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SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR BY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION ALL RIGHTS ARE BEING RESERVED TO GOUTAM PADHY COPY RIGHT PROTECTED@GOUTAM PADHY FOR MORE DETAILS CONTACT: Phone number:+918093611841(self) +918093541377 EMAIL: [email protected] [email protected] by
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Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

Jul 29, 2015

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Goutam Padhy

THIS IS THE MOST SIMPLEST WAY TO CONTROL THE SPEED OF D.C MOTER -
IN THIS I HAVEUSED THE MOST SIMPLEST WAY TO CONTROL THE SPEED OF D.C MOTORS WHICS ARE GENERALLY USED IN ROBOTICD.
THIS PROJECT HAS A LARGE SCALE USE IN THE FIELD IF ROBOTICS.FOR MORE CONTACT ME
[email protected]
+918093611841
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Page 1: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR

BY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

ALL RIGHTS ARE BEING RESERVED TO GOUTAM PADHY

COPY RIGHT PROTECTED@GOUTAM PADHY

FOR MORE DETAILS CONTACT:

Phone number:+918093611841(self)

+918093541377

EMAIL:

[email protected]

[email protected]

by

Goutam padhy Roll # 201018162

Page 2: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

My project is speed control of dc motor by pulse width

modulation.its true that there are many methords of

controlling the dc motor but I have choosen the most

economic way to control the speed of dc motor.in this I

have used two ic 1.555 timer ic and 2.l293d ic the work

of 555 ic is to generate pulse and the l293d ic works as

motor driving ic,this helps to drive the motor in this

project I did all the things in a very economic way and

with the help of these two ic and some resisters,I have

controlled the speed od dc motor by pulse width

modulation.

Page 3: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

1.abrastract

2.acknowledgement

3.introduction

4.descreption of different features.

5.circuit diagram

6.working principle

7.operations

8.advantages

9.disadvantages

10.implimintations

11.conclusion

12.reference

Page 4: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

1.1 Project Objective:The project given to us is the speed control of d.c motor by

pulse width modulation(pwm).in this,we control the speed of a

12 volt d.c motor by modulating the width of the pulse this is

achieved with the help of two ic

1.555 timer ic & 2.l293d motor driving ic.

1.2 Features of the Project:When a wire that carries current is placed in a region of space that has a magnetic field, the wire experiences a force.• The size of the force, which determines how fast the motor spins, depends on :o the amount of current in the wireo the length of the wire o the strength of the magnetic field• The direction of the force, which determines which direction the motor spins,depends on:o the direction of the current in the wire o the direction of the magnetic field

Page 5: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

The Physiology of the Motor: (How does it work?)

The ceramic bar magnet provides the magnetic field in this simple DC motor.With the magnet in position, the magnetic field is directed vertically (out of or into the magnet depending on which side of the magnet is exposed).When the rotor sits in the paperclip supports so that the plane of the loop isoriented vertically, the top and bottom sections of the loop act as current carrying wires in the region of a magnetic field.Q: Why only the top and bottom sections? Doesn’t the rest of the loop matter?A: Only the sections of wire oriented perpendicularly to the magnetic field experience forces. Since the magnetic field is oriented vertically here, only the sections of wire where the current runs horizontally matter (experience forces). The current only runs horizontally in the top and bottom sections of the loop. Clockwise Current Counterclockwise CurrentTop = current travels right Top = current travels leftBottom = current travels left Bottom = current travels rightOne loop of wire carrying current in the region of a magnetic field would experience a force. Two loops of wire carrying a similar current would experience twice the force. If the rotor contains 12-15 loops of wire, it experiences 12-15 times the force of one loop.

Q:What about the direction of the force? As mentioned above, the direction of theforce on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field, and thus the direction that theBar Magnet Bar MagnetBar Magnet Bar Magnet

Page 6: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

motor turns, can be determined by the Right Hand Rule. Let’s apply the RightHand Rule to the simple DC motor.

Page 7: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

Sorry it l293d not “33”……..i have done this with paint so got the mistake sorry.for

more details can contact me.

Page 8: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SIMPLE DC MOTOR:When a wire that carries current is placed in a region of space that has a magnetic field, the wire experiences a force.• The size of the force, which determines how fast the motor spins, depends on :o the amount of current in the wireo the length of the wire o the strength of the magnetic field• The direction of the force, which determines which direction the motor spins,depends on:o the direction of the current in the wire o the direction of the magnetic field

Page 9: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

The Right Hand Rule is used to determine the direction of the force when the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field are known. Motors convert electrical energy (from a battery or voltage source) into mechanical energy (used to cause rotation). Force = (current) x (wire length) x (magnetic field)Thumb = direction of currentFingers = dir. of magnetic fieldPalm = direction of force

Page 10: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

OPERATION OF DC MOTOR:Typical DC Motor Cutaway View1-3 Principle of Alternative Current MotorOperation Structure of AC Motor By energy the stator windings with proper AC currents, a rotating magnetic field will be generated in the air gap.Air gapRotorStator The stator is constructed by laminated iron core with slots, and the coils are placed in the slots to form a single or multi phase windings. Depending on the AC motor types, various rotor structures can be constructed,either withcurrent in the associate windings or not

Page 11: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

ADVANTAGES OF SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR BY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION:Load efficiency is almost always a critical factor in renewable energy

systems. An additional advantage of pulse width modulation is that the

pulses are at the full supply voltage and will produce more torque in a

motor by being able to overcome the internal motor resistances more

easily. A resistive speed control will present a reduced voltage to the

load, which can cause stalling in motor applications. Finally, in a PWM

circuit, common small potentiometers may be used to control a wide

variety of loads, whereas large and expensive high power

Page 12: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

DISADVANTAGES OF SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR BY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION:The main disadvantages of PWM circuits are the added complexity and the possibility of generating radio frequency interference (RFI). RFI may be minimized by locating the controller near the load, using short leads, and in some cases, using additional filtering on the power supply leads.This circuit has some RFI bypassing in the form of a capacitor (C3) across the load, and produced minimal interference with an AM radio that was located under a foot away. Radio interference was undetected at greater distances. If additional filtering is needed, a car radio line choke may be placed in series with the DC power input. Be sure not to exceed the current rating of the choke.

Page 13: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

Using a function generator with a small motor, we can test this:This solution can also work in other situations, such as 7-segment LEDs:

Using National Instruments’ LabVIEW development software, integrate with the NI-ELVIS to produce a working function generator capable of generating square waves with a modifiable duty cycle, as well as being able to control the function generator through the LabVIEW software.

Page 14: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

In this project I have used two ic inwhichone is 555 timer ic and another

is l293d ic which is a motor driving ic .here I have connected the cicuit

first tested on the bred board,then –found that working and then hense

have did soldering on the all purpose board,now my project is a fully

working project.hense in this way I have controlled the speed of dc motor

by pulse width modulation.

Page 15: Speed Control of Dc Motor by Pulse Width Modulation(Pulse Width Modulation)-Goutam Padhy

For some more details you

can contact me.

…thank u…