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Page 1: Social psychology
Page 2: Social psychology

DEFINITION:

THE SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE THAT ATTEMPTS TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN HOW THE THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUALS ARE INFLUENCE BY THE ACTUAL, IMAGINED, OR IMPLIED PRESENCE OF OTHERS.

Page 3: Social psychology

1. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

2. CULTURE AND NATURE

3. THE SELF

4. CHOICES AND ACTIONS: THE SELF IN CONTROL

5. SOCIAL COGNITION

6. ATTITUDES AAND BEHAVIOR

7. SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND PROACTIVE BEHAVIORS

8. PREJUDICE

COURSE CONTENT

Page 4: Social psychology

9. AGRESSION

AND

ANTISOCIAL

BEHAVIOR

10.ROLE OF

MEDIA IN

SOCIAL

BEHAVIOR

11. ATTRACTION

AND LOVE

12. GROUPS

13, THE FILIPINO

FAMILY

COURSE CONTENT:

Page 5: Social psychology

1. CULTURE AND NATURE:

- Essential Question: What ultimately shapes our behavior?

Topics of Study:

Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Parents, Peers and Culture

Gender

Nature v. Nurture

1. “Like father like son.”2. “You can’t teach an

old dog new tricks.”6. “Boys will be boys.”7. “You are what you

eat.”8. “Blood will tell.”9. “All men are created

equal.”

Page 6: Social psychology

FRATERNAL VS. IDENTICAL

■ Fraternal / Identical twin study findings- provide specifics for the following:Alzheimer’s

Identical =60% / Fraternal=30%

Extraversion / neuroticismIdentical more similar than fraternal

Divorce ratesIdentical x5.5 vs. fraternal x1.6

Schizophrenia 50, 10, 3, 1 (identical, fraternal, sibling, stranger)

■ What are the limitations of these studies?Genetics or environment? How do we differentiate?

Page 7: Social psychology

BELYAEV’S EXPERIMENT

■ 30 males, 100 females

■ Tamest 5% M, 20% F

■ 30 generations

■ Complete domestication

■ Now sold as house pets

■ Implications?

■ When certain traits are selected that give a reproductive

advantage, those traits will prevail

Page 8: Social psychology
Page 9: Social psychology

SELFIE

Page 10: Social psychology

CONTENT DISCOURSE

Who Makes the self: The Individual or Society?

Looking Glass Self

Self perception

Self and Information Processing

Self Esteem and Self Deception

Spotlights and Illusions

Self Presentation/Impression Management.

Page 11: Social psychology

THE SELF

What are selves for?

The Structure and function

questions are often related,

because selves like cars, trees,

leaves, forks, abredors and etc.

Are structured to have a

function.

Plus, to connect with many

other people

Page 12: Social psychology

THREE PARTS OF THE SELF

Self Knowledge/

Self Concept

Agent SelfInterpersonal Self/ Public

Self

Page 13: Social psychology

Who makes the

SelfIndividual or Society?

The importance of Society is hard to

deny; in fact, if you grew up on a

deserted island and never met other

human beings, you might hardly

have a self.

But then again, even without

meeting other human beings, a

person might still have a conception

of self as a body separate from its

environment

Dropping of stone from foot to tree

Page 14: Social psychology

LOOKING OUTSIDE: THE LOOKING GLASS

Charles Horton

Cooley“ People Learn

themselves from others”

Such knowledge on

oneself comes from

Praises which gives us

an idea how other

people perceive us.

Page 15: Social psychology

3. CHOICES AND

ACTIONS/BEHAVIOR

CONTROL: THE SELF IN

CONTROL

Page 16: Social psychology

WHAT YOU DO AND WHAT IT MEANS

- Behavior doesn’t automatically or inevitably follow

internal processes such as thoughts and feelings.

- Human behavior depends on meaning.

- Inner processes such as thoughts, feelings, and

motivations serve interpersonal functions.

- Imagining something makes it more likely to happen.

- Behavior can be described at many different levels of

meaning- for ex. , from a moving pen to writing a pulitzer

Prize- winning book.

Page 17: Social psychology

GOALS

- Goals and ideas of some desired future state and are the meaningful

link between values and actions.

- Goals tell you what to do in order to pursue and uphold your values,

and setting and pursuing goals is a vital job of the self.

- Setting goals includes choosing among possible goals and evaluating

their feasibility and desirability.

- Pursuing goals includes planning and carrying out the behaviors to

reach goals.

- People have goal hierarchies; some goals are long term and some are

short term.

- People’s plan tend to be overly optimistic, especially over a long time

span.

Page 18: Social psychology

Long term goals

1. Professional deevelopment

2. Own a house

3. Travel to other countries

4. Reach the target body figure

Short Term Goals

1. Finish lesson plan by Monday

2. Have a haircut

3. Clean the house

TYPES OF GOALS

Page 19: Social psychology

FREEDOM AND CHOICE

- Making a choice is typically a two-step process involving whittling

many choices down to a few and then doing a careful comparison of

those few.

- Risk aversion refers to the finding that people are more affected by

possible losses than by possible gains.

- Temporal discounting refers to the finding that the present is more

important than the future something liles, the less innfluence it has on

the decision.

- The certainty effect refers to the tendency to place more emphasis on

definite outcomes than on odds and probabilities.

- People may prefer to postpone hard decisions and keep their options

open as long as possible.

- The status quo bias is a preference to keep things the way they are

rather than change.

