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Sowing the Seeds of Renewable Energy

Apr 04, 2018

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Alan Limkai
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    Sowing the Seeds of Renewable

    Energy in the Farmlands of Bayawan

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    The Problems:

    Carbon based fossil fuels arefinite resources

    Supply is volatile

    Dependence on fossil fuelweakens local economy

    Vehicular and industrial emissions arebelieved to be chief causes of GLOBALWARMING!

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    The Solution: Renewable Energy Sources

    BIOFUELS:

    Ethanol

    Biomethane

    Biodiesel

    BIODIESEL IN A NUTSHELL:

    An alternative fuel for any diesel engine.

    Derived from fats and plant oils such as soybean, coconut,

    and even waste cooking oil Biodegradable and non-toxic

    Reduces emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants

    Similar properties with petroleum diesel

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    Jatropha as a Feedstock for Biodiesel

    Does not compete with the edible oil market

    Easy to propagate, can be intercropped

    Minimal maintenance, withstands droughts, notbrowsed by animals

    Productive life of 35-50 years

    Seeds contain 30% oil (3 kgs = 1 liter of oil)

    Potential income from by-products (press cakefor fertilizer / glycerin for soap)

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    City Government adopts jatropha curcas for ruralindustrialization, as well as reforestation and erosion control

    The Lowly Jatropha Hugs the Limelight

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    Challengesinto

    opportunities

    Biodiesel R & D is born

    Hon. German P. Saraa, Jr.,

    City Mayor of Bayawan,creates Research andDevelopment Team onBiodiesel Production on May15, 2006

    Main task of the team:Establish most appropriate

    method in biodieselprocessing in support of agro-industrialization in rural areas

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    Trying out the Transesterification Process

    R & D chemists do

    the lab

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    Dr. Rico Cruz Comes to Town

    US-based Agrl Engineer from theUniversity of Idaho

    Over 15 years hands-on experience onbiodiesel research, production, testing,and use

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    Dr. Cruz demonstrates use of 100% biodiesel on one of the citys vehicle

    Seeingand Smelling is Believing

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    Chemistry of Biodiesel Production

    Vegetable / plant oil

    (triglyceride)

    Fattyacid

    Fattyacid

    GlycerinFattyacid

    +

    KOH (catalyst)

    =

    Fattyacid

    Fattyacid

    Fattyacid

    Fatty Acid Methyl Ester

    &

    Glycerin

    GlycerinMethanol

    methanol methanol methanol

    Potassium

    Hydroxide

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    Basics of Base CatalyzedTransesterification

    Mix 11 grams of potassium hydroxide (KOH)

    with 220 ml of methanol. Add the mixture to 1 liter vegetable oil and

    stir or shake vigorously for about 30 minutes

    Let it settle overnight

    This is how the

    product appears:

    upper layer is

    biodiesel, lowerportion is glycerin

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    Methyl Ester Products from Coco and Jatropha Oil

    Coco Methyl Ester Jatropha Methyl Ester

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    BAYAWANS

    PROPOSED

    BATCH

    PROCESSINGPLANT

    Setting up the Refinery

    Scale modelsimplified to

    the max!

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    Process Flow

    Alcohol+

    Catalyst

    Crude or Refined

    Plant-basedOil

    TRANSESTERIFICATION

    (stirred / mixed for 1-2 hours)Heating the mixture to 60C is recommended

    Settling Tank

    BIODIESEL(Ready for

    Use)

    CRUDEGLYCEROL

    2 2 % m e t h an o l +

    1 1 g r a m s o f

    po tass ium

    h y d r o x i d e ( d e p en d i n g o n

    g r a d e o f t h e

    ca ta lys t and

    qua l i t y o f t h e o i l )

    Biodieselphase

    Glycerin phase

    Let

    glycerinephase

    settle for atleast 24

    hours

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    Costing of Coconut Biodiesel

    Average cost of production per liter Coco oil - PhP 35.00 / liter

    Indl grade methanol - 9.90 / 220mL

    Potassium hydroxide - 1.10/ 11 g

    Labor/Power/Misc - 2.00

    Cost per liter - 48.00/ liter

    When income from copra meal and glycerine will be considered at

    PhP 7.00/kg and PhP 15.00/liter respectively, the cost of biodiesel

    production may be reduced to PhP 40.00 to PhP 45.00 per liter

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    R & D Activities Present:

    Continue with advocacy and IEC

    Supply and sourcing of materials Construction of biodiesel plant and

    laboratory

    Future:

    Oil extraction methods and technologies Actual testing with service vehicles

    Collaboration with other agencies andentities

    Uses and applications of by-products

    Transfer of technology to the privatesector

    PLANT OIL STOVE

    Visitors from Japan try out BB100on a Toyata vehicle

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    Comparison of Combustion Chamber

    Findings from a study done at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand

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    Hello Squeezing Goodbye Drilling

    Burning up calories withthe Piteba manual expeller

    The

    mechanized

    oil screwpress

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    Pedal Powered Fuel for your Pick-up Truck

    An alternative way of using the

    Piteba expeller.

    B k t th F t t R li R d lf Di l D

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    Back to the Future to Relive Rudolf Diesels Dream

    A futuristic scene in Bayawans oilfields?

    The use of vegetable oils forengine fuels may seem

    insignificant today. But such

    oils may become, in the

    course of time, as important aspetroleum and the coal tar

    products of the present time.

    Dr. Rudolf Karl Diesel,1912

    THANK YOU