovernmentsandtheprivatesector tosetnationalhealthpromotionanddiseasepreventionobjectives(25).TheseHealthyPeopleobjectives,whicharerevisedandupdatedevery10years,encompassawiderangeofdomainsincludingthehealthcaresystem,healthpolicy, theenvironment,andhealthbehaviors.Scientific investigationson thehealthconsequencesofselectedhealthbehaviorshaveexpandeddramaticallysincethefirstHealthyPeopleobjectiveswereestablished.Summariesoftheexistingliteraturehavebeenpublishedforkeyhealthbehaviors, includingtobaccouse(6),alcoholuse(7),physicalactivity(8),overweightand

obesity(9),andsleep(10).InagenciesacrossHHS,otherfederaldepartments,andtheprivatesector,researchcontinues inaneffort to increaseunderstandingofthenatureof theassociationsbetweenhealthbehaviorsandhealthoutcomes,todeterminethemosteffectivewaysofcommunicatingthesehealthrisks tothepublic,andtomonitorprogressinthis importantpublichealthmission(1123).Despiteevidenceofthepotentialharmofsomehealthbehaviorsandsubstantialeffortstodisseminatethis informationtothepublic,manyAmericanscontinuetoengageinhealthbehaviors thatputthematriskofchronicdiseaseanddisability.

Monitoringprevalenceofselectedhealthbehaviorsacrossmajorpopulationsubgroupscanhelpidentifygroupsthatare less likely tohaveadoptedhealthpromotingbehaviorsandconsequentlyareatgreaterriskfordiseasesanddisabilitiesassociatedwiththosehealthbehaviors.Suchinformationcanbeusedtomoreeffectivelytailorinterventionstoreach themostvulnerablepopulations.

TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventions(CDC)NationalCenterforHealthStatistics(NCHS)hasbeeninstrumental inmonitoringprogresstowardachievinghealthpromotionanddiseasepreventionobjectivessince the1980s.TheNationalHealthInterviewSurvey(NHIS)hasbeenamajordatacollectiontoolforthiseffort,particularlyformonitoringhealthbehaviorchange.TheNHISprovideddata tomonitor theprogress towardachievingthe1990NationalHealthObjectivesandtheHealthyPeople2000objectivesusingsupplementalquestionnaires(2427).In1997,asthe

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Page2 [ Series10,No.245HealthyPeople2010healthpromotionanddiseasepreventionobjectiveswerebeingdeveloped,NHISintroducedquestionsonselectedhealthbehaviorsintotheNHISannualSampleAdultCorequestionnaireaspartofamajorquestionnaireredesign(28).Manyofthese

questions,

asked

of

one

sample

adultaged18yearsandoverineachNHISinterviewedfamily,havebeenusedtomonitorprogresstowardachievingtheHealthyPeople2010objectives.Thebehaviorsincluded intheSampleAdultCorequestionnairearealcoholuse,cigarettesmoking,leisuretimephysicalactivity,height,weight,and(beginning in2004)hoursofsleep.Thequestionshaveremainedessentiallyunchangedsince1997.

Thecurrentreportis thefourthreportbasedontheNHISannualcorequestionnairedevotedexclusively toprevalenceofadulthealthbehaviors.Reportshavebeenpreviouslypublishedfor19971998,19992001,and20022004(2934).Eachreportprovidesageadjustedandunadjustedestimatesforbothsexesandformenandwomenseparately,byselectedsociodemographiccharacteristics.Tofacilitatecomparisonoffindingsacrossdatayears, theformatandcontentofthesereportshaveremainedconstanttotheextentpossible.Eachreportoffersunique information,however,andreadersareencouraged torefertoearlierreportsforadditionaldetailsabout:(a)thebackgroundofeachof theNHIShealthbehaviormeasures(2932);(b)changestotheNHISraceandethnicityvariables(33);(c)activitiesoffederalagenciesandselectedprivatesectororganizationsintheareasofhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention(34).Analysisof trends isbeyondthescopeof thecurrentreport.However,allreportsareavailableontheNationalCenterforHealthStatisticswebsiteatwww.cdc.gov/nchsforreaders interestedincomparingestimatesacrosstimeperiods.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs

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Series10,No.245 [ Page3

Chapter2MethodsDataSource

Thestatisticsshown inthisreportarebasedondatafrom theSampleAdultcomponentofthe20052007NationalHealthInterviewSurveys(NHIS)(3537).NHIS,oneof themajordatacollectionsystemsofNCHS,isasurveyofanationallyrepresentativesampleof theU.S.civiliannoninstitutionalizedhouseholdpopulation.Basichealthanddemographicinformationiscollected intheFamilycomponentforallmembersof thefamily.Adultspresentatthe timeof theinterviewareasked torespondforthemselves.Proxyresponsesareacceptedforadultsnotpresentatthetimeof theinterviewandthosephysicallyormentallyincapableofrespondingforthemselves.Additionalinformation iscollectedononerandomlyselectedadultaged18yearsorover(thatis, thesampleadult)andonerandomlyselectedchildunder18years(that is,thesamplechild)perfamily.Informationon thesampleadultisselfreportedexcept inrarecaseswhenthesampleadultisphysicallyormentallyincapableofresponding.NationalestimatesforabroadrangeofhealthmeasuresforU.S.adults,basedon theNHIS,arepublishedannually(3840).MeasurementofHealthBehaviorsAlcoholuse

Themeasureofalcoholdrinkingstatusincludedin thisreport isconsistentwiththatshowninNCHSsannualreport toCongress titled,Health,UnitedStates(41).Lifetimealcoholdrinkingstatus(Table3.1)

Describeslifetimehistoryofalcoholuseand includesfourmutuallyexclusivecategories:1. Lifetimeabstainersareadultswho

havehadfewer than12drinksintheirentirelife.

2. Formerinfrequentdrinkersareadultswhohavehadat least12drinksin theirlifetime,butfewerthan12drinksinany1yearandnodrinksin thepastyear.

3.Former

regular

drinkers

are

adults

whohadatleast12drinks inasingleyearbutnodrinks in thepastyear.

