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By: Dr. ShadiaY. Banjar http://www.kau.edu.sa/SBANJAR http://wwwdrshadiabanjar.blogspot.com Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 1
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Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Jan 14, 2015

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Spelling Rules Presentation,
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Page 1: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

By:

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar

http://www.kau.edu.sa/SBANJAR

http://wwwdrshadiabanjar.blogspot.com

Dr. Shadia Yousef BanjarDr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 11

Page 2: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

1. Almost no English words end in "v" and

none in "j".

Exception:

�spiv.

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 2

Page 3: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

2. "q" is always written as "qu".

It never stands by itself.

�quick,

�queen,

Examples:

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 3

�queen,

�quarrel.

Page 4: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

3. A. "i" comes before "e" when it is pronounced " ee".

B. "i" before "e" except after " c “,

C. or when sounding like "a" as in "neighbour, or weigh".

Examples:

�neither,�foreign,

Exceptions:

A. B.

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 4

�brief,� field, �priest.

�receive,�deceive, �ceiling.

�foreign,�sovereign,�seized,�counterfeit,�forfeited,�leisure.

A. B.

Page 5: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Rule for -ie and -ei

The rule is summarized as:

The rule for ie and ei is in three parts:�Usually spell the combination -ie, as in believe.�However, spell -ei when the combination follows the letter -c, as in receive.�Also, spell -ei when the combination has the sound of a long -a, as in weigh

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 5

�Also, spell -ei when the combination has the sound of a long -a, as in weigh (wa).Exceptions to this rule include words in which the combination should be spelled -ie but is spelled -ei: caffeine, either, foreign, height, leisure, neither, protein, their, and weird. There are also words in which the combination follows -c and should be spelled -ei but is spelled -ie. In these words, -c is pronounced -sh: ancient, conscience, deficient, efficient, proficient, and sufficient. Remember to spell -ie rather than -ei after c when c spells the sound of -sh.

Page 6: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

4."able" or "ible" endings.

Use "able":�After root words. e.g. available, dependable.

�After root words ending in "e". e.g. desirable, believable,

usable (drop the "e").

�After "i". e.g. reliable, sociable.

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 6

�After "i". e.g. reliable, sociable.

�When other forms of the root word have a dominant "a"

vowel. e.g. irritable, durable, abominable.

�After a hard "c" or "g". e.g. educable, practicable,

navigable.

� Exceptions: formidable, inevitable, memorable, probable,

portable, indomitable, insuperable.

Page 7: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Use "ible"

�After non-root words. e.g. audible, horrible, possible.

�When the root has an immediate "ion“ form. e.g.

digestible, suggestible, convertible.

�After a root ending in "ns" or "miss". e.g. responsible,

comprehensible, permissible.

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 7

comprehensible, permissible.

�After a soft "c" or "g". e.g. legible, negligible, forcible,

invincible.

�Exceptions: contemptible, resistible, collapsible,

flexible.

Page 8: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

5. "ceed", "sede" and "cede".

�Three "ceed" words; succeed, exceed,

proceed.

�One "sede" word; supersede.

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 8

�One "sede" word; supersede.

�All others "cede“ e.g. intercede,

antecede, precede.

Page 9: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

6.We double "l, f, and s" after a single short

vowel at the end of a word.

� call,

� tall,

�toss,

�us,

� bus,

� gas,

�if,

Examples: Exceptions:

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 9

�toss,

�miss,

� stiff,

� stuff.

�if,

�of,

�this,

�yes,

�plus,

�nil,

� pal.

Page 10: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

7. For words ending in a single "l" after a single vowel,

double the "l" before adding a suffix, regardless of

accent.

Examples:

�cancelled,

�traveller,

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 10

�traveller,

� signalling,

� metallic.

Page 11: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

8. "all" and "well" followed by another syllable only

have one "l".

� also,

� already,

� although,

Examples:

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 11

� although,

�welcome,

�welfare.

Page 12: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

9. The Word + Word Rule

The Word + Word Rule explains how to join words to form compound words such as fireworks.Usually join two words without changing their spellings.

�book + keeper = bookkeeper

�room + mate = roommate

Examples: Exceptions:

�almost,

�already,

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 12

�room + mate = roommate

�fire + arms = firearms

�already,

�although,

�altogether,

�always,

�oneself,

�pastime, and

�wherever.

Page 13: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

�mis + spell = misspell

�un + necessary = unnecessary

10. The Prefix + Word Rule

Join a prefix and a word without changing the spelling

of the prefix or the word.

