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DO NOW - Journal: DO NOW - Journal: What would you be willing to give up your live for, and why? Try to include the word “value” in your answer. (Value can be a verb or a noun.)
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Socrates and Plato

Jan 07, 2016

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Socrates and Plato. DO NOW - Journal: What would you be willing to give up your live for, and why? Try to include the word “value” in your answer. ( Value can be a verb or a noun .). Values. Everyone will have a personal answer to this question that is unique to their situation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Socrates and Plato

DO NOW - Journal: DO NOW - Journal:

What would you be willing to give up your live for,

and why?

Try to include the word “value” in your answer.

(Value can be a verb or a noun.)

Page 2: Socrates and Plato

Everyone will have a personal answer to this question that is unique to their situation.

They will refer to specific things they care about.

This is called subjective value. These things have subjective, or personal, importance.

(Opposite –universal or “Objective” value)

For Socrates, one universal value: TRUTH This value was worth dying for…

Page 3: Socrates and Plato

Greek City-State Birthplace of Western

philosophy Socrates His Pupil Plato Socrates develops

his Socratic method Plato founds the

first college to teachphilosophy

Plato’s student Aristotle develops the field

Page 4: Socrates and Plato

Socrates compared himself to a “Horse-fly” on society’s butt

He managed to piss off lots of powerful people with his constant questions

Eventually he was arrested on 2 charges:1. Impiety (for his “strange” view on the Gods)2. Corrupting the Youth (for encouraging the young not to fight in Athens’s constant wars over territory)

Page 5: Socrates and Plato

“I would rather die having spoken in my manner, than speak in your manner and live. …The difficulty, my friends, is not in avoiding death, but in avoiding unrighteousness; for that runs deeper than death…” Quoted from Plato’s Book on the trial, Apology, 38e-39a

Page 6: Socrates and Plato

Socrates had a student, Plato, who was greatly upset by his execution. He was furious at his fellow Athenians (some voted to kill Socrates.)

He decided the world needed philosophy, so he founded the first college: ACADEMY Here, he began to teach his famous THEORY of FORMS, a theory about True Reality

Page 7: Socrates and Plato

-Plato’s famous fable about Truth -Come down on the floor – demonstration-Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTWwY8Ok5I0

-After: Each element of the story is symbolic. Figure out the symbolism, and the message of the myth.

1 PEOPLE=1 PEOPLE=2 CAVE=2 CAVE=3 CHAINS=3 CHAINS=4 SHADOWS=4 SHADOWS=5 ESCAPEE=5 ESCAPEE=6 OUTSIDE=6 OUTSIDE=7 SUN=7 SUN=8 REJECTION=8 REJECTION=

Page 8: Socrates and Plato

Plato sees that things in the material world do not last, but decay over time (impermanence)

Ideas and Concepts, however, are Eternal He reasons that Ideas represent a Higher Realm

than the world of sensory experience Trust thought, not your senses Truth is not a physical thing, but an Idea (Form)

-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6KVHMU3gb8

What kind of epistemology is this? Why are its (scary) implications?

Page 9: Socrates and Plato

If there are “other Realms” that we lack the faculties to perceive, what else don’t we know?

If our senses deceive us, how can we be sure our experience is the Truth?

These kind of questions lead to an epistemology of doubt: SKEPTICISM

Various “Skepticisms” about Reality

Page 10: Socrates and Plato

Anyone who’s had a vivid dream knows it feels “Real” to your mind until you wake

It is impossible to prove this is not a dream(How would you prove it 100%?)

If this was a dream, what would you “wake up into?”“ Is all that we see or seemBut a dream within a dream? “ – Edgar Allan Poe

Page 11: Socrates and Plato

French Philosopher Rene Descartes asked:What if what I think of as the Outside World is an illusion created by an Evil Demon to trick me?

He didn’t really think this: he was testing the limits of knowledge. He was shocked he couldn’t disprove it!

Descartes finally decided: “Cogito, ergo Sum.”

This means, “I think, therefore I exist.”

Because he could experience his own thoughts from “within,” he was convinced his mind was real, but not necessarily his body or the Outside World!

Page 12: Socrates and Plato