4. Currentdrinkersareadultswhohavehadatleast12drinks in theirlifetimeandatleastonedrink inthepastyear.

Currentdrinkingstatus(Table3.2)Describesalcoholconsumption

duringthepastyear:1. Nondrinkersareadultswhohadno

drinksin thepastyear(lifetimeabstainersandformerdrinkers).

2. Currentinfrequentdrinkersareadultswhohadatleast12drinks intheir lifetimeand111drinksduringthepastyear.

3. Lightdrinkersareadultswhohadthreeorfewerdrinksperweek,onaverage inthepastyear.

4. Moderatedrinkersarepersonswhohadmore than3drinksanduptoand including7drinksperweek(women),

or

more

than

3

drinks

and

uptoand including14drinksperweek(men),onaverage, in thepastyear.

5. Heavierdrinkersareadultswhohadat least12drinksin theirlifetimeandhadmorethan7drinksperweek(women),ormore than14drinksperweek(men),onaverage,in thepastyear.(SeeAppendixIIfordetails.)

Fiveormoredrinksin1day(Tables3.3and3.4)

Currentdrinkerswereaskedhowmanydaysinthepastyeartheyconsumedfiveormorealcoholicbeverages.Fiveormoredrinksin1dayisameasureofheavyoratriskdrinking(whichmayormaynotbeepisodic).Thequestiononfiveormoredrinksin1daywas included intheNHISquestionnaire togaingreaterunderstandingof typicaldrinkingbehaviorover thecourseoftheyear.It

wasnotdesignedasameasureofbingedrinking,whichusuallyrefers tonumberofdrinksatonesittingorduringa2hourperiod.Thequestionabouthavingfiveormoredrinks in1dayfollowed,butwasentirelyseparatefrom,thequestionsaboutusualdrinkingpractices.

Table

3.3

shows

the

percentageofalladultswhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastonce,andthepercentageofadultswhodrank thisamountat least12timesduring thepastyear, thusshowingtheprevalenceofthisbehavior inthegeneraladultpopulation.Table3.4shows thepercentageofcurrentdrinkerswhohadfiveormoredrinks in1dayat leastonceandthepercentageofadultswhodrankthisamountatleast12 timesduring thepastyear.CigarettesmokingLifetimecigarettesmokingstatus(Table4.1)

Measurementofcigarettesmokingstatushasremainedrelativelyunchangedover thehistoryofNHIS:1. Neversmokersareadultswhohad

neversmokedcigarettesorwhohadsmokedfewer than100cigarettes intheirentire life.Respondentswhohadnotsmokedatleast100cigarettesarenotaskedthequestionsaboutcurrentsmokingpractices.

2. Formersmokersareadultswhohadsmokedatleast100cigarettesintheirentirelifebutwerenotcurrentlysmoking.

3. Currentsmokersareadultswhohadsmokedatleast100cigarettesintheirentirelifeandwerestillsmoking.

ClassificationofcurrentsmokershaschangedslightlyoverthehistoryofNHIS.From1964through1991,currentsmokersweredefinedasthosepersonswhohadsmokedat least100cigarettesin theirentirelifeandansweredyesto thefollowupquestion,Doyousmokenow?In1992,theNHISquestionaboutcurrentsmokingwasmodifiedslightlytobeconsistentwithinternationalsmokingdatasothatdailysmokersandnondailysmokerscouldbe

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Page4 [ Series10,No.245distinguished.Thequestionwaschangedtoread,Doyounowsmokecigaretteseveryday,somedays,ornotatall?Inthisreport,estimatesforallcurrentsmokersareshowninTable4.1.Currentcigarettesmokingstatus(Table4.2)

Thecategorynonsmokerincludespersonswhohadneversmoked100cigarettesin theirentirelife(i.e.,neversmokers)aswellas thosewhosmokedin thepast,butquitsmokingprior to thedateof the interview(i.e.,formersmokers).Nondailysmokersincludeallpersonswhosaidtheysmokedsomedaysregardlessof thenumberofdaystheysmokedinthepast30days.Dailysmokersare thosewhosaidtheysmokedeveryday.Thecategorycurrentsmokerincludesdailyandnondailysmokers.Numberofcigarettesondayssmoked(Table4.2andTable4.3)

Separatequestionsaboutnumberofcigarettessmokedinadaywereaskedofadultswhosmokedeveryday(dailysmokers)andadultswhosmokedonlysomedays(nondailysmokers).Fornondailysmokers, thequestionspecifiedthat theywerebeingaskedabout theaveragenumberofcigarettessmokedonthosedays thattheysmoked.Amountsmoked ispresented intwoways.Table4.2showsthemeannumberofcigarettessmokedondayssmoked,forallsmokers,dailysmokers,andnondailysmokerswhosmokedatleastonce inthepast30days.Table4.3showspercentdistributionsof thenumberofcigarettesusuallysmokedondayssmokedforallsmokers(dailyandnondailycombined):less than15cigarettes,1524cigarettes,2534cigarettes,and35cigarettesormore.Fornondailysmokers,theseestimatesreflect thenumberofcigarettes theseadultssmokedonthedays that theysmoked.Ageofsmoking initiation(Table4.4)

Adultswhohadeversmokedatleast100cigarettesin theirentire lifewereaskedatwhatagetheyfirststartedtosmokefairlyregularly.Dataonageofinitiationshown in thisreportarelimitedtoestimatesforcurrentsmokers(Table4.4).

Attemptstoquitsmoking(Table4.5)Allcurrentsmokerswereasked if

theyhadstoppedsmokingformore than1day in thepastyearbecausetheyweretryingtoquit(Table4.5).Leisure-timephysicalactivityLeisure-timephysicalactivitystatus(Table5.1)

Includes threelevelsofactivity:1. Inactiveengaged inno

lightmoderateorvigorousactivitylastingat least10minutes.

2. Some, less thanregularengagedinany lightmoderateorvigorousactivitybutthefrequencyordurationdidnotmeetthecriteriaforregular.

3. Regularengagedin lightmoderateleisuretimephysicalactivityatleastfivetimesperweek,onaverage,foratleast30minuteseachtimeorvigorousleisuretimephysicalactivityatleast threetimesperweek,onaverage,forat least20minuteseach time.

