Socratic Method Socratic Method The Rest of the Story The Rest of the Story Dan Foster, PhD, ATC January 6, 2011
Jan 17, 2016
Socratic MethodSocratic MethodThe Rest of the StoryThe Rest of the Story
Dan Foster, PhD, ATCJanuary 6, 2011
Socratic MethodSocratic Method
Socrates House
Questions can stir tensionQuestions can stir tension
Cognitive Resonance
Cognitive Dissonance
Dissonance and wonder are often derived from unfamiliar ideas, opposing opinions, and conflicting situations
Festinger L. Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. 1957.
More about SocratesMore about Socrates
Hegel GWF, Lectures 1800
469 BC – 399 BC Sculptor/Midwife Loved philosophy Crito paid for schooling
(oration, music, math, etc –cultured)
Warrior in Peloponesian War
Studied under Anaxagoras at age 37
Athens, Greece
City States Democracy Free Society/Slaves 100,000 population Markets Sophists Sciences dominated
Socratic MethodSocratic Method
Concrete behavior for a moral issue Take on the role of student Respondent becomes teacher Work toward the opposite meaning and a
universal idea Get agreement that the original idea is
now invalid – cognitive dissonance Now we are ready to think critically
Socratic Method - ExampleSocratic Method - Example
What is courage?Response: conspicuously and
fearlessly facing an enemy in battle at the risk of death and going beyond the call to protect and defend the rights of our country
Have you ever given a public speech?
PimpingPimping
Branchati, 1989The attending (pimper) poses a
series of difficult questions to a resident or medical student (pimpee).
Morning report or attending roundsOriginated in the 17th century in
London
Detsky A. The Art of Pimping. JAMA. 2009; 301:1379-1381.
Advice to the PimpeeAdvice to the Pimpee Avoidance The Muffin The Hostile
Response The List Honorable
Surrender
Pimp Back The Politician’s
Approach Use PDA Do not Sulk/Cry
Detsky A. The Art of Pimping. JAMA. 2009; 301:1379-1381.
Advice for the PimperAdvice for the Pimper Respect
educational order Do not embarrass
other attendings Look for the
avoider or muffin eater
Use the public apology
Provide praise
Detsky A. The Art of Pimping. JAMA. 2009; 301:1379-1381.
Critical Thinking SkillsCritical Thinking Skills
Concept clarification– “tell me more”
Probe assumptions– “shaking the bedrock”
Probe rationale, reasons, and evidence– “dig into reasoning”
Critical Thinking SkillsCritical Thinking Skills
Question viewpoints and perspectives– “attack the view”
Probe implications, consequences– “make sense?”
Question the question– “push the ball back”
Curiosity - Conference and Curiosity - Conference and ResearchResearchCuriosity is a critical motiveInformation gap – dissonance– Small gaps are best– Satisfaction is pleasurable– Unintentional dissonance• Questions• Unknowns• Tip of the tongue
Lowenstein G. Psychological Bulletin. 1994; 116:75-98.
SummarySummary
Curiosity - precipitates questionsSocratic Method – moral issuesPut In My Place