Smart Grids - ABB

X JORNADAS TÉCNICAS - ABB EN CHILE, 11-12 ABRIL, 2017

Smart GridsFOCS solution with Digital Substation

Alessandro Motta| HV Instrument Transformers, Italy>

Introduction of FOCS

FOCS technical parameters

FOCS based applications

Summary

April 18, 2017 Slide 2

Agenda

Energy transmission networks are changing to digital for the following reasons

• Safety: digitizing all signals right at their source reduces the risk of electrical hazards

• Outage time reduction: faster installation due to through pre-tested process bussystems

• Cost effective maintenance: more supervision and diagnostics, reduced spare parts

• Lower requirements: reducing burden of CTs/VTs from cabling and minimizing No ofcircuits

• Faster project delivery: Reduce material (cabling)Reduced risk on cable engineering

• High degree of standardization: pre-engineered building blocks, e.g. panels, kiosks

• Easier handling of late changes as all communication is digital IEC61850

Today the IEC61850 Station bus has already replaced wiring and legacy protocols between baysby digital communication, while interfaces to field are hardwired point to point connectionsbetween primary and all secondary equipment

Tomorrow the IEC 61850 Process bus will extend to the switchyard the digital substationprinciple: acquire once, distribute on a bus



Digital substations

Ben

efit

sfo

rU

tilit

ies

Ben

efit

sfo

rEP

Cs

Station level– SAS600 series of Substation Automation Solutions with IEC

61850 station bus

Bay level– 670 series control and protection IEDs– REB500 Busbar protection system– IEC 61850 system engineering: IET600

IEC 61850 testing: ITT600 SA Explorer

Process level – NCITs– ABB NCITs for GIS, CP-MU merging unit for

ELK-CP14 and ELK-CP3 (current and voltage NCIT)– Hybrid modules with Motordrive (PASS MD1.4)– Fiber Optic Current Sensor FOCS-Free Standing

or integrated in DCB (current measuring NCIT)

Process level – stand-alone merging units– SAM600 modular process bus IO system

ABB portfolio for process bus applications – Overview



IEC 61850 station bus

IEC 61850 process bus

Remote control

The standard: IEC 61850-9-2

– Standard for communication networks and systemsin substations, part 9-2: “Specific CommunicationService Mapping (SCSM) - Sampled values overISO/IEC 8802-3”

– The standard is very broad, leaving wide room forinterpretation, which complicates interoperability

Implementation Guideline for digital Interface toinstrument transformers using IEC 61850-9-2

– To facilitate implementation and enableinteroperability, the UCA International Users Groupcreated a guideline that defines an application profileof IEC 61850-9-2

– Commonly referred to as IEC 61850-9-2LE for “lightedition”

IEC 61850-9-2 standard and implementation guideline



Area StandardIEC 61850-9-2

Implementation guidelineIEC 61850-9-2LE

Sampling rateof analogvalues

Free parameter

80 samples per period forprotection and metering

256 samples per periodfor power quality

Content ofdataset Configurable

3 phases current + neutralcurrent values and quality

3 phases voltage + neutralvoltage values and quality

Time sync Not defined Optical pulse per second(1PPS)

– Fiber Optic Current Sensor is a high-voltage digital NCIT for measurement of AC and DC currents

– Utilizes measurement of phase shift between two circularly polarized light waves in an optical fiber

– Sensor head contains only passive fiber-optic elements, is small, flexible and easy adaptable todifferent applications

– Optoelectronic data-processing unit has only two interfaces:

• Optical Ethernet outputs for measured current signals (IEC61850-9-2LE)

• Optical 1PPS input for synchronization signal

– One sensor head can cover broad current range (up to hundreds of kA) and is applicable forprotection as well as for metering

– Broad frequency bandwidth from 0Hz (DC) till 13th or 41st harmonic

What is FOCS?