Inaddition,asummarycategoryatleastsomeisshownforcomparabilitywithearlierreports.In theseearlierreports,responsesofanylightmoderateorvigorousactivity lasting10minutesor longerresulted inaclassificationofatleastsome.Withtherevised,threecategoryindicatorshown inthisreport,classificationof leisuretimephysicalactivitywas limited torespondentswhohadcompleteinformationforbothfrequencyanddurationofboth lightmoderateandvigorous leisuretimephysicalactivity.Thismethodofcalculatingleisuretimephysicalactivity levels isconsistentwithotherpublishedestimates(41,42).Light-moderate leisure-timephysicalactivity(Table5.2)

Thiswasbasedonaquestionthataskedhowoften thepersonengaged inatleast10minutesof lightmoderateleisuretimephysicalactivitythatcausedlightsweatingoraslighttomoderateincreaseinbreathingorheartrate.Answerscouldbeprovidedinany timeunit(perday,perweek,permonth,orperyear).Frequencyofactivitywas

convertedinto timesperweekandthencategorizedasfollows:1.None2.Some,but less thanone timeperweek3.One to twotimesperweek4.Three tofourtimesperweek5.FiveormoretimesperweekThenonecategoryconsistsofallpersonswhoengaged inno lightmoderateactivity, includingsomewhoengaged inonlyvigorousactivity.Theindicatorforlightmoderatephysicalactivityshown inthisreportisdesignedtoestimatethepercentageofadultswhoassesstheir levelof leisuretimephysicalactivity tobein thelightmoderaterange.The indicatorherediffersfrom themeasureofmoderateactivityusedfor trackingprogresstoward theHealthyPeople2010objectives;the latterencompassesallactivitythatisatleastlightmoderate(includingvigorousactivity).Vigorous leisure-timephysicalactivity(Table5.3)

Thiscategorywasbasedonaquestion thataskedhowoftenthepersonengagedinatleast10minutesofvigorousactivity thatcausedheavysweatingor large increases inbreathingorheartrate.Responseoptionswereidentical tothoseof thelightmoderateactivityquestionandfrequencywascategorizedinthesamemanner.

Questionsaskingaboutlightmoderate leisuretimephysicalactivityandvigorousleisuretimephysicalactivitywereindependent,with thequestionaboutvigorousactivityaskedfirst.Respondentscouldhavereportedengaging inonly lightmoderateactivity,onlyvigorousactivity,both typesofactivity,orneitherone.Table5.1presentsdataforthe two typesofactivitycombined,whereasTables5.2and5.3presentdataforfrequencyofengaging ineach typeofactivityseparately.Regularleisure-timephysicalactivity(Table5.4)

Thiscategorycombinesfrequencyanddurationofeachactivityseparately:1. Regular light-moderateactivityis

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Page6 [ Series10,No.245havelostmusclemass,suchastheelderly.

Mostof thehealthbehaviorsincluded in thisreportaredescribedintermsofusualoraveragebehavior.Questionsweredesignedtoelicitinformation thatwouldcharacterizerespondents

typical

health

behaviors

anddonotallowdetailedexplorationofpatternsofhealthbehavior.Inadditionto thequestionsbeingofageneralnature, theindicatorsdescribedpreviouslyandshowninChapters38furthergeneralizeadulthealthbehaviorcharacteristicsinanefforttoprovideameaningfuloverviewformajorpopulationsubgroups.

Thestrengthofthisapproach is thatitprovidesasnapshotoftheimportantsubgroupsof theU.S.population in termsofgeneralhealthbehavioralcharacteristics.It ispossibletoestimatewhichgroupsaremost likelytodrinkheavily(onaverage),smokecigarettesdailyorlessthandaily,becompletelysedentaryorirregularlyactive in their leisuretime,beoverweightorobese,andgetfewerthan7 to8hoursofsleep.Together,theseestimateshelppinpoint thegroupswhomightbenefitmostfromhealtheducationorotherinterventions.Suchestimatesdonot,however, identifysomeimportantpatternsofunhealthybehaviors.Forexample,thedatacollected inNHISdonotallowforclearidentificationofepisodicheavy(binge)drinkers,irregularities inexercisepatterns,fluctuations inbodyweightstatus,orsleeppatterns(sleepingatnightversusnapping).Some informationonpatterns iscapturedforsmoking,withaseriesofquestionsaddressedtopersonswhosmokedcigarettesonalessthandailybasis.Adiscussionofthehistoryof theNHIShealthbehaviormeasures, includingtheirstrengthsandlimitations, isavailable(2932).StatisticalAnalysis

Threeyearsofdatawerecombinedto increasereliabilityoftheestimatesforsomeof thesmallerpopulationsubgroups.Evenwiththe3yearsofdata,thestandarderrorsforsomesubgroupsarequite large.In tablesshowninthisreport,estimateswitha

relativestandarderrorgreaterthan30%andless thanorequal to50%areconsideredstatisticallyunreliableandare indicatedwithanasterisk(*).Readersshouldexercisecautionwheninterpretingthesestatistics.Adagger()issubstitutedforestimateswitharelative

standard

error

greater

than

50%.

Theseestimatesarenotreliableandthereforearenotshown.

ThehouseholdresponseratefortheNHISdatayears20052007was86.9%.Thisreportisbasedondatafrom79,096completed interviewswithsampleadultsaged18yearsandover.AmongadultsidentifiedininterviewedhouseholdsaseligiblefortheSampleAdultcomponent, thecombined(conditional)responseratewas80%.ThefinalSampleAdultresponseratefor the3yearscombined,which takesintoaccountbothFamilyandSampleAdultinterviewnonresponse,was69.2%.Proceduresusedincalculatingresponseratesaredescribed indetailinAppendixIof theSurveyDescriptionoftheNHISdatafiles(3537).

Allestimatesandassociatedstandarderrorsshownin thisreportweregeneratedusingSUDAAN,asoftwarepackage that isdesignedtohandleacomplexsampledesignsuchasthatusedbyNHIS(53).Allestimateswereweighted,using theSampleAdultRecordWeight, toreflect theU.S.civiliannoninstitutionalizedpopulationaged18yearsandover.

