SOL Essential Question Answer - Wikispacesandrewshistoryportal.wikispaces.com/file/view/EssentialKnowledge... · Essential Knowledge Packet U.S. History 1865-Present Ashley Ide 2011-2012

Essential Knowledge Packet U.S. History 1865-Present Ashley Ide 2011-2012

SOL Essential Question Answer

USII. 2A.

1. How did peopleʼs perceptions and use of the Great Plains change after the Civil War?

2. How did people adapt to

life in challenging environments?

Technological advances allowed people to live in more challenging environments.

Physical Features and Climate of the

Great Plains

Perception Before Technology Perception After Technology

Because of new ____________________,

people saw the Great Plains not as a ______________________, but as a _____________ area to be settled.

Inventions/Adaptations

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.



USII. 2B. USII. 2c.

1. How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and markets?

2. What are examples of

manufacturing areas that were located near centers of population?

Regions and Major Cities

Resources Market 1. Natural Resources Eastern Factories 2. ____________ ____________ 3. ____________ ____________

Industry Location 1. Textile New England 2. ____________ ____________ 3. ____________ ____________ Advances in transportation linked resources, products, and markets. Manufacturing areas were clustered near centers of population. A state is an example of a political region. States may be grouped as part of different regions, depending upon the criteria used. Cities serve as centers of trade and have political, economic, and cultural significance.



USII. 2C. 1. What is one way of grouping the 50 states?

Region

1. Northeast 2. Southeast 3. Midwest 4. Southwest 5. Rocky

Mountain 6. Pacific 7. Non Contiguous

States



USII. 2C. (cont.)

2. What are some examples of cities that historically have had political, economic, and/or cultural significance to the development of the United States?

Region

1. Northeast 2. Southeast 3. Midwest 4. Southwest 5. Rocky Mountain 6. Pacific 7. Non Contiguous

Cities

USII. 3A. 1. What are the basic provisions of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States?

13th- 14th- 15th- * All three amendments guarantee ________ ____________ under the law for all citizens.



USII. 3B. 1. What were the

reconstruction policies of the South?

The Reconstruction policies were ____________ and created problems in

the _______________.

Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the __________________

that the former enslaved African Americans had achieved.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.



USII. 3B. USII. 3C.

2. What were the reconstruction policies of the South? (contʼd)

1. What were the lasting impacts of the actions of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass?

End of Reconstruction 1. 2. A. Abraham Lincoln B. Robert E. Lee C. Frederick Douglass



USII. 4A.

1. Why did Westward Expansion occur after the Civil War?

New ______________ and technological ________________ led to ______________________ migration following the Civil War.

Reasons for expansion: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.



USII. 4A. 2. How did the lives of American Indians change with westward expansion?

Impact of American Indians: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.



USII. 4B. 1. Why did immigration increase?

2. Why did cities grow and

develop?

Population changes, growth of __________, and new inventions produced ________________ and often _______________ between different _______________ groups. Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced problems in ______________ areas.

Reasons for increased immigration:

1. 2. 3. 4. Reasons why cities grew and developed:

1. 2. 3.



USII. 4B. What challenges faced Americans as a result of these social and technological changes?

Efforts to Solve Immigration Issues:

1. 2.

Discrimination Against Immigrants: 1. 2.

Challenges Faced By Cities: 1.

2. Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to ____________________ immigrant neighborhoods and _______________________.



USII. 4C.

1. What is racial

segregation? 2. How were African

Americans discriminated against?

______________________ continued against African Americans after __________________________.

“Jim Crow” laws institutionalized a

system of legal _________________________.

African Americans differed in their

response to ______________________ and “Jim Crow”.

Racial Segregation: 1. 2. 3.

“Jim Crow” Laws: 1. 2. 3.



USII. 4C. 3. How did African Americans respond to discrimination and “Jim Crow”?

African American Responses: 1. Booker T. Washington 2. W.E.B. DuBois 3. Frederick Douglass

Jim Crow laws were passed to _____________________ against African Americans.



USII. 4D.

