Edgar Garcia Manzanilla Pig Development Department SESSION 2. Animal production without antibiotics. Where are we?
Jan 13, 2015
Edgar Garcia Manzanilla Pig Development Department
SESSION 2. Animal production without antibiotics. Where are we?
Antimicrobial resistance origin
Resistance genes to β-lactams, tetracyclins and glicopeptides found in bacterial DNA >30.000 years old
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
86 90 95 97 2000 2005
Year
Percent resistant
Approval for humans
Approval for chickens
FDA removes approval
0%
Sentinel CDC starts vigilance
AMR: Fluoroquinolones and campylobacter
Antimicrobial resistance in animals
The PCU concept (Population Correction Unit) vs total sales
Estimated PCU per country, 2009 Sales (Tn active ingredient), 2009
Antimicrobial use: EU – Measurement Units
mg of antimicrobials / kg biomass of pig, poultry and beef meat, 2007
Antimicrobial use: EU – Types of antimicrobials
369,7
294,4
211,5 175,2 161,2
113,9 119,9 117
0
100
200
300
400
Antimicrobial use: current EU sales for livestock
mg/PCU
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Ganancia, g/d Duración, d
ADG and length of growing period depending on the treatment methods
Pienso Agua + Pienso Agua + Pienso + Parenteral
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
up to 2 more than 2
Feed Feed Water
Feed Water Inject
% Mortality by number of treatments and method
Antimicrobials use: Why are they used?
Digestive
Respiratory
Vaccine
Initiatives
The European Innovation Partnership 'Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability‘ Focus Group Animal husbandry
• Europe 2020 Strategy: Crucial role of research and innovation in preparing the EU for the future
• European Innovation Partnerships (EIP) as a new tool for fostering innovation
• Budget for Europe 2020: foresees 4.5 billion Euros for research and innovation in the field of food security, bio-economy and sustainable agriculture
• CAP reform: innovation a key role
Context
Societal Challenges Industry ERC
EIPs
General Principles
The EIP shall provide challenge-driven solutions based on:
– interlinking existing innovation-related measures and initiatives
– facilitating communication among stakeholders and creating workable links between science and practice
Farmers
NGOs
Advisors
Researchers
Agri- business
Operational Group
Key Acting Entities Within the EIP - Operational Groups
OG are teams composed of those actors relevant for the project working together in an innovation project and producing concrete results OG are not stakeholder networks or boards, thematic coordination groups or discussion groups What kind of projects can OGs work with? -New grouping, new project √ -Existing grouping, new project √ -Existing grouping, existing project X Must contribute to Rural Development priorities
EIP Network
NW NW
NW
Focus group
Focus group
Focus group
Focus group
Focus group
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG OG
OG OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
Workshop
Workshop
Workshop
Seminar
Seminar
Seminar
EIP-AGRI
? Genetic resources Soil organic matter Integrated pest management HNV farming Precision farming Permanent grassland Horticulture fertiliser efficiency
1 3 3
3
3
1
1 1 1
1 2
Focus Groups consist of (up to 20) experts with concrete project experience who share knowledge and develop a series of tangible deliverables (reports, fact sheets etc.)
Focus Groups – Animal husbandry
What should the FG deliver?
• What innovation is needed? • What best practices are available? • Which areas need further research?
• Think of existing operational groups and ideas • Identify projects, initiatives and institutions
October 2013. First meeting…February 2014. Second meeting May 2014. Preliminary report…June 2014. Final report DISCUSSION BLOCKS:
1. ATTITUDES, INFORMATION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2. GENERAL ENHANCEMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 3. SPECIFIC ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTICS
COMMON POINTS -NEED FOR A HIGHER USE OF PRECISION LIVESTOCK FARMING -ECONOMIC EVALUATION IS NEEDED AT ALL LEVELS
Focus group – Results
1.Attitudes, information and human behaviour
• Comparable Benchmarking Systems • Economical evaluation • Problem Solving Groups • Consulting Boards for the Producer • Veterinary education • “Burning Platform” and “Clear Roadmap”
Danish risk management strategies on AMR - VetStat and the Yellow card
Restriction vs Education
Yellow Card 9 mth.
Increased Supervision 5 mth.
Above
Pig farm with Health Consultancy Contract
Monitoring phase 12 months after reduction
Databased selection, contact of farmer and
confirmation
Second Opinion from other vet
Below
Red Card Until consumption is
below threshold Above
Below
Monitoring phase 12 months after reduction
12 mth. 12 mth.
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
Kg
aktiv
sto
f
2009 -10%
Restriction vs Education
Danish use of antimicrobials in swine
Restriction vs Education
Netherlands use of antimicrobials in swine
Restriction vs Education
2.General enhancement of animal health & welfare
• Biosecurity (Internal and external) Biosecurity scoring systems
• Management & Husbandry Husbandry and buildings: Limitation of the spread of pathogens and
susceptibility of animals for infection. Herd health management: Constant production rhythm, guidelines for farrowing
and newborn-piglet-management, and diseased and weak pigs, reduction of stressors as re-grouping, mixing, transport, turnover, vaccination programes.
Management practices: Lactations longer than 28, lactation estrus Manure management: Housing systems, manure organization via separate
functional areas Environmental enrichment: Provision of organic and inorganic material Transport
• Elimination of specific pathogens
Biosecurity
Facilities and Management
3.Specific alternatives to antibiotics
• Vaccination
• Zinc: Pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) • Prebiotics: β-glucan, XOS, GOS, IMOS, TOS, FOS,
MOS, COS • Probiotics and management of the microbiota on pig
farms • Plant extracts
• Breeding for disease resistance
Thank you for your attention