Mostestimatespresentedinthisreportwereageadjusted totheprojected2000U.S.standardpopulationaged18yearsandover(54,55).Ageadjustmentwasused toallowcomparisonamongvarioussociodemographicsubgroupsthathavedifferentagestructures.Theagecategoriesusedtoageadjust the20052007estimatesare thesameasthoseusedfor the19992001and20022004reportsonhealthbehaviorsofU.S.adults:1844years,4564years,and65yearsandover(33,34).Theagegroupsused in thefirstsetofreportsonadulthealthbehaviorsfromtheNHISSampleAdultCorequestionnaire(19971998)wereslightlydifferent:1824years,2544years,4564years,and65yearsandover(2932).Thetwoyoungeragegroupswerecombinedin thesubsequentreports

to improvestabilityoftheestimates.Thesameprojected2000U.S.standardpopulationwasusedforallreports.Tablesshowingcrude(unadjusted)estimatesbyrace,HispanicorLatinooriginandrace,education,povertystatus,maritalstatus,andgeographicregion

are

available

in

Appendix

III.

Thesecrudeestimatescanbeused inconjunctionwith thepopulationestimates(TableXXII)tocalculate thenumbersofpersonsineachcategoryshownin thetablesof thisreport.

Ageadjustedestimateswerecomparedusing twotailed ttestsatthe0.05 level.Noadjustmentsweremadeformultiplecomparisons.Termssuchasgreater thanandlessthanindicateastatisticallysignificantdifference.Termssuchassimilarornodifferenceindicatethatthestatisticsbeingcomparedwerenotsignificantlydifferent.Lackofcommentregardingthedifferencebetweenanytwostatisticsdoesnotmeanthat thedifferencewastestedandfoundtobenotsignificant.

MoststatisticspresentedinthisreportcanbereplicatedusingNHISpublicusedatafilesandwebsiteat:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.Dataforsomeofthesmallerraceandethnicitysubgroupsarenot includedonthepublicusedatafiles toprotectrespondentconfidentiality,andthereforecorrespondingestimatescannotbereplicated.Manyof thereferencescitedin thisreportarealsoavailableviatheNCHSwebsiteat:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchshttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm

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Series10,No.245 [ Page7

Chapter3AlcoholUseAllAdults+ Overall,61.2%ofU.S.adultswere

currentdrinkers,about14%wereformerdrinkers,24.6%adultswerelifetimeabstainers,andabout5%ofadultswereclassifiedasheavierdrinkers(Tables3.1and3.2).

+ Aboutoneinfiveadultshadfiveormoredrinks in1dayatleastonce inthepastyear.Amongcurrentdrinkers,nearlyone inthreehadfiveormoredrinksin1dayin thepastyear(Tables3.3and3.4).

Sex+ Men(67.6%)weremore likely than

women(55.3%)tobecurrentdrinkers,whilewomen(30.9%)werenearlytwiceas likelyasmen(17.7%)tobe lifetimeabstainers(Table3.1).

+ Men(22.1%)wereabout threetimesaslikelyaswomen(7.4%) tobemoderatedrinkersandsomewhatmorelikelythanwomentobeheavierdrinkers(Table3.2).

+ Menweremore than twiceaslikelyaswomentohavehadfiveormoredrinks in1dayat leastonceinthepastyearandmorethan threetimesas likelyaswomen tohavehadthismuch todrinkin1dayonatleast12daysduring thepastyear(Table3.3).

Age+ Currentdrinkingwasmostprevalent

amongadultsaged2544yearsforbothmen(75.2%)andwomen(62.4%)anddeclinedsteadilywithagefrom45yearsofageon(Table3.1andFigure3.1.).

+ Consumptionoffiveormoredrinksin1dayat leastonceinthepastyearwasstronglyassociatedwithageforbothmenandwomen.Ratesofconsumingfiveormoredrinks in1dayat leastonceinthepastyeardeclinedwithagefromabout41%formenintheyoungestagegroup

toabout4.0%formenintheoldestagegroupandfrom23%forwomenintheyoungestagegroupto lessthan1%in theoldestagegroup(Table3.3andFigure3.2).

Race+ Whitemen(69.9%)weremore

likelythanblackmen(57.3%)andAsianmen(55.3%)tobecurrentdrinkers.Nearly6in10AmericanIndianorAlaskaNativemen(57.5%)andalmostonehalfofNativeHawaiianorOtherPacificIslandermen(45.0%)werecurrentdrinkers.Whitewomen(59.0%)weremorelikelytobecurrent

0

20

40

60

80

Percent

1824 2544 4564 6574 75 andoverAge in years

Men

Women

NOTE: Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.

DATA SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 20052007.

Figure3.1.Percentageofadultswhowerecurrentdrinkers,byageandsex:UnitedStates,20052007

drinkers thanblackwomen(40.2%),AmericanIndianorAlaskaNativewomen(45.3%),andAsianwomen(31.8%)(Table3.1andFigure3.3).

+ Lifetimeabstinencewashighest(47.8%)amongAsianadultscomparedwithmostotherracegroupsshown(Table3.1).

+ Whiteadultsweremorelikely thanblackadultstobeheavierdrinkersregardlessofsex.(Table3.2).

++ Whitemen(31.0%)weremorelikely thanblackmen(19.2%)andmore than twiceaslikelyasAsianmen(14.1%)tohavehadfiveormoredrinks in1dayinthepastyear(Table3.3andFigure3.4).

Men

Women

NOTE: Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.


0

10

20

30

40

50

1824 2544 4564 6574 75 andover

Perce

nt

Age in years

Figure3.2.Percentageofadultswhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastonce inpastyear,byageandsex:UnitedStates,20052007

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Page8 [ Series10,No.245

HispanicorLatinoOriginandRace+ NonHispanicadults(62.8%)were

morelikely thanHispanicadults(50.8%)tobecurrentdrinkers(Table3.1).

+ NonHispanicmen(6.1%)weremorelikely thanHispanicmen(3.8%) tobeheavierdrinkers,andnonHispanicwomen(4.7%)weremore than threetimesas likelyasHispanicwomen(1.5%) tobeheavierdrinkers(Table3.2).

+ NonHispanicwhitemen(32.0%)weremore likely thanHispanicmen(27.0%)tohaveconsumedfiveormoredrinks in1dayinthepastyear.NonHispanicwhitewomen(16.0%)wereabouttwiceas likelyasHispanicwomen(7.0%)tohaveconsumedfiveormoredrinks in1dayinthepastyear(Table3.3andFigure3.5).

Education+ Theprevalenceofcurrentdrinking

increasedwitheducationfrom44.3%foradultswithless thanahighschooldiplomato73.9%foradultswithagraduatedegree(Table3.1).

+ Sexdifferences incurrentdrinkingprevalenceweregreatestamongadultswithfeweryearsofeducation.Amongadultswithlessthanahighschooldiploma,56.5%ofmenand31.8%ofwomenwerecurrentdrinkers.Amongadultswhohadsome typeofcollegedegree,over70%ofmenandover60%ofwomenwerecurrentdrinkers(Table3.1andFigure3.6.).

+ Menwithlessthanahighschooldiploma(10.4%)weremore thantwiceaslikelyasmenwhoheldadvanceddegrees(4.6%) tobeformerregulardrinkers(Table3.1).

+ MenwhohadearnedaGeneralEducationalDevelopment(GED)diploma(9.1%)weremore likely tobeheavierdrinkersthanmenwhohadgraduatedfromhighschool(6.2%)andmenwhohadneitherahighschooldiplomanoraGED(6.2%)(Table3.2).

NOTES: Estimates are age adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population. Estimates arebased on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population.


0

20

40

60

80

Men Women

Pe

rcent

White Black or AfricanAmerican

American Indianor Alaska Native

Asian Native Hawaiianor Other PacificIslander69.9

57.3 57.5 55.3

45.0

59.0

40.245.3

31.8

46.4

Figure3.3.Percentageofadultswhowerecurrentdrinkers,byraceandsex:UnitedStates,20052007

+ AdultswhohadearnedaGED PovertyStatus(24.8%)weremore likely thanadultswhowerehighschool + Theprevalenceofcurrentdrinkinggraduates(19.5%)andadultswith increaseddramaticallywithfamilylessthanahighschooldiploma income:45.2%ofadultshaving(17.8%) tohavehadfiveormore family incomesbelowthepovertydrinks in1dayatleastonceduring levelwerecurrentdrinkersthepastyear(Table3.3and comparedwith72.6%ofadultswhoFigure3.7.). hadfamilyincomesfour times the

NOTES: Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Estimatesare age adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population.


31.0

14.4

19.2

6.0

34.0

14.614.1

4.5

0

5

15

20

10

25

30

35

Men Women

White Black or AfricanAmerican

American Indianor Alaska Native

Asian

Percent

Figure3.4.Percentageofadultswhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastonce inpastyear,byraceandsex:UnitedStates,20052007

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General Educational Development High school Some collegeLess thanhigh school (GED) high school equivalency graduate

diploma

Associate of arts degree Bachelors degree Graduate degree

78.1 76.18072.2 71.5

69.5 68.164.1 63.3 60.9 61.7

56.560

49.2 50.2

31.8

Men Women

NOTES: Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Estimatesage adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population.


Percent

40

20

0

are

statusgroup tobekers(Table3.2).tingadults(28.9%)werekelythanmarriedadults)tohavehadfiveormoren1dayatleastoncein thear(Table3.3).

Figure3.6.Percentageofadultswhowerecurrentdrinkers,byeducationandsex:UnitedStates,20052007

Series10,No.245 [ Page9povertylevelormore.Personswithfamilyincomesbelowthepovertylevel(36.2%)weremore than twiceaslikelyasadultswithfamilyincomesfourtimesthepoverty levelormore(16.8%) tobelifetimeabstainers(Table3.1).

+Men

with

family

incomes

below

the

poverty level(6.7%)weremorelikely thanmenin thehighestfamilyincomegroup(5.3%)tobeheavierdrinkers,whereasthereversewas trueforwomen;womenwithfamilyincomesbelowthepovertylevel(3.5%)werelesslikelythanwomen in thehighest incomegroups(5.3%) tobeheavierdrinkers(Table3.2).

+ Adultsintheupperfamily incomegroupsweremorelikely tohavehadfiveormoredrinksin1dayat leastoncein thepastyearthanwereadults in the lowerfamilyincomegroups(Table3.3).

+ Amongcurrentdrinkers,menandwomenwithfamilyincomesbelowthepovertylevelweremore likelythan thoseinthehighestfamilyincomegroup tohavehadfiveormoredrinksin1dayonat least12daysin thepastyear(Table3.4).

MaritalStatus+ Theprevalenceoflifetime

abstentionfromalcoholwashighestamongnevermarriedadults(30.4%)andwidowedadults(31.4%)andlowestamongcohabitingadults(13.9%)(Table3.1).

+ Cohabitingadults(8.6%)anddivorcedorseparatedadults(6.4%)weremore likely thanmarriedadults(3.8%) tobeheavierdrinkers.Widowedadults(49.9%)weremorelikelythanadultsinanyothermaritalnondrin

+ Cohabimoreli(17.7%

drinksipastye

NOTES: Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Estimatesare age adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population.


27.0

7.0

32.0

16.0

19.0

5.9

Men Women

Hispanic Non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic black

Perc

ent

5

0

15

20

10

25

30

35

Figure3.5.Percentageofadultswhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastonce inpastyear,byHispanicoriginandraceandsex:UnitedStates,20052007

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High schoolLess than General Educational Development Some collegehigh school (GED) high school equivalency graduate

diploma

Associate of arts degree Bachelors degree Graduate degree

Percent

24.825

22.7 22.421.5

19.52017.717.8

15

10

5

0Both sexes

NOTES: Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Estimates are age adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population.