1986

ABB first Faraday based opticalcurrent sensing using glass ring andanalog output (MOCT)

200

3FOCS technology-high performancegyro module with reflective coil (ABB

patent), plus fiber in capillaryconcept to enables 0.1% accuracy 20

04

EOVT optical voltage sensorintroducedenables 0.1% accuracy

200

5 DC FOCS for industrialapplications introducedto the market. 20

10

First pilot of 420 kV LTB with AC FOCS(3-phase, redundant)

2011 800kV EOVT introduced

for front of wavedetection 20

14

Stand alone application FOCS-FS

2015 Sensor Slipover design

application FOCS-RING

ABB PIONEERING SPIRIT WITH NCIT SENSORS

Operating Principle of Optical Current Sensor



Michael Faradayca. 1842

§ Faraday Effect: Left and right circular light waves travel at different speeds throughoptical material if magnetic field is present

§ Primary current produces magnetic field which induces a phase shift DFR of circularlypolarized light

§ Optical phase shift is proportional to any instantaneous value of primary current

André-Marie Ampère

=

3-phase configuration



Optoelectronic data-processing unit FOCS sensor heads

Birefringent phasemodulators

Source

Photodiodes

Signalprocessing

Fiberpolarizers

IEC61850-9-2

3x3coupler

1x2couplers

1310 nm fiberretarder

1310 nmsensing fiber

PM fiberconnector

Currentconductor

Phase R

Currentconductor

Phase Y

Currentconductor

Phase B

FOCS local control cubicle – Typical configuration



Main 1 System:Metering FOCS andSAM600 system

Main 2 System:Protection FOCS andSAM600 system

Redundant DC supplyfor FOCS boxes andSAM600 modules

AC supply forpanel heating




Summary


Agenda

FOCS Performances



10 100

10

100

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

Sign

al(k

A)

Current (kA)

Relative

error(%)

±0.1%Fiber coil

±0.1 %

I = const

Conductor

-20 0 20 40 60 800.992

0.996

1.000

1.004

1.008Constant current

Sign

al(n

orm

aliz

ed)

Coil temperature (°C)

experimenttheory

±0.1%

Very good accuracy,superior linearity after

data processing

Insensitivity againststray fields and

conductor position

Inherent temperaturecompensation

Sensor accuracy could bewithin 0.1% over DT = 120°C

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.998

0.999

1.000

1.001

1.002

Sig

nal(

norm

aliz

ed)

Conductor position

• Linearity

• Accuracy (Temp.)

• Noise level

IEC class 0.2s fulfilledfor outdoor

temperature range(with the same

sensor head is 5TPEprotection class

fulfilled too)

Accuracy and Precision of digital CTs



General technical parameters FOCS G2 kit (1/2)



Main system specifications and technical performance dataRated primary current (Ipr) 0.4…5 kARated short-time thermal current (Ith) 63 kARated dynamic current (Idyn) 164 kARated extended primary current factor (Kpcr) 1.2Rated sym. short-circuit-current factor fortransient performance (Kssc)

12.6 … 157.5

Rated primary time constant (τpr) n/aRated phase offset (ϕ0r) 0o

Accuracy class:Protection and transient protection 5P/5TPEMeasuring*) IEC class 0.2 S

Operating Temperature Range:Sensor Head -40oC … +85oCOptical Cable -40oC … +70oCElectronics -25oC … +65oC

General technical parameters FOCS G2 kit (2/2)



Merging UnitOutput IEC61850-9-2LEDelay time <400 μsData rate 80 or 256 samples per current periodClock input 1PPS, opticalRated frequency 50 / 60 HzType of connector ST / BFOCType of fiber 62.5/125 μm

Auxiliary power supply

Rated auxiliary power supply voltage85-375 VDC85-264 VAC

Maximum supply current (Ia max) 1050 mAElectrical output values 24 V DC, 80W min.Output cable 2 cables, length 1.7 meter each

(Remark: The FOCS redundant kit is supplied with two TRACO TEX 120-124 120W power supplies.)