Page 20: Social psychology

SELF-REGULATION

- Self-regulation or self-control refers to the self ‘s capacity to alter its

own responses. It is essential for cultural animals to adapt to many

different demands.

- Routinary works

- Example: The teacher reminds the students of their daily tasks in the

classroom and supervises them while they are doing it. Self regulation

comes in when the teacher assigns group leaders and have their own

way of leading their group to finish their goals.

Page 21: Social psychology

IRRATIONALITY AND SELF DESTRUCTION

Self-defeating behavior is defined as any action by which people bring

failure, suffering or misfortune on themselves.

People engage in self-defeating behavior because they are making

tradeoffs or becaue they are using ineffective strategies, but not usually

because they were directly seeking future.

The capacity to delay gratification is the ability to make short-term

sacrifices in order to get long term rewards.

Example: studying masteral degrees instead of enjoying the

weekends...after graduation...a long term reward of advancement in

knowledge, and higher position or aid for promotion.

Suicidal people focus on the immediate present at a time when present

circumstances may be changing for the worse.

Page 22: Social psychology

Is the study of any

sort of thinking

by people about

people and

about social

relationships.

Page 23: Social psychology

DEFINITION

- The human mind is designed to participate in society, and this means

its primary job is dealing with other people .

- There are atleast three (3) main goals that guide how people think:

- * Find the right answer to some problem or question.

- * Reach a particular, preferred conclusion.

- * Reach a pretty good answer or decision quickly.

Page 24: Social psychology

ATTRIBUTIONS: WHY DID THAT HAPPEN?

ATTRIBUTIONS - are the inferences people make about

events in their lives.

Internal, stable attributions involve ability; internal, unstable

attributions involve effort; external, stable attributions

point to the difficulty of the task; and external, unstable

attributions involve luck.

Page 25: Social psychology

HEURISTICS: MENTAL SHORTCUTS

- Heuristics are mental shortcuts –or rules of thumb.

- The representativeness heuristic is the tendency to judge the frequency

or likelihood of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical

case.

- The availability heuristic is the tendency to judge the frequency or

likelihood of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come

to mind.

- The simulation heuristic is the tendency to judge the frequency or

likelihood of an event by the ease with which you can imagine (or

mentally simulate) an event.

- The anchoring and adjustment heuristic suggest that when people

estimate how frequent or likely an event is, they use a starting point (

called an anchoe) and then make adjustments up and down from this

starting point.

Page 26: Social psychology

ERRORS AND BIASES

- Information overload is the state of having too much information to

make a decision or remained informed about a topic.

- Estimation and shifting criteria can result in biased counts of sexual

partners.

- People generally have access to two types of information:

- * Statistical information from a large number of people

- * Case history information from a small number of people.

- People generally pay the most attention to case history information.

Page 27: Social psychology

EXAMPLE:

Men are prefered to be hired in

construction firms than women.

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WHAT ARE ATTITUDES AND WHY DO PEOPLE HAVE

THEM?

Beliefs are pieces of information, facts or opinions; attitudes are broad

evaluations (liking or disliking) toward some object or issue.

Implicit attitudes are automatic, nonconscious, evaluative responses;

explicit attitudes are controlled, conscious, evaluative resonses.

Dual attitudes refer to having different, competing attitudes, one conscious

and the other in the nonconscious or automatic part of the mind.

People may not be aware of all their own attitudes.

Attitudes help deal with the complex social world. People need far more

attitudes than most animals.

Attitudes are tremendously helpful in making choices. Possessing an

attitude increases the ease, speed ,and quality of decision making.

Page 30: Social psychology

DO ATTITUDES REALLY PREDICT BEHAVIORS?

- Men’s general attitudes predict their sexual behavior much better than

women’s.

- Attitudes predict behavior best if any or all of the following conditions

are met:

- * Attitude measures are very specific.

- * Behaviors are aggregated across time and different situations.

- * Attitudes are consciously prominent and influence how the person

thinks about the choices he or she faces.

- Attitudes are highly accessible

Page 31: Social psychology

-

Page 32: Social psychology

TWO TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Page 33: Social psychology

PERSUASION

Page 34: Social psychology

WHAT IS PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR?

- It involves doing good for others or society; it builds relationships and

allows society to function

- Obeying rules, conforming to norms, cooperating and helping are all

forms of prosocial behavior.

- Public circumstances generally promote prosocial behavior. That is,

people behave better when others are watching and know who they are.

- Reciprocity is the obligation to return in kind what another has done for

us.

- Equity means that each person receives benefits in proportion to what

he or she did. Equality means that everyone gets the same amount,

regardless of performance.

Page 35: Social psychology
Page 36: Social psychology

DEFINITION

- An unfair feeling or dislike for a prson or group because of race, sex,

religion, etc.

- An irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, group, a

race, or their supposed characteristics.

- Is a negative feeling or attitude toward an individual based solely in his

or her membership in a particular group.

Page 37: Social psychology

COMMON PREJUDICE AND TARGETS

Page 38: Social psychology

WHY PREJUDICE EXIST

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Page 40: Social psychology

INNER CAUSES

OF AGRESSION -

the closer you

are to a goal, the

more frustrating

it is when

someone

interferes with

your progress.

OTHER

ANTISOCIAL

BEHAVIOR

- cheating,

stealing, and

littering

8. AGRESSION AND ANTI SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

Page 41: Social psychology

DEFINING AGRESSION AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR

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Page 43: Social psychology

STERNBERG (1986): LOVE THREE

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS

INTIMACY

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