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Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Solar Energy

Page 2: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

The Earth receives energy at a rate of

1365 W/m2 (R2)=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x106 m (Area =1.3x1014 m2)

Page 3: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

• Multiple by ½ since any collector will be in the sun for ½ a day

• 87,000 TWatts

Page 4: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Multiply by ½ again for the angle of the collector not pointing directly at the sun.

43,500 TWatts

Page 5: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Multiply by 0.3 for useable area on Earth

13,000 TWatts

Page 6: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Multiply by ½ for average clear sky conditions and absorption by our atmosphere.

=6500 TW

Page 7: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

“From Sustainable Energy Without Hot Air” http://www.withouthotair.com/

Page 8: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

• Multiply by 0.17 to reflect typical efficiency of solar collectors

870.0 Terra Watts

“From Sustainable Energy Without Hot Air” http://www.withouthotair.com/

Page 9: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Multiply by _________ to get estimate of land that we want to cover up.

Usable Solar _________________

Page 10: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

For Portland Oregon 30W/m2 for photovoltaic and 80 W/m2 for heating

Need is about 30 kWhr/day /family

10 hr days 3 kW =3000 W Assumming an average power of 60 W/m2 Area of 50 m2 3m high by 17 m wide

Page 11: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

How much non-Fossil Fuel energy must be created in the next 25 years?

495 x1015 BTU per year =522 x1018 Joules/year= 522 ExoJoules=16 TW=56 KWhr/day/person=$4.50 /day/person

Page 12: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )
Page 13: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

“From Sustainable Energy Without Hot Air” http://www.withouthotair.com/

Figure 6.19. A combined-heat-and-power photovoltaic unit from Heliodynamics. A reflector area of 32m2 (a bit larger than the side of a double-decker bus) delivers up to10 kW of heat and 1.5 kW of electrical power. In a sun-belt country, one of these one-ton devices could deliver about 60 kWh/d of heat and 9 kWh/d of electricity. These powers correspond to average fluxes of 80W/m2 of heat and 12W/m2 of electricity (that’s per square metre of device surface); these fluxes are similar to the fluxes delivered by standard solar heating panels and solar photovoltaic panels, but Heliodynamics’s concentrating design delivers power at a lower cost, because most of the material is simple flat glass. For comparison, the total power consumption of the average European person is 125 kWh/d.

Page 14: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Figure 6.10. Some Miscanthus grass enjoying the company of Dr Emily Heaton, who is 5’4” (163 cm) tall. In Britain, Miscanthus achieves a power per unit area of 0.75W/m2. Photo provided by the University of Illinois.

“From Sustainable Energy Without Hot Air” http://www.withouthotair.com/

Page 15: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Wind

Page 16: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )
Page 17: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

The UK has the best wind resources in Europe.Sustainable Development Commission

Wind farms will devastate the countryside pointlessly.James Lovelock

Page 18: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

How much wind power could we plausibly generate?

If the typical windspeed is 6m/s (13miles per hour,or 22 km/h), the power per unit area of wind farm is about 2W/m2.

Cover the Earth 260 TW??????

Page 19: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

How much wind power could we plausibly generate?

If the typical windspeed is 6m/s (13miles per hour,or 22 km/h), the power per unit area of wind farm is about 2W/m2.

Page 20: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )
Page 21: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )
Page 22: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Geothermal

Geothermal power in Iceland. Average geothermal electricity generation in Iceland (population, 300 000) in 2006 was 300MW (24 kWh/d per person). More than half of Iceland’s electricity is used for aluminium production.Photo by Gretar ´Ivarsson.

“From Sustainable Energy Without Hot Air” http://www.withouthotair.com/

Page 23: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )
Page 24: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )

Hydro-Electric

Three Gorges Dam On Yangtze River in ChinaApproximately 9 G Watts=0.009 Terra Watt

Page 25: Solar Energy. The Earth receives energy at a rate of 1365 W/m 2 ( R 2 )=174,000 TerraWatts R=6.37x10 6 m (Area =1.3x10 14 m 2 )