Space-enabled Products & Services for DRR/ DRM: Indian Initiatives · 2015-01-30 · Space-enabled Products & Services for DRR/ DRM: Indian Initiatives Sushil K. Srivastav Indian

Space-enabled Products & Services for DRR/ DRM: Indian Initiatives

Sushil K. Srivastav

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)Department of Space , Government of India

Dehradun, India

EGM Meeting on Geo-reference Disaster Risk Management System 15-17 Feb 2012, Bangkok, Thailand

India’s Vulnerability to Disasters

Cyclones: ~8% of total area (5700 km long coastline)

Earthquakes: ~55% of area in Seismic Zone III- & V

Forest Fires: ~65% of total forests under potential threat

Landslides: ~8% of total area (Himalayan/ Western Ghats)

Floods: ~40 M ha of total area

Drought: ~68% of total area (116 districts)

The Indian sub-continent is

one of the world’s most

Disaster-prone areas.

LanslidesFloods

Cyclones

Drought Forest Fires

Earthquakes

Tsunami: East Coast, part of West Coast,A & N Islands


India’s Approach to Disaster Management

§ Paradigm shift in approach from ‘relief centric’ to ‘holistic & integrated’with emphasis on prevention, mitigation and preparedness after introduction of ‘Disaster Management Act’ in 2005.

§ Responsibility for implementing the integrated & holistic approach for Disaster Management in India lies with:

- National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), and- State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs)

NDMA lays down the policies, plans and guidelines for DM to ensure timely and effective response to disasters.

§ Responsibility for providing ‘space based support and services for DM’ lies with Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) / Department of Space (DOS).


§ Addresses disasters such as Flood, Cyclone, Drought, Forest Fire, Landslideand Earthquake.

Disaster Management Support Programme (DMSP) of ISRO/DOS

….provides timely support and services from aero-space systems, both imaging and communications, towards efficient management of disasters in the country.

§ Creation of GIS based digital database for facilitating - hazard zonation, - damage assessment,- monitoring of major natural disasters.

§ Development of appropriate techniques and tools for decision support.

§ Establishing satellite based reliable communication network and deployment of emergency communication equipments.

§ R&D towards early warning of disasters.


MHA: Ministry of Home AffairsMOA: Ministry AgricultureNGO: Non-Governmental OrganisationsNDMA: National Disaster Management Authority

DMSP of ISRO/DOS contd.


Institutional Mechanism for Disseminating Space enabled Services

zz RequirementsSci. Data

Scientific InputsPolicy/ Regulations/

ManagementRapid Mapping

Vulnerability, Risk…

Decision Support Centre(DSC) at NRSA/

DOS

MHA, State & Dist. Relief Commissioners

IMD, CWC, DOD, NCMWRF

Imaging ‘Hot spot’

Met/OceanObservation

Emergencycommunication

HighResolution Imaging

All weather mapping

Aerospace and Ground Systems

Real TimeMapping

AWS Ocean Buoy

Laser Terrain Mapper

DMS – Infrastructure


Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …) & Other Sources

(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGOs, etc.)

Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …) & Other Sources

(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGOs, etc.)

Satellite Data Programming

And Acquisition

SDA

Satellite Data Programming

And Acquisition

SDA

Data Processing

DPA

ASAR/ALTM/DC etc. ASAR/ALTM/DC etc.

Flight Planning Flight Planning

Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC

Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC

Defense clearance Defense clearance

Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High

Resolution• Optical Microwave

Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High

Resolution• Optical Microwave

Hardware & software

Hardware & software

Customized Analysis ToolsCustomized

Analysis ToolsOutputs

Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.

Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.

Database, Knowledge Banks

Database, Knowledge Banks

Ground / Ancillary Information

Ground / Ancillary Information

ALERT!(Disaster Watch)


DMSP – DSC: OperationData Acquisition, Processing, Analysis & Dissemination

Data Analysis

DSC

• Flood Inundation Maps• Damage Assessment• Hazard Zonation• Bank Erosion Studies

Floods

• Monthly Agri. Drought Report

• End-of-the-Season Agri. Drought Report

Drought

• Inundation Maps• Damage Assessment

Cyclone

• Damage Assessment

Earthquake

• Damage Assessment• Hazard Zonation

Landslide

• Active Fire Detection• Damage Assessment

Forest Fire

Information Dissemination: Central Govt.: MHA, CWC, Min. of Agri, GSI, IMD, MOEFState Govt. : Relief Commr., DM, Agri, Forest, other concerned Line Depts.

Seasonal Monitoring Event Based Monitoring

DMSP – DSC (Decision Support Centre, NRSC)….Single window of ISRO/DOS for providing info for efficient DM


DMSP / DSC – Interface

Network is being expanded to link multi-hazard prone District Emergency Operational Centres (DEOCs).

….DMSP-DSC (at NRSC/ISRO) is dynamically linked –through satellite based VPN – with NEOC, SEOCs & knowledge institutions.


National Database for Emergency Management(NDEM)

…A Multi-institutional National Initiative of MHA, Govt. of India

• Generation/ organization of multi-level core and hazard specific geospatial database.

1:50K scale (for entire country)1:10K scale (for multi-hazard prone districts)1:2K scale (for mega cities)

• Development of decision support tools for addressing emergency management and integrate with national disaster frame work

• Institutional mechanism for sharingand updating database on continuous basis

• Mirroring / Replica of database atMHA with suitable access/security mechanism.


1:50K Entire Country1:10K Select Districts

1:2K Mega cities

Decision Support System

Spatial Database

AdministrativeSettlements

TransportLand useDEM

River Network

…

Non-Spatial DatabaseAncillary data

Nodal Departments

Data sharing Mechanism Mirror

Server

Web interface

Validation

Service toUser

NDEMDatabase

MHA

NDEM Framework contd..

1: 50K Scale · Base layers: 25 · Hazard Specific: 18 · Others: 21




NDEM Data Server

INPUTS

Decision Outcome

Spatial Data

• National Informatics Centre

• Ministry of Industry

• Public Works Department

• Office of Registrar General of India

• Bureau of Economics and statistics

• Central Water Commission

• Indian Meteorological Department

• Ministry of agriculture

• Ministry of Home Affairs

• Ministry of Health

• …….

• Survey of India

• Forest survey of India

• Geological Survey of India

• NBSS&LUP

• National Hydrographic

Survey Organization

• Department of Space

• Land Records Dept.

• Central Water Commission

• Ministry of Defense

• India Meteorological Dept.

• Ministry of Agriculture

……..

Non-Spatial Data

SpatialOutput

StatisticalReport

DSS/SDSS/ES

Output

Decision Analysis

Spatial Analysis

NDEM

Authorized Users/ Decision Makers

Request

Response

NDEM – Work Flow


NRSC MHA

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Data providers Authentic

User Nodes

VPN

n

5

4

3

2

1

n

5

4

3

2

1

NDEM – Communication Link


• Situation Monitoring• Relief Management• Impact Assessment• Decision Making

22.08.08 23.08.08

24.08.08 27.08.08

02.09.0829.08.08

Space Info helped in:

A Few Examples(Kosi Flood, Bihar)

• Near Real Time Flood Mapping and Monitoring • Flood Damage Assessment • Flood Hazard Zone Mapping • River Bank Erosion Mapping • Mapping changes in the river course

Flood Hazard Zonation: Assam(prepared using satellite datasets acquiredDuring different magnitudes of floods1998 – 2007)

Flood Hazard Information Services

Services


§ Drought impact assessment on crop production

§ Drought early warning system

Thrust Areas

Agricultural Drought AssessmentKharif 2009

Satellite data: NOAA-AVHRR, Resourcesat-1 AWiFS,MODIS, AMSR-E

Parameters: NDVI, NDWI, EVI, Soil moisture, Sown areaField parameters: Rainfall, Sown areaReporting: @ monthly, end of season : June to OctoberSpecial Reporting: @ fortnightlyDissemination: Surface mail, e-mail, Web posting

Agricultural Drought AssessmentA.P. (Kharif 2009)

Agricultural Drought


• Agricultural vegetation condition Images maps at state/district level

• Agricultural drought assessment maps • Products on drought related parameters - rainfall, crop

areas, etc.