1. What inventions created great change and industrial growth in the United States?

2. What created the rise in

big business? 3. What factors caused the

growth of industry?

Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed

from an _______________ to an ________________________ nation.

Inventions:

1. 2.

Reasons for rise in big business: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Factors causing growth of industry: 1. 2. 3. 4.



USII. 4D. 4. How did industrialization and the rise of big business influence life on American farms?

Examples of big business: 1. 2. 3.

Postwar changes in farm and city life:

1. 2. 3. The effects of industrialization led to the rise of _________________ labor and important workplace __________________.



USII. 4E. 1. How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?

How did workers respond to the negative effects of industrialization?

Negative effects of industrialization: 1. 2. 3.

Rise of Organized labor: 1. 2.

Progressive Movement workplace reforms:

1. 2. 3.

Womenʼs suffrage:

1. 2. Attained voting rights * *

Temperance Movement: 1. 2.



USII. 5A.

1. What were the reasons for the Spanish American War?

2. What were the results of

the Spanish American War?

The United States emerged as a world power as a result of victory over

___________ in the Spanish American War.

Results of SAW: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Results of SAW: 1. 2. 3.



USII. 5B. 1. What were Theodore Rooseveltʼs foreign policies?

2. What was Theodore

Rooseveltʼs impact on the foreign policy of the United States?

Policy: ________________ expanded the ______________ _____________ as a way to prevent European involvement in the affairs of Caribbean and South American countries.

Impact on foreign policy:

1. 2. 3.



USII. 5C.

1. What were the reasons for the United Statesʼ becoming involved in World War I?

2. Who were the Allies?

The United States involvement in World War I ended along tradition of ________________ involvement in

________________ conflicts and set the stage for the United States to

________________ as a _____________ superpower later in the 20th century.

Reasons for U.S. involvement in WWI: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Major Allied Powers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.



USII. 5C. 3. Who were the Central

Powers? 4. In what ways did the United States provide international leadership at the conclusion of the war?

Central Powers:

1. 2. 3. 4.

United States leadership as the war ended:

1. 2.



USII. 6A.

1. How was social and economic life in the early twentieth century different from that in the late nineteenth century?

2. What factors increased

factory and labor productivity?

Technology extended progress into all areas of American life, including

neglected rural areas.

Results of improved transportation brought about by affordable automobiles:

1. 2. 3. 4. Invention of the airplane: 1. Use of the assembly line: 1. 2. Communication Changes: 1. 2. 3.

Ways electrification changed American life:

1. 2. 3. 4.



USII. 6B.

1. What was prohibition and how effective was it?

2. Why did African

Americans migrate to northern cities?

3. What were the

economic changes during the twentieth century?

Reforms in the early twentieth century could not legislate how people

behaved.

Economic conditions and violence led to the migration of people.

Prohibition:

Definition: Results: 1. 2. 3.

Great Migration north and west: 1. 2. 3. 4.



USII. 6C.

1. Who were the leaders in

art, music, and literature during the 1920ʼs and 1930ʼs?

2. What were the contributions of these leaders?

The 1920ʼs and 1930ʼs were important decades for American art, literature,

and music.

The leaders of the Harlem Renaissance drew upon the heritage of black culture

to establish themselves as powerful forces for cultural change.

Cultural climate of the 1920ʼs and 1930ʼs:

1. Art: 2. Literature: 3. Music:



USII. 6C. 3. How did the Harlem Renaissance influence American life?

Harlem Renaissance:

Definition: 1. Art: 2. Literature: 3. Music:

The popularity of these artists spread beyond Harlem to the rest of the

society.



USII. 6D.

1. What were the causes of the Great Depression?

2. How were the lives of

Americans affected by the Great Depression?

The optimism of the 1920ʼs concealed problems in the American economic

system and attitudes about the role of government in controlling the

economy.

The Great Depression had a widespread and severe impact on

American life.

Franklin Rooseveltʼs New Deal used _______________________ programs

to help the nation ______________ from the _______________________.

Causes of the Great Depression: 1. 2. 3.

Impact on Americans: 1. 2. 3. 4.