Summary


Agenda

ABB’s Redundant FOCS-kit

DCB/LTB with integrated FOCSFOCS slip-over FOCS – FS (Free Standing)

OverviewFOCS based applications


― As a conventional bushing current transformer, it canfit any new or existing dead tank breaker (DTB, PASSor power transformer)

― Lightweight sensor (approx. 10 kg) easily slips downover bushing

― Kiosk for the Opto-electronic (OE) Module(s) can belocated in the yard (30m) or in control room panel (40-60-80-100m)

― Sensor is shipped with polarization maintaining fiber(armored) which can be pulled through trench, with orwithout inner duct

FOCS based applicationsFOCS Slip-over Type


FOCS Free Standing



FOCS-FS is a free-standing 3-phase sensor system for 245 kV to 800 kVhigh voltage substations

One system consists in:

• #3 HV columns, each one provided with one sensor head (SH), whichcontains two fiber coils in order to enable redundancy on thesystem level

• #1 outdoor kiosk equipped, for a redundant solution, with twoopto-electronic (OE) modules

FOCS Free Standing



Mechanical design details:

• Head: Aluminum casting design covers all voltage ratings and all currents ratings.Design allows installation of second optical sensor head to provide doubleredundancy level for the system.

• Primary terminals: Interchangeable, as per customer specifications and applicableStandards. Possibility to have contactless application (no HV primary terminals).Contacts are aluminum cased and contain two pass-through holes that allowperiodical calibration (if requested) without necessity to disconnect the maincontacts.

• Insulator: Based on hollow polymer insulator technology. Product family utilizes theinsulators of the same diameter, filled with nitrogen on slightly positive pressure.

• Base: Aluminum casting base is designed for the whole product family (245-800 kV).Optical fibers are embedded and segregated in the base area during transport anderection.

• Outdoor kiosk: stainless steel cabinet, IP 65 and EMC immune

FOCS Free Standing



Parameters [unit] FOCS-FS 245 FOCS-FS 420 FOCS-FS 550 FOCS-FS 800

Rated frequency [Hz]Highest voltage for equipment [kVr.m.s.] 245 420 550 800Rated power-frequency withstand voltage [60 s] [kVr.m.s.] 460 630 680 975Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage [1,2/50 µs] [kVpeak] 1050 1425 1550 2100Rated switching impulse withstand voltage [250/2500 µs] [kVpeak] N/A 1050 1175 1550

Rated primary current [A]Max continuous thermal current [A]

Rated short circuit current (1 s / 3 s) [kA]

Rated dynamic current [kA]

Material - Color N/AMin nominal specific creepage distance(as per IEC61869-1 table 6)

mm/kV

Min flashover distance mm 2040 3580 4390 6440

Static withstand loads N Class II: 4000 as per customerspecifications

Insulation fluid N/AFilling absolute pressure MPa

Protection accuracy N/A

Metering accuracy N/A

Digital output N/A

System Voltage

Current ratings

Insulator

Accuracy

2000 ÷ 4000

50 / 60

N2

63 / 40

164

≈ ambient pressure

composite - grey31

(Pollution level 4 - Very Heavy)

Class II: 5000

4800

IEC Class 5P, 5TPEIEEE 10%

IEC class 0.2s (for rated primary current ≥ 400 A)IEEE class 0.15s (for rated primary current ≥ 400 A)

InterfacesDigital output (IEC 61850 9-2 LE)

Optical ethernet cable: Duplex MM 62.5/125 with ST connectorOptical 1PPS cable: Duplex (or Simplex) MM 62.5/125 with ST connector

FOCS Free Standing



Parameters [unit] FOCS-FS 245 FOCS-FS 420 FOCS-FS 550 FOCS-FS 800

Redundancy of electronics N/AMerging unit for VT signals N/ARedundancy of power supply N/A

Outdoor equipment operating temperature (shade) [°C]Relative humidity %Altitude above sea level [m]Air pollution [IEC 60815] N/A

Corrosive environment [ISO 12944-2] N/A

Solar radiation [W/m 2̂]Ice load mmSeismic level gControl cabinet degree of protection [IEC 60529] N/A

HV Column height (one phase) [mm] 2716 4256 5066 7116HV Column net weight (one phase) [kg] 172 240 276 363HV Column shipping weight (three phases in one box) [kg] 766 1097 1268 1689HV Column shipping dimensions (three phases in one box) [mm] 1200 x 3100 x 1200 1200 x 4600 x 1200 1200 x 5500 x 1200 1200 x 7500 x 1200HV Column fixing points on pedestal N/A