Services

Indian Forest Fire Response and Assessment SystemIndian Forest Fire Response and Assessment System

inffrasinffras

inffrasinffrasinffrasinffras

• Daily, near-realtime, day- & night-time, active fire locations via web site• Fire locations overlaid with forest organization layers• Communicated to state forest departments.

•• National forest fire alerts dispatched within National forest fire alerts dispatched within hours of satellite overpass in fire seasonhours of satellite overpass in fire season

Forest Fires


1. Base map2. Lithological map3. Geomorphological map4. Slope aspect5. Slope Degree6. Slope Morphology7. Soil Texture8. Soil Depth9. Drainage10. Lineament & Structure11. Anthropogenic Factor12. Landuse13. Landslide14. Slope-Dip relation15. Rock weathering

1. Base map2. Lithological map3. Geomorphological map4. Slope aspect5. Slope Degree6. Slope Morphology7. Soil Texture8. Soil Depth9. Drainage10. Lineament & Structure11. Anthropogenic Factor12. Landuse13. Landslide14. Slope-Dip relation15. Rock weathering

Causative Elements LHZ Map

Temporal Probabilityfor Landslide Occurrencealong a RoadSector

Landslides


Landslides contd..

Scatter plot based on 3 days total and 15 days

prior antecedent rainfall

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

15 days Antecedent

3 d

ay

s A

nte

ce

cd

en

t

single event double event 3-5 event 6-9 event >10 event

T1 = R3 + 0.4597R15 – 59

T2 = R3 + 0.4597 R15 – 70.5

T3 = R3 + 0.4597 R15 – 76.4

T6 = R3 + 0.4597 R15 – 84.55

T10 = R3 + 0.4597 R15 – 118.65 Area – ChamoliPeriod of Data – 1987 to 2005

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

1-Jul-06 8-Jul-06 15-Jul-06 22-Jul-06 29-Jul-06 5-Aug-06 12-Aug-06 19-Aug-06 26-Aug-06

time

thre

sh

old

T1 T2 T3 T6 T10

Forecasting landslides based on rainfall thresholds

Wetlands

Geomorphology

Forest & Vegetation

Soils

Land Degradation

Land Use /Land Cover

•AWiFS -1 : 250000

• LISS III - 1 : 50000

NR Census Layers* User Projects

ISRO & Multi-institutional InitiativesNational Database to Adress Environ. Issues


Mobile Mapping Units:

(Integ. of 4 Technologies

Lightweight hardware, GPS,

Telecommunications, GIS)

Total Station & other surveying

instruments

AWS: Affordable alternativeto get detailed information about meteorological parameters)

Flux Towers: To quantify water, energy and C- fluxes

……………..

Spectroradiometer

Instrumentations for soil, vegetation & water characterisation

GPR (for subsurface investigations)

………………

Integrating in situ Measurements with Space Observations

Space based Data & Information - ISRO Portals


Themes Portal Features

Satellite Image

Indian Earth Observation Visualization Portal BHUVAN(www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in)

• Bhuvan 3D Visualization allows to access, explore and visualize IRS images and rich thematic information o n 3D landscape• Bhuvan 2D Visualization offers powerful, user-friendly mapping technology to organize the satellite and map data• NOEDA (NRSC Open EO Data Archive) facilitates the user to select, browse and download IRS satellite data and products • Pocket Bhuvan allows to access the earth browser through smart phones• Bhuvan Thematic Services facilitate the user to select, browse and query the thematic datasets from this portal. User can also consume these thematic datasets and integrate into their system as OGC Web Services


Disaster Management Support

DMS-DSC Portal (www.dsc.nrsc.gov.in/)

DMS – DSC: single window web portal of ISRO to provide the information to public for efficient disaster management.

Indian Forest Fire Response and Assessment System (INFFRAS) (www.applications.nrsc.gov.in/Fire/)

INFFRAS: The forest fire information is updated in the Indian Forest Fire Response and Assessment System (INFFRAS) portal on a daily basis during February to June period.

National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM) (www.ndem.nrsc.gov.in)

NDEM: Provides necessary geospatial information to all the stakeholders in emergency/ disaster management at various levels viz. hazard/ risk zonation, damage assessment, preparedness and emergency response.