USII. 6D. USII. 7a.

3. What were the major features of the New Deal?

World War II

Major features of the New Deal:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Political and economic conditions in ___________________ following ____________ _________ ____ led to the rise of fascism and to World War II. The rise of fascism threatened peace in ________________ and ______________. As conflict grew in Europe and Asia, ________________ foreign policy evolved from __________________ to ____________ involvement.



USII. 7A. 1. How did post- World War I Europe set the stage for World War II?

2. How did the rise of

fascism affect world events following World War I?

Causes of World War II: 1. Political instability and economic

devastation in Europe resulting from World War I:

_ _ _ _ 2. Rise of Fascism: _ _ _

The Allies:

1. Democratic nations (the United States, ______________ _____________, Canada, China, and France) were known as the Allies. The ____________ ______________ joined the Allies after being invaded by ____________________. 2. Allied leaders included Franklin D. Roosevelt and later ___________ ___ ____________ (__________ __________), Winston Churchill (_______________ ______________), & _______________ _______________ (Soviet Union).



USII. 7A. 3. How did American policy toward events in Europe and Asia change over time?

Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to direct involvement:

1. (Great Depression & legacy of WWI) 2. 3.

War in the Pacific: 1. 2. 3. 4.



USII. 7B. 1. What were the major events and turning points of World War II?

Major events and turning points of World War II:

1. Germany invaded __________, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland & ______ nations.

2. Germany invaded ________ and captured ________.

3. __________ bombed London, and the Battle of __________ began.

4. The United States gave ________ war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in the Bermuda and the Caribbean (_____ _______)

5. _________ bombed Pearl Harbor. 6. After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor,

__________ declared war on the U.S. 7. The United States declared war on

Germany and ________. 8. The U.S. was victorious in the Battle of

____________. 9. ___________ invaded the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union defeated Germany in Stalingrad (Battle of Stalingrad), marking the turning point of the war in ____________ Europe.

10. American and other Allied troops landed in _____________, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of ___________ Europe.

11. The United States dropped two atomic bombs on ___________ (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945, forcing Japan to ___________ and ending World War II.



USII. 7B. (cont.)

2. What was the Holocaust?

Holocaust: 1. 2. 3. 4. Tactics _ _ _ _

How did it end? Liberation by _______________ forces of Jews and others in ___________________ camps. Despite initial __________ success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies persevered and ultimately defeated Germany and ________________. The Holocaust is an example of prejudice and __________________ taken to the extreme.



USII. 7C.

1. How did Americans at home support the war effort?

2. What effect did the war have on race relations in America?

World War II affected every ____________ of American life.

Americans were asked to make

__________________ in support of the war effort and the ideas for which we

fought.

Home Front Support:

* American involvement in World War II

brought an end to the _________ _____________. ___________ and workers were needed to produce good to win the ________.

1. 2.

Race Relations: 1. 2.



USII. 8A.

1. How did United States

help rebuild postwar Europe and Japan?

Learning from the mistakes of the past, the ____________ ____________ accepted its role as a world superpower, helping to ________________ Europe and _____________ and taking a leading role in establishing the _____________ _______________. Much of ___________ was in ruins following World War II. Soviet forces occupied most of ________ and _______ Europe and the eastern portion of __________. The United States felt it was in its best interest to help rebuild Europe and prevent ___________ and economic ______________.

Rebuilding:

1. The United States instituted George C. Marshallʼs plan to rebuild Europe ( the ___________ ________), which provided massive ___________ aid to rebuild European economies and ________ the spread of ____________.

2. Germany was ______________ into East and West Germany. West Germany became __________ and resumed self-government after a few years of _________, __________, and French occupation. _______ Germany remained under the domination of the _________ ________ and did not adopt ____________ institutions.

3. Following its defeat, ________ was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a _____________ form of government, resumed self-government, and become a strong ________ of the _________ _________.



USII. 8B.

1. What contributed to the prosperity of Americans following World War II?

Establishment of the United Nations: 1. The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the ___________ of the world to try and _________ future __________ wars.

