Specimen Collections. Urine Specimens Random specimen Clean-voided or midstream specimen Sterile specimen Timed urine specimen Urine Collection in Children.

Specimen Collections

Urine Specimens

Random specimen

Clean-voided or midstream specimen

Sterile specimen

Timed urine specimen

Urine Collection in Children

Urine Specimens

Clean catch midstreamExplain procedureOpen kit – surgical asepsisFemale: clean front to back, hold labia apart for collectionMale: cleanse end of penis, circular motionInitiate stream, then collect specimen

Urine Specimens

Clean catch midstream (cont.)

Label on specimen

Biohazard bag

Requisition on outside of bag

Urine Specimens

Sterile (from catheter)

Clamp below port

Wipe port with antimicrobial swab

Insert needle (3ml; 23-25g)

Aspirate 3-5 ml.

Transfer urine aseptically to container

Label, bag, requisition

Urine Specimens

Timed Specimens

creatinine clearance

protein quanitification

adrenocortical steroids

Urine Specimens

Timed Specimens (cont.)

Begins: after client voids

Discard sample and indicate starting time on:

1) Collection container

2) Lab requisition slip

3) Bathroom or bedside

Urine Specimens

Timed Specimens (cont.)

Collect in clean container

Empty into large container immediately

On ice or preservative

Void at end of time & send to lab

Urine Specimens

Collection in children

Clear plastic single use bags

Do not squeeze urine from diaper

Common tests done on urine

UA = urinalysis

Specific Gravity

Urine Culture

Urinalysis(normal values)

pH (4.8-8.0) average 6.0Protein (none)Glucose (none)Ketones (none)Blood (up to 2 RBC’S)Specific gravity (1.010-1.025)WBC’S (0-4)Bacteria (none)Casts (none)

Fecal SpecimensCh. 45

Hemacult or guaiac

Ova and Parasites

Culture and Sensitivity

Fecal Specimens

Indications for collection:

Tumors

Hemorrhage

Infection

Fecal Specimens

Collection:

Pt. instruction

Can not be mixed with water or urine

1 inch formed stool

15-30 ml liquid, diarheal stool

Avoid delays in sending

Ova and Parasites: require keeping warm

Fecal Specimens

Guaiac

Fecal occult blood FOBT

Hemacult – most common

Microscopic amounts of blood

Screening for: colon ca, anticoagulants, GI disorders

Sputum Specimens

Culture

Cytology

AFB = Tuberculosis

Sputum Specimens

Collection:

Teach to cough effectively

Keep inside of container sterile

Document: color, consistency, amt, odor

Early morning specimen

GLUCOMETER

Blood glucose

Normal values

Indications for checking

Review Questions

In a timed urine collection, any missed specimens will extend the end time.

TRUE OR FALSE?

Review Questions

When collecting a urine specimen from an infant – it is OK to squeeze urine from the diaper?

TRUE OR FALSE?

Review Questions

A urine culture can be obtained from a urinalysis

TRUE OR FALSE?

Review Questions

If a client is taking iron supplements, the hemacult test will show a false positive.

TRUE OR FALSE?

Review Questions

When collecting a stool specimen for ova a parasites, the nurse should refrigerate the specimen untill it can be transported to the lab

TRUE OR FALSE?

Review Questions

When is the best time to obtain a sputum specimen?