Solar tracker using pmdc motor

Solar Tracker Using PMDC MOTORSolar Tracker Using PMDC MOTOR

Brijesh KumarBrijesh KumarSankalp ShahSankalp Shah

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Abstract Objective What is Solar Tracker Need of Solar Tracker Types of Trackers List of Components Pin Diagram of Arduino Block Diagram Circuit Diagram Programm Advantages & Disadvantages

Maximization of efficiency of solar panel using solar tracking system with the help of permanent magnet DC motor(PMDC), Photodiode & micro-controller.

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Solar tracker is basically a device onto which solar panels are fitted which tracks the motion of the sun across the sky ensuring that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day

After finding the sunlight, the tracker will try to navigate through the path ensuring the best sunlight is detected.

Around 25% of the world's people live without electricity. This lack of light tends to keep them in poverty

The earth receives 84 Terawatts of power from sun and our world consumes about 12 Terawatts of power per day

Only 12% to 18% of the sun's solar energy is converted to electrical power by the silicon in a solar panel, so more panels are installed to produce the total kilowatts of solar power needed.

In order to maximize the conversion from solar to electrical energy, the solar panels have to be positioned perpendicular to the sun. Thus the tracking of the sun is important.

Our system will output up to 40% more energy than solar panels without tracking systems.

Work to be presented in next report:

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1) Single axis tracker

2) Dual axis tracker

LIST OF COMPONENTSLIST OF COMPONENTS

1) PHOTODIODE 2) ARDUINO ATMEGA8L-8PU MICROCONTROLLER3) LCD DISPLAY4) PMDC MOTOR

28-pin AVR Microcontroller Flash Program Memory: 8 kbytes EEPROM Data Memory: 512 bytes I/O Pins: 23 Timers: Two 8-bit / One 16-bit A/D Converter: 10-bit Six Channel PWM: Three Channels RTC: Yes with Separate Oscillator MSSP: SPI and I²C Master and Slave Support USART: Yes External Oscillator: up to 8MHz

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

const int analogInPin1a = A0; const int analogInPin1b = A1; const int analogInPin2a = A4; const int analogInPin2b = A5; 

int x1 = 0;        // value read from the potint x2 = 0;int y1 = 0;int y2 = 0;int x = 0;int y = 0;

int relay1 =  7;int relay1a = 8;int relay2 =  5;int relay2a = 6;int diff = 0;int sel = 2;LiquidCrystal lcd(A3, A2, 12, 11, 10, 9);

void setup() {    pinMode(relay1, OUTPUT);  pinMode(relay1a, OUTPUT);  pinMode(relay2, OUTPUT);  pinMode(relay2a, OUTPUT);  pinMode(sel,INPUT);  lcd.begin(16, 2);

void loop() {  // read the analog in value:  x1 = analogRead(analogInPin1a);              x2 = analogRead(analogInPin1b);  y1 = analogRead(analogInPin2a);  y2 = analogRead(analogInPin2b);  

   x=x1-x2;y=y1-y2;

if(digitalRead(sel)==HIGH){if(x>diff){  digitalWrite(relay1, HIGH);}

else  digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);  if(x<diff){  digitalWrite(relay1a, HIGH);} 

else  digitalWrite(relay1a, LOW);  

if(y>diff){digitalWrite(relay2, HIGH);}

else  digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);  if(y<diff){  digitalWrite(relay2a, HIGH);} 

else  digitalWrite(relay2a, LOW);}else{  digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);  digitalWrite(relay2a, LOW);  digitalWrite(relay1a, LOW);  digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);}

lcd.clear();lcd.setCursor(0, 0);lcd.print("X:");lcd.print(x1);lcd.setCursor(7, 0);//lcd.print("  X2:");lcd.print(x2);lcd.setCursor(12, 0);lcd.print(" ");lcd.print(x);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);lcd.print("Y:");lcd.print(y1);lcd.setCursor(7, 1);//lcd.print("  Y2:");lcd.print(y2);lcd.setCursor(12, 1);lcd.print(" ");lcd.print(y);delay(500);

  // wait 500 milliseconds before the next loop  // for the analog-to-digital converter to settle  // after the last reading:                    }

AdvantagesAdvantages Increase the Efficiency and Maximization of Energy

It is Pollution free method.

It has law running cost.

DisadvantagesDisadvantages It has high initial cost.

Programming is complicated.

Maintainance required because of moving parts.

Weather Condition Can Affect The System.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU