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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
24

Solid waste mgt

Aug 21, 2014

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Environment

Ankit Jain

 
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Page 1: Solid waste mgt

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Page 2: Solid waste mgt

WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

• Solid or semi-solid waste material (including gases and liquids in containers) which are non soluble in nature are solid waste.

• It may be hazardous or not and includes agricultural refuse, demolition waste, industrial waste, mining residues, municipal garbage and sewage sludge.

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Waste Classification

• Domestic waste• Factory waste• E-waste• Construction waste• Agricultural waste• Food processing waste• Bio-medical waste• Nuclear waste

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Solid Waste

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SOLID WASTE COMPOSITIONsource: estimate of ministry of forest and environmrnt

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Solid Waste in India

• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste generated per year

• One Sq km of additional landfill area reqiured every-year

• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes

• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year, which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

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Growth of Solid Waste In India

• Waste is growing by leaps & bounds

• In 2002-2012, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2 million to 12.3 million

• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%

• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities

• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on hygienic condition of the city

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

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How solid waste affected us in past years?

• Cloudburst in Mumbai clogged the sewage line due to large number of plastic bags

• Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the food movement in their stomach

• Reduction in the number of birds due to consumption of hazardous waste

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Major Polluting Industries in India

• Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million cubic metre of waste water containing high level of dissolved solids and 4,00,000 tonnes of hazardous solid waste

• Thermal power plants and around 300 distilleries discharge huge waste materials which are disposed without proper treatment.

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Waste Collection in India

• Primarily by the city municipality-Collection of waste product eg glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc-Dump these wastes to the city outskirts

• Local rag pickers-Collecting glass bottles-Collecting paper for recycling

• Sophisticated Waste Management (By Waste Management vehicle) -Collecting bio-degradable and non bio degradable

waste separately

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WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY

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Managing Waste

Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.

Benefits of recycling:-Reduce environmental degradation-Making money out of waste-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &

product manufacture

Saving through recycling:-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to

100 litres of oil

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OPEN DUMPING They are in open areas Minimum effort and expense Unsanitary and smelly Vermin and pests breed there Contaminate soil, water and air Chances of fire hazard Therefore it is not much preferred

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SANITARY LANDFILLS

Sanitary landfills have largely replaced open dumps.

Each day trash is spread in thin layersIt is then compacted downCovered with a soil layer Graded for drainage

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INCENARATION

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of solid waste at 1000 degree celsius.

waste materials are converted into ash, flue gas, and heat.

The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and gases due to organic waste.

the heat generated by incineration is used to generate electric power.

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INCINERATION PLANT OBERHAUSEN, GERMANY

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OCEAN DUMPING

Ocean dumping is the dumping or placing of materials in the ocean, often on the continental shelf in specially designed containers.

A wide range of materials are involved, including garbage, construction and demolition debris, sewage sludge, dredge material, waste chemicals, and nuclear waste.

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BIOLOGICAL REPROCESSINGMaterials such as plants, food scraps, and

paper products can be decomposed into the organic matter.

The organic matter that is produced from this type of recycling can then be used for such things as landscaping purpose or agricultural uses.

Usually this method of recycling is done by putting the materials in a container and let to stay there until it decomposes.

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PLASMA GASIFICATIONPlasma gasification is a new garbage

disposal solution using plasma technology.Uses electrical energy and the high

temperatures (4000°C to over 7000°C) created by an plasma torches.

Almost completely breaks down the waste into syngas which are used to generate electricity.

The remaining material (slag) is used to produced material for building projects

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OUR CONTRIBUTIONReduce paper wasteSwitch to reusable transport containers.

Reuse furniture and supplies such as envelopes, file folders etc

Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses

Donate/Exchange:

old books,old clothes,old computers,excess building materials,old equipment to local organizations

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THANK YOU