Land & Water

• Bhoosampada portal(www.applications.nrsc.gov.in)

• India-WRIS portal(www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in)

•BIS Portal(www.bisindia.org)

• IBIN Portal(www.ibin.co.in)

• NNRMS portal (www.nnrms.gov.in)

• Bhoosampada is a web-enabled information system to enhance the outreach of the Land use/ Land Cover, snow cover, water bodies, vegetation type information on 1:250K /1:M scale.

• India-WRIS is a web-enabled ‘water resources information system,’ developed under a joint project of ISRO and CWC. The project envisages developing 107 geospatial layers with about 4000 attributes.

• BIS & IBIN Portals provide spatial and non-spatial information on bio-resources , developed under DOS/DBT collaborative project.

• NNRSM portal is organized as a Spatial Data Repository (SDI) generated under NNRMS program. It provides metadata services, thematic layer visualization and online data ordering.




Ocean & Atmosphere

MOSDAC Portal(Meteorological and Oceanographic Satellite Data Archival Centre)

(www.mosdac.gov.in)

MOSDAC portal of SAC/ISRO serves the scientific community in the field of meteorology and oceanography with the information coming from satellite and in situ data from Automatic Weather Stations (AWS).

• Weather prediction for All India weather for 24, 48 and 72 hours

• Grid-wise forecast for major cities of India (Ahmedabad, Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Mumbai)

• Graphical representation of AWS data.



About Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)(A Unit of ISRO)


Training Programmes

ü PG Diploma (10 months)

ü Certificate Course (8 weeks)

ü NNRMS Course for Univ. Faculty (8 weeks)

ü Decision Makers Course (1 week)

ü Special/ Tailor-made Courses (1-8 weeks)

Education Programmes

ü M.Tech. in RS & GIS (24 months)

(Affiliated to Andhra University)

ü M.Sc. in Geo-information Science & Earth Observation (18 months)

(Specialisation in Geoinformatics, NHDRM)

(JEP with ITC, Twente University)

Training &

Education Research

Outreach

B U I L D I N G

CAPACITY

§Microwave remote sensing

§ Hyperspectral remote sensing

§ Satellite and terrestrial photogrammetry

§ Geospatial data modeling & WebGIS

§ Himalayan ecosystem processes and services

§ Land-use / land-cover dynamics

§ Hydrological & ground water modeling

§ Erosion & soil nutrients dynamics modeling

§ Geological hazards

§ Planetary Geosciences

§ Atmospheric and climate studies

§Measurement and modeling of carbon pools and fluxes

Enhanced focus on microwave and hyperspectral remote sensing applications in diverse thematic areas and towards modeling and understanding Earth’s processes.

IIRS – Current Research Thrust Areas


Linkage of IIRS with CSSTEAP


Output:

§ Total: 1022 (31 countries of AP region; 28 participants from 17 countries outside AP region)

§ 595 from PG & 427 fromshort courses

§ 591 from RS & GIS course

295

109 120

71

296

78

25 28

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

RS&GIS SATCOM SATMET Sp. Sc

PG

short

§ Hosting CSSTEAP Headquarters &supporting its activities

§ Conducting RS & GIS Programmes (PGD/M.Tech. & Short Courses)

§ Interface with other ISRO Centres,UN offices, etc. to conduct its programmes.


International Short Course on

“Application of Space Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction”9 April – 4 May 2012

Venue: Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun

Conducted by• IIRS (ISRO), Dehradun, India• UN-SPIDER, Beijing, China• UN-ESCAP, Bangkok, Thailand• UNU–ITC School for Disaster Geo-Information

Management, The Netherlands

Target Group: Middle-level Managers, professionals, academicians responsible for providing support to disaster risk and environmental management

Course Contents: • Overview of DRR• Overview of space technology in DRR• Application of space technology for DRR and case

studies on various disasters• Short project and course evaluation

Thank you..Thank you..

“The Application of Space Technology is limited only by the imagination of those who use it”

www.isro.gov.inwww.nrsc.gov.inwww.iirs.gov.in

Space-enabled Products & Services for DRR/ DRM: Indian Initiatives · 2015-01-30 · Space-enabled Products & Services for DRR/ DRM: Indian Initiatives Sushil K. Srivastav Indian

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