Examples:

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 13

�un + necessary = unnecessary

�dis + appear = disappear

There are to the Prefix + Word Rule.

Page 14: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

11. The Word + Suffix Rule

Usually join a word and a suffix without changing

the spelling of the word or the suffix.

Examples:

�usual + ly = usual

�clean + ness = cleanness

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 14

�clean + ness = cleanness

�poison + ous = poisonous

Page 15: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Final -e Rule

1. The Word + Suffix Rule is not used when adding suffixes to

words that end in silent e.

2. When a word ends in silent -e, usually drop the -e if you are

adding a suffix that begins with a vowel, but retain the -e

when you are adding a suffix that begins with a consonant.

Examples:

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 15

Examples:

�Silent -e is an -e such as the one in love, which you do not hear when

love is pronounced. Since love ends in silent e and the suffix -able begins

with a vowel, drop -e when joining love and -able:�love + able = lovable

However, since the suffix -less begins with a consonant, retain the -e in

love when joining love and -less:�love + less = loveless

Page 16: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Exceptions to this rule include words in which -e should

be retained but is dropped:� acknowledgment,

�argument,

�awful,

� duly,

� judgment,

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 16

� judgment,

�ninth,

�truly,

�wholly, and

�wisdom.

Page 17: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

include words ending in -ce or

-ge in which -e is not dropped when you add -

able or -ous:�courageous,

�manageable,

�noticeable,

� outrageous,

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 17

� outrageous,

� peaceable,

�serviceable, and

�traceable.

Page 18: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

•We have to understanding why -e is not dropped from words

ending in -ce or -ge when adding the suffixes -able and -ous.

• The letters -c and -g are usually pronounced -s and -j before

the letters -e and -i, but -k and -g before the letters -a and -o.

•The incorrect spelling noticable would mean that you would

pronounce the -c as a -k rather than as an -s (you would say

notikable rather than notisable).

•Similarly, the incorrect spelling couragous would mean that you

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 18

•Similarly, the incorrect spelling couragous would mean that you

would pronounce the -g as a -g rather than as a -j (you would

say couragous rather than courajous).

•The -e is retained to preserve the -s and -j pronunciations of -c

and -g.

Page 19: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Final -y Rule1. The Word + Suffix Rule is not used when adding suffixes to

words that end in -y.

2. When a word ends in -y, usually change the -y to -i when you

are adding a suffix if the -y is preceded by a consonant, but

do not change it if the -y is preceded by a vowel or if you are

adding the suffix -ing.

Examples:

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 19

Examples:

�study+ -ed = studied

�destroy + -ed = destroyed

�study+ -ing = studying

�destroy + -ing = destroying

Page 20: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Final Consonant Rules

A. The Word + Suffix Rule is not used to join suffixes to words that end in

one consonant preceded by one vowel.

B. Final Consonant Rule No. 1 explains how to join suffixes to one-syllable

words that end in the cvc combination.

C. When a one-syllable word ends in the cvc combination, usually double

the final consonant when adding a suffix that begins with a vowel but

do not double it when adding a suffix that begins with a consonant.

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 20

do not double it when adding a suffix that begins with a consonant.

Ship is a one-syllable word that ends in the cvc combination.�ship + -ing = shipping

(a suffix begins with a vowel)

�ship + -ment = shipment (a suffix that begins with a consonant)

Examples:

Page 21: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Rule No. 2

A. Final Consonant Rule No. 2 explains how to join suffixes to words of

more than one syllable that end in the cvc combination.

B. When a word of more than one-syllable ends in the cvc combination and it is accented on the last syllable, usually double the final

consonant when adding a suffix that begins with a vowel but do not

double it when adding a suffix that begins with a consonant.

Examples:

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 21

Commit is accented on the last syllable and ends in the cvccombination.�commit+ -ing = comitting

(a suffix begins with a vowel)

�commit+ -ment = commitment (a suffix that begins with a consonant)

Page 22: Spelling Rules Presentation By Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar

Works CitedEight Essential Spelling Rules

http://academic.cuesta.edu/acasupp/AS/803.htm

Some Spelling Rules:

http://www.amity.org.uk/Training/Spelling%20Rules/Spelling%20Rules.htm

Reading from Scratch, Spelling Rules:

http://www.dyslexia.org/spelling_rules.shtml

Rules for Irregular Plural Formation of Nouns

http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/pluralsl.htm

Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar 22