Control Cabinet dimensions (width x height x depth) [mm]

Control Cabinet net weight [kg]

Control Cabinet shipping dimensions [mm]

Control Cabinet shipping weight [kg]

Available on request

120 (non redundant opto-electronics with merging unit)150 (redundant opto-electronics with merging units)

Available on request

OptionsAvailable on request

Dimensions and weights

800 x 1000 x 300 (non redundant system)1000 x 1200 x 300 (redundant system)

0,5

Environmental conditions[-40; +45]

C3 ÷ C5(Medium ÷ Very high)

1200 x 1400 x 650 (non redundant system)1000 x 1200 x 300 (redundant system)

165 (non redundant opto-electronics with merging unit)210 (redundant opto-electronics with merging units)

≤1000100

≤1000

IP 65

20

#4 holes ø22 at 480 x 480 mm

Very Heavy

FOCS Free Standing



height 1,80 m

weight 80 kg

height 2,72 m

weight 158 kg

height 3,23 m

weight 480 kg

height 1,80 m

weight 80 kg

height 7,12 m

weight 355 kg

height 8,05 m

weight 2.100 kg

245 kV 800 kV

DCB with FOCS – DCB/LTB Integration Concept



DCB with FOCS – DCB/LTB Integration Concept



DCB with FOCS provides integrated breaking (anddisconnecting) and current measurement functions in oneapparatus

– Improved safety.

– Less HV stressed components.

– More compact solution, less space required.

– Less complex substation engineering.

– Less material needed.

DCB with FOCS – Advantages



FOCS sensor headintegrated in DCB

With disconnecting circuit breakers a complete bay, CB, CT, DS,ES can be realized with one compact assembly

DCB with FOCS

Conventional AIS


NR

1x

SR

2x

DR

4x

Level of redundancy can be specified, simply realized bycombiningdifferent number of components (opto-electronics unitsand sensor head)

– “non-redundant” (NR) configuration - 1xSC+3xPC

– “single redundant” (SR) configuration – 2xSC+3xPC

– “double redundant” (DR) configuration - 4xSC+6xPC


System architecture variants

1x 1x 2x

NR-M

1x

SR-M

2x

DR-M

4x

1x 1x 2x

+ + +

Variants optionally combinable with SAM600 standalonemerging units (digitalize analog signals from conventionalVTs, synchronization, consolidated digital output stream(IEC61850-9-2 LE protocol) with current and voltage)


Monitor supports diagnostics-Configurability― PC Software supplied to communicate with OE Module

― Ethernet physical connection – Secure

― Functions:• Visual display of current values and waveforms

• Diagnostics – Check status of any alarms or issue,

• Configure FOCS – rescaling /polarity/quality bit /PPS

― Included with every FOCS

FOCS monitor software


FOCS technology enabling digital substations

Summary


FOCS-kit & technologyIn addition for…

FOCS-FS and FOCS Slip over DCB with FOCS

Enables smart grids and digital substations – process bus,interoperable with all 9-2LE devices

Eco-efficient - Minimal environmental impact(no oil or SF6)

Reduced substation footprint - zero-footprint digital CT functionality

Accurate - fast AC/DC measurement without saturation Compact - low weight and size Economical - lower S/S costs

Universal - protection, measurement and revenue metering in onedevice, AC and DC capability

Adaptable - various installation variants(terminal pads, contactless)

Reliable - simple architecture, different levels of redundancy,robust design with self-diagnosis/alarming

Service friendly - erection optimized design, lowinstallation and commissioning costs

Robust – easy and fast installation and commissioning, less proneto failures

Low weight - ideal for areas with highearthquake risk

Safe – no explosion, no electrocution Maintenance free - e.g. no oil sampling

Versatile - designs with add-on capability possible(slip-over exists, later also wrap-around and bolt-on)

Simplified engineering – U and I to be definedonly

Plug&Play - exchangeable and hot-swappable MU

General - adaptable to different applications

Future ready - opens perspectives for future digital substationsand P&C methods

Smart Grids - ABB

Documents