Following World War II, ___________________ prospered due to an expanding economy stimulated

by Americaʼs involvement in the ________.

Reasons for Growth: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.



USII. 8C. The Cold War The United States and the Soviet Union _______________ from World War II as

____________ ________________, triggering a rivalry over ________________ and

_________________ _______________.

Since World War II, the United States has been directly involved in various _______________ that reflected the

__________________ created by Cold War tensions and

___________________.

The _______________ between the __________ world and the communist

world caused divisiveness at ____________ and aboard.

The Cold War was the __________________ organizing principle in __________________

affairs for 40 years.



USII. 8C. 1. How and why did the

Cold War begin? 2. What have been the

major conflicts and confrontations involving America in the post - World War II era?

3. How did Cold War

tensions cause divisiveness at home?

Term to know: Cold War- The state of _________ without actual _________ between the United States and the __________ __________, which __________ the world into two camps.

Origins of the Cold War: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Major conflicts in the post-World War II era:

1. Korean War: 2. The Cuban Missile Crisis: 3. Vietnam War:



USII. 8C. (cont.) USII. 8d.

4. How did communism collapse in Europe?

5. How were the challenges after the Cold War different from earlier challenges? Post World War II

Americans were divided over whether the ______________ ________________

should be involved militarily in _________________.

The conflict ended in a

________________________ agreement in which the U.S. troops ___________________.

Collapse of Communism:

1. 2.

New Challenges:

1. 2. 3. Changing patterns in American society at the end of WWII, changed the way most Americans _______________ and _________________.



USII. 8D. 1. What factors led to changing patterns of society in the post-World War II era?

2. What policies and programs expanded educational and employment opportunities for the military, women, and minorities?

Factors leading to changing patterns in United States society:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Policies and programs expanding educational and employment

opportunities: 1. 2. 3.



USII. 8E. 1. How has globalization impacted American life?

Definition: Globalization is the linking of nations through __________, information, technologies, and __________________. Globalization involves increased integration of different societies.

Impact of globalization on American life: 1. 2. 3.



USII. 9A.

1. What were some effects of segregation on American society?

2. How did the African

American struggle for equality become a mass movement?

3. How did the law support

the struggle for equality for African Americans?

The Civil Rights Movement resulted in _________________ that ensured

_____________________ rights to all citizens regardless of ______________.

Women activist were inspired by the achievements of the _____________

___________________ Movement and took action to gain equality for themselves, particularly in the ________________________.

Some effects of segregation: 1. 2. 3.

Civil Rights Movement: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.



USII. 9A. (cont.) USII. 9B.

4. How were women disadvantaged in the workplace?

5. What actions were taken to improve conditions for women? New Technologies

Changing role of women: 1. Workplace disadvantages: * * 2. Improved conditions: * * 3. The Equal Rights Amendment: After the war, Americans turned their energies to the development of ___________________ technologies. New technologies in ___________________, entertainment, and business have dramatically affected American _____________.



USII. 9B. 1. What industries benefited the most from new technologies?

2. What impact did new

technologies have on American life?

3. How have new technologies in communication, entertainment, and business affected American life?

Industries benefiting from new technologies:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Impact of new technologies on American

life: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.



USII. 9C. 1. How have representative citizens influenced America scientifically, culturally, academically, and economically?

Science:

1. Charles Drew: 2. J. Robert Oppenheimer:

Culture:

1. Frank Lloyd Wright: 2. Martha Graham:

Academics:

1. Henry Louis: 2. Maya Angelou:

Economics:

1. Bill Gates: 2. Ray Kroc:



USII. 9D. 1. How have American foreign policies, energy policies, and environmental policies affected people both in the United States and in other countries?

Foreign Policy:

1. 2. 3.

Immigration: 1. 2.

Global Environment:

1. 2. 3.

Other Issues:

1.

SOL Essential Question Answer - Wikispacesandrewshistoryportal.wikispaces.com/file/view/EssentialKnowledge... · Essential Knowledge Packet U.S. History 1865-Present Ashley Ide 2011-2012

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