Page10 [ Series10,No.245

GeographicRegion+ Adultsliving intheSouthwereless

likely tobecurrentdrinkers thanadultslivingintheNortheast,Midwest,orWest.Lifetimeabstentionwashighestamongadultslivingin theSouthcomparedwithadultslivingintheotherregions.(Table3.1).

Figure3.7.Percentageofadultswhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastonce inpastyear,byeducation:Unitedstates,20052007

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Series10,No.245 [ Page11Table3.1.Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oflifetimealcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007

Lifetimealcoholdrinkingstatus1Lifetime Former Former

Selectedcharacteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular CurrentBothsexes Percentdistribution(standarderror)

Ages18yearsandover(age-adjusted)2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 24.6 (0.32) 8.1 (0.14) 6.2 (0.15) 61.2 (0.31)Ages18yearsandover(crude)2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 24.4 (0.32) 8.2 (0.14) 6.3 (0.15) 61.2 (0.31)Age:3

1824years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 35.8 (0.85) 2.9 (0.25) 1.7 (0.17) 60.0 (0.88)2544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 20.9 (0.38) 6.1 (0.19) 4.4 (0.16) 68.7 (0.41)4564years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 20.4 (0.38) 9.9 (0.25) 7.7 (0.24) 62.1 (0.42)6574years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 28.2 (0.68) 13.8 (0.48) 10.6 (0.46) 47.5 (0.74)75yearsandover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.1 (0.75) 14.1 (0.47) 12.2 (0.49) 37.6 (0.74)

Race:White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.7 (0.34) 7.9 (0.16) 6.3 (0.17) 64.2 (0.34)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.1 (0.72) 10.0 (0.33) 6.5 (0.31) 47.7 (0.64)AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,singlerace . . . . . . . . 100.0 28.5 (3.60) 10.1 (1.39) 10.0 (1.51) 51.5 (3.10)Asian, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 47.8 (1.06) 6.3 (0.55) 3.0 (0.35) 43.1 (1.01)NativeHawaiianorOtherPacific Islander,singlerace. . . . 100.0 37.7 (6.80) *9.8 (3.37) *6.0 (2.87) 46.4 (5.58)Twoormoreraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 23.5 (1.74) 12.8 (1.36) 11.1 (1.14) 53.0 (1.87)

BlackorAfricanAmerican,white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 32.0 (5.15) *10.5 (3.79) *10.4 (3.12) 47.1 (4.69)American

Indian

or

Alaska

Native,

white

. . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

20.4

(2.37)

12.3

(2.07)

13.5

(1.63)

54.3

(2.65)

HispanicorLatinooriginandrace:

HispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 35.8 (0.60) 7.8 (0.33) 5.8 (0.28) 50.8 (0.59)Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 37.2 (0.78) 7.9 (0.45) 6.8 (0.42) 48.3 (0.74)

NotHispanicorLatino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 22.9 (0.35) 8.2 (0.15) 6.3 (0.16) 62.8 (0.33)White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.0 (0.38) 7.9 (0.17) 6.4 (0.19) 66.8 (0.37)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.3 (0.73) 9.9 (0.33) 6.5 (0.32) 47.5 (0.65)

Education:Lessthanhighschoolgraduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 37.1 (0.62) 10.7 (0.33) 8.3 (0.30) 44.3 (0.56)GEDdiploma4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.6 (1.24) 12.0 (0.90) 9.8 (0.78) 56.8 (1.37)Highschoolgraduate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 28.1 (0.54) 9.0 (0.25) 6.5 (0.27) 56.6 (0.51)Somecollegenodegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.4 (0.50) 7.9 (0.28) 5.9 (0.27) 64.9 (0.57)Associateofartsdegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.3 (0.60) 8.3 (0.40) 6.2 (0.36) 66.3 (0.72)Bachelorofarts,sciencedegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 17.1 (0.46) 5.6 (0.27) 4.3 (0.22) 73.1 (0.53)Masters,doctorate,medicaldegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 17.0 (0.62) 4.9 (0.31) 4.1 (0.28) 73.9 (0.68)

Povertystatus:5Belowpoverty level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.2 (0.72) 10.6 (0.40) 8.3 (0.36) 45.2 (0.72)1and

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Page12 [ Series10,No.245Table3.1.Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oflifetimealcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007Con.


Selectedcharacteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular CurrentMenCon. Percentdistribution(standarderror)

Race:White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 15.5 (0.38) 7.0 (0.20) 7.7 (0.23) 69.9 (0.39)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 26.6 (0.95) 8.0 (0.48) 8.4 (0.49) 57.3 (1.01)AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,singlerace . . . . . . . . 100.0 18.7 (3.27) 10.7 (2.67) 13.0 (2.26) 57.5 (3.47)Asian, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 33.5 (1.43) 7.4 (0.78) 4.1 (0.64) 55.3 (1.50)NativeHawaiianorOtherPacificIslander,singlerace. . . . 100.0 38.9 (9.66) *9.4 (4.39) 45.0 (7.95)Twoormoreraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.7 (2.55) 10.6 (1.94) 14.7 (2.07) 55.8 (3.01)

BlackorAfricanAmerican,white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.9 (5.42) 17.5 (2.98) 52.1 (7.74)AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,white. . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 16.2 (2.97) 10.1 (2.49) 17.1 (2.86) 57.3 (4.01)

HispanicorLatinooriginandrace:HispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.9 (0.75) 7.7 (0.49) 7.4 (0.45) 63.1 (0.82)

Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 22.3 (1.00) 7.6 (0.68) 8.8 (0.66) 61.5 (1.01)NotHispanicorLatino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 16.9 (0.39) 7.1 (0.20) 7.8 (0.23) 68.3 (0.39)

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 14.2 (0.43) 6.9 (0.22) 7.8 (0.26) 71.2 (0.44)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 26.6 (0.97) 8.0 (0.49) 8.5 (0.50) 57.2 (1.03)

Education:Less

than

high

school

graduate

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

23.6

(0.77)

9.9

(0.47)

10.4

(0.46)

56.5

(0.81)

GEDdiploma4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 12.8 (1.40) 11.3 (1.40) 12.1 (1.26) 64.1 (1.88)Highschoolgraduate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 20.7 (0.67) 7.7 (0.33) 8.6 (0.41) 63.3 (0.69)Somecollegenodegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 16.1 (0.68) 6.7 (0.41) 7.8 (0.45) 69.5 (0.80)Associateofartsdegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 13.8 (0.77) 6.7 (0.54) 7.5 (0.58) 72.2 (0.99)Bachelorofarts,sciencedegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 12.3 (0.56) 4.9 (0.36) 4.7 (0.31) 78.1 (0.69)Masters,doctorate,medicaldegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 14.6 (0.82) 4.7 (0.46) 4.6 (0.44) 76.1 (0.94)

Povertystatus:5Belowpoverty level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 25.0 (1.03) 9.3 (0.65) 11.1 (0.65) 54.9 (1.11)1and

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Series10,No.245 [ Page13Table3.1.Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)oflifetimealcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007Con.


Selectedcharacteristic Total abstainer infrequent regular CurrentWomenCon. Percentdistribution(standarderror)

HispanicorLatinooriginandrace:HispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 49.3 (0.79) 8.1 (0.41) 4.5 (0.34) 38.2 (0.75)

Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 52.5 (1.00) 8.3 (0.56) 5.1 (0.49) 34.2 (0.94)NotHispanicorLatino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 28.1 (0.42) 9.1 (0.20) 5.0 (0.17) 57.9 (0.42)

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 23.3 (0.46) 8.8 (0.23) 5.1 (0.20) 62.9 (0.47)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.6 (0.87) 11.5 (0.46) 5.1 (0.36) 39.9 (0.75)

Education:Less thanhighschoolgraduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 50.3 (0.79) 11.5 (0.45) 6.6 (0.37) 31.8 (0.69)GEDdiploma4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 30.7 (1.85) 12.7 (1.28) 7.6 (0.99) 49.2 (1.87)Highschoolgraduate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.7 (0.68) 10.3 (0.35) 4.9 (0.29) 50.2 (0.67)Somecollegenodegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 25.8 (0.66) 8.9 (0.40) 4.4 (0.27) 60.9 (0.71)Associateofartsdegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 23.4 (0.82) 9.5 (0.56) 5.4 (0.44) 61.7 (0.94)Bachelorofarts,sciencedegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 21.9 (0.64) 6.2 (0.38) 3.9 (0.29) 68.1 (0.73)Masters,doctorate,medicaldegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 19.9 (0.87) 5.1 (0.43) 3.4 (0.34) 71.5 (0.94)

Povertystatus:5Belowpoverty level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.6 (0.83) 11.5 (0.48) 6.7 (0.40) 38.4 (0.82)

1and

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Page14 [ Series10,No.245Table3.2.Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentalcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007

Currentalcoholdrinkingstatus1Selectedcharacteristic Total Nondrinker Infrequent Light Moderate Heavier

Bothsexes Percentdistribution(standarderror)Ages18yearsandover(age-adjusted)2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 38.8 (0.31) 12.3 (0.16) 29.3 (0.23) 14.4 (0.18) 5.0 (0.12)Ages18yearsandover(crude)2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 38.8 (0.31) 12.4 (0.16) 29.2 (0.23) 14.5 (0.18) 5.0 (0.12)Age:3

1824years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 40.0 (0.88) 9.1 (0.41) 30.4 (0.68) 13.4 (0.52) 6.8 (0.41)2544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 31.3 (0.41) 13.3 (0.26) 34.8 (0.37) 15.7 (0.29) 4.9 (0.18)4564years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 37.9 (0.42) 13.4 (0.28) 28.2 (0.36) 15.0 (0.29) 5.4 (0.17)6574years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 52.5 (0.74) 11.2 (0.43) 19.7 (0.54) 12.5 (0.49) 4.0 (0.32)75yearsandover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 62.4 (0.74) 10.3 (0.44) 14.6 (0.53) 10.3 (0.45) 2.2 (0.21)

Race:White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 35.8 (0.34) 12.3 (0.18) 30.6 (0.26) 15.7 (0.21) 5.4 (0.14)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 52.3 (0.64) 12.2 (0.39) 22.8 (0.50) 9.1 (0.34) 3.4 (0.22)AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,singlerace . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.5 (3.10) 14.0 (1.76) 22.1 (1.88) 10.6 (1.85) 4.6 (1.14)Asian, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 56.9 (1.01) 11.0 (0.63) 23.3 (0.83) 7.1 (0.52) 1.5 (0.24)NativeHawaiianorOtherPacific Islander,singlerace. . . . 100.0 53.6 (5.58) *5.7 (2.77) 23.9 (4.61) *6.7 (2.40) *10.1 (3.77)Twoormoreraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 47.0 (1.87) 13.6 (1.33) 23.0 (1.56) 10.0 (1.22) 6.0 (0.96)

BlackorAfricanAmerican,white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 52.9 (4.69) 14.3 (2.83) 22.4 (4.34) *5.6 (1.76) *4.8 (1.85)AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,white. . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 45.7 (2.65) 12.2 (1.91) 22.9 (2.43) 11.7 (1.98) 7.1 (1.48)

HispanicorLatinooriginandrace:HispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 49.2 (0.59) 12.1 (0.39) 24.9 (0.49) 10.9 (0.36) 2.6 (0.17)

Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 51.7 (0.74) 10.7 (0.46) 23.3 (0.59) 11.3 (0.46) 2.7 (0.21)NotHispanicorLatino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 37.2 (0.33) 12.4 (0.18) 30.0 (0.26) 14.9 (0.20) 5.4 (0.13)

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 33.2 (0.37) 12.4 (0.20) 31.7 (0.29) 16.5 (0.24) 6.0 (0.16)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 52.5 (0.65) 12.1 (0.39) 22.8 (0.51) 9.0 (0.34) 3.3 (0.23)

Education:Lessthanhighschoolgraduate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 55.7 (0.56) 10.2 (0.33) 19.4 (0.45) 9.8 (0.35) 4.5 (0.23)GEDdiploma4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.2 (1.37) 12.8 (0.94) 23.7 (1.14) 12.8 (0.96) 7.2 (0.70)Highschoolgraduate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.4 (0.51) 13.0 (0.31) 25.9 (0.42) 12.5 (0.30) 5.0 (0.20)Somecollegenodegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 35.1 (0.57) 13.3 (0.37) 30.7 (0.49) 14.6 (0.39) 6.1 (0.27)Associateofartsdegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 33.7 (0.72) 14.9 (0.49) 31.9 (0.66) 14.9 (0.50) 4.5 (0.32)Bachelorofarts,sciencedegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 26.9 (0.53) 11.9 (0.35) 36.3 (0.54) 19.5 (0.46) 5.3 (0.28)Masters,doctorate,medicaldegree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 26.1 (0.68) 10.7 (0.47) 39.7 (0.76) 19.8 (0.62) 3.6 (0.31)

Povertystatus:5Below

poverty

level

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

54.8

(0.72)

10.7

(0.38)

20.0

(0.48)

9.4

(0.40)

4.8

(0.31)

1and

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Series10,No.245 [ Page15Table3.2.Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentalcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007Con.


MenCon. Percentdistribution(standarderror)Race:

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 30.1 (0.39) 9.0 (0.22) 31.1 (0.37) 23.6 (0.33) 6.0 (0.21)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.7 (1.01) 9.6 (0.57) 26.5 (0.83) 16.1 (0.69) 4.8 (0.43)AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,singlerace . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.5 (3.47) 8.1 (1.81) 26.9 (2.88) 16.4 (3.32) *5.6 (1.92)Asian, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 44.7 (1.50) 11.3 (0.94) 30.3 (1.35) 11.5 (0.98) 2.0 (0.39)NativeHawaiianorOtherPacificIslander,singlerace. . . . 100.0 55.0 (7.95) *15.9 (5.55) *13.1 (4.76) *15.7 (5.86)Twoormoreraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 44.2 (3.01) 10.3 (1.73) 22.7 (2.31) 15.6 (2.21) 6.6 (1.41)

BlackorAfricanAmerican,white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 47.9 (7.74) *9.1 (3.69) *24.9 (7.70) *8.1 (3.30) *9.9 (4.39)AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,white. . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.7 (4.01) 9.8 (2.47) 25.0 (3.50) 17.2 (3.30) *4.5 (1.46)

HispanicorLatinooriginandrace:HispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.9 (0.82) 9.1 (0.50) 31.1 (0.78) 18.9 (0.65) 3.8 (0.29)

Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 38.5 (1.01) 7.7 (0.55) 29.8 (0.92) 19.5 (0.84) 4.3 (0.39)NotHispanicorLatino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 31.7 (0.39) 9.3 (0.22) 30.2 (0.36) 22.5 (0.33) 6.1 (0.21)

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 28.8 (0.44) 9.1 (0.24) 30.9 (0.41) 24.4 (0.38) 6.6 (0.25)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.8 (1.03) 9.6 (0.58) 26.6 (0.85) 16.0 (0.70) 4.7 (0.44)


Povertystatus:5Belowpoverty level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 45.1 (1.11) 7.7 (0.53) 22.8 (0.85) 17.3 (0.81) 6.7 (0.56)1and

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Page16 [ Series10,No.245Table3.2.Age-adjustedpercentdistributions(withstandarderrors)ofcurrentalcoholdrinkingstatusforadults18yearsofageandover,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007Con.


WomenCon. Percentdistribution(standarderror)HispanicorLatinooriginandrace:

HispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 61.8 (0.75) 15.2 (0.59) 18.6 (0.58) 2.8 (0.23) 1.5 (0.17)Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 65.8 (0.94) 13.9 (0.74) 16.5 (0.69) 2.6 (0.28) 1.1 (0.18)

NotHispanicorLatino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.1 (0.42) 15.3 (0.25) 29.8 (0.34) 8.0 (0.19) 4.7 (0.15)White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 37.1 (0.47) 15.6 (0.29) 32.6 (0.39) 9.2 (0.24) 5.3 (0.18)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 60.1 (0.75) 14.1 (0.50) 20.0 (0.59) 3.5 (0.25) 2.2 (0.19)


Povertystatus:5Belowpoverty level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 61.6 (0.82) 12.9 (0.51) 18.1 (0.62) 3.7 (0.31) 3.5 (0.29)1and

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Series10,No.245 [ Page17Table3.3.Age-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayatleastonce inthepastyear,andage-adjustedpercentages(withstandarderrors)ofadults18yearsofageandoverwhohadfiveormoredrinksin1dayonat least12daysinthepastyear,byselectedcharacteristics:UnitedStates,averageannual,20052007

Fiveormoredrinks in1dayat leastonce1 Fiveormoredrinks in1dayonat least12days1Selectedcharacteristic Bothsexes Men Women Bothsexes Men Women

Percentofadults(standarderror)Ages18yearsandover(age-adjusted)2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ages18yearsandover(crude)2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20.5 (0.24) 20.2 (0.25)

28.8 (0.37) 28.9 (0.39)

12.8 (0.22) 12.3 (0.22)

9.2 (0.16) 9.1 (0.16)

14.6 (0.27) 14.7 (0.28)

4.2 (0.14) 4.0 (0.13)

Age31824years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2544years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4564years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6574years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31.9 (0.84) 27.4 (0.40) 15.6 (0.29)

6.1 (0.33) 2.2 (0.22)

40.7 (1.25) 37.9 (0.61) 23.3 (0.50) 10.3 (0.62)

4.3 (0.47)

23.4 (0.89) 17.2 (0.39)

8.5 (0.29) 2.5 (0.28) 0.8 (0.18)

16.2 (0.62) 11.8 (0.27)

6.8 (0.20) 2.8 (0.21) 0.9 (0.14)

22.9 (1.00) 18.8 (0.46) 11.5 (0.37)

4.9 (0.42) 2.0 (0.32)

9.7 (0.62) 5.1 (0.23) 2.4 (0.15) 0.9 (0.18)

*0.3 (0.12) Race

White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AmericanIndianorAlaskaNative,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . Asian, single race . . . .