Smart Cities Saudi Arabia - Siemens Saudi Arabia Website · Smart Cities Saudi Arabia November 2016 November 2016 Smart Cities Saudi Arabia Introduction The ... population that has

November 2016

Smart Cities Saudi ArabiaA pathway to achieving Vision 2030

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November 2016 | Smart Cities Saudi Arabia

Cities will be at the heart of achieving the government’s Vision 2030.

Introduction 4 – 5

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 6 – 7

Prime Governorates 8 – 9

The Capital City 10 – 17

Riyadh

Hijaz Region 18 – 37

Jeddah

Makkah

Madinah

Eastern Province 38 – 47

Dammam

Khobar

Jubail

An electrified, connected Kingdom 48 – 57

Cities; the pathway to a smart Kingdom 58 – 59

Smart city technologies 60 – 67

Vision 2030 pillars and supporting commitments and targets 68 – 73

Contents

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Smart Cities Saudi Arabia | November 2016 November 2016 | Smart Cities Saudi Arabia

Introduction

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a pioneering and successful nation with a clear vision of its future. By setting ambitious yet achievable plans for the future, Saudi Arabia has every opportunity to be home to cities that rank in the top 100 cities in the world.

Cities will be at the heart of achieving the government’s vision of a smart Saudi Arabia in 2030. In order to maximize their impact a coordinated strategy for key population centers should be developed, with measures clearly linked back to the delivery of the goals of Vision 2030.

By 2050 66 percent of the global population will live in cities and urban centers. Yet Saudi Arabia is already well ahead of that trend. Growing from communities that formed around water, springs and oasis, with strong family units that lived under one roof, Saudi Arabia is already today an urban nation with 82 percent of citizens living in cities. City living brings with it many efficiencies in both the provision of services and infrastructure and in the consumption of resources.

As the rest of the World continues to urbanize rapidly, Saudi Arabian cities will face increasing competition from other global centers, competing for investment, business and skilled labor. It is within this context that Saudi Arabia must make their cities function even more efficiently.

But smart cities must also be attractive places to live and work. A good quality of life is essential to making them attractive prospects for investment and for securing and retaining talent. Ensuring that citizens not only have access to economic opportunities but also healthy, green, vibrant and safe environments to live and work will be central to achieving this. Tackling man-made sources of air pollution and reducing congestion will be key themes to resolve.

Cities will play both a direct and an indirect role in achieving the Vision 2030. Either directly through their role in dealing with growing numbers of Hajj and Umrah visitors or through the implementation of distributed renewable energy systems, for example. Or indirectly by creating modern, efficient centers which are attractive to investment and business development. Planning for compact models of growth in cities where land is more

effectively utilized will lead to more efficient systems and reduced costs of infrastructure with knock on benefits to the economy. Yet cities do not function in isolation. As important as the measures taken within the cities are the projects and programs that are put in place to connect them with each other.

Electrification backed by advances in automation and digitalization, will deliver smart solutions across multiple sectors. With the implementation of new and advanced technology comes the opportunity to drive new revenue streams or capture existing ones more effectively, whilst driving down operational costs, key themes for the Kingdom as it looks to diversify its sources of funding.

Saudi Arabia’s smart urban ambitions reflect a multitude of challenges, from energy efficiency to ensuring a sustainable water supply; providing mobility concepts that work for all and recreation with entertainment that enables healthy lifestyles and wellbeing. There are supporting structures of governance, metering and payment that need to support these ambitions. As well as providing economic models that give investors confidence that Saudi Arabia is a safe place in which to invest.

The nation holds strong investment opportunities, which will help stimulate and diversify the economy.

All of the above exists in a culture of strength and a history that defines the nation. The Kingdom is the Land of the Two Holy Mosques, the most sacred Islamic sites on Earth, and home to the Kaaba to which more than a billion Muslims turn at prayer. With the Umrah pilgrimage set to grow from 8 million to 30 million over the next 15 years and the even more intensive peak period during the Hajj increasing from 1.5 million now to 2.5 million by 2020. Such a strong historical and cultural legacy lends weight to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s determination to reinforce and diversify the capabilities of their economy.

Saudi Arabia today

Electricity consumption growth per year

A Population of 31 Million People, 82% living in Cities

36% Foreign Nationals

29% under the age of 15

GDP

653bnUSD

GDP per head

Per 1,000 people

Total Energy Consumption

Electricity consumption

Electricity from gas the remainder from fuel oil and diesel

Electricity consumed by buildings mainly for air conditioning

Government spending on Health

Government spending on Education

20kUSD

353 cars

187mTOE

290TWh

43%

80%

12%

23%

7.5%

6 7


The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 sets out clear objectives to transform Saudi Arabia over the next 14 years. The National Transformation Program sets out deliverables for government departments and agencies up to 2020 in line with the vision.

The vision sets out three pillars that represent the competitive advantages of Saudi Arabia. They are:

1. A vibrant society

The first pillar focuses on the country’s culture and its people. This provides the baseline for economic prosperity. Saudi society is based on accordance with the Islamic principle of moderation. Within this context Saudis are proud of their national and cultural heritage, enjoying their environment and with family placed firmly at the center but supported by an empowering social and healthcare system.

2. A thriving economy

The second pillar focuses on the economy and business environment. It ensures opportunities for everyone and

education that is aligned to market requirements. It supports entrepreneurs, enterprises at all scales and large companies. It looks to improve quality and ensure that investments unlock potential growth in a diversified economy. These measures, plus the Kingdom’s location connecting the three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, can enable the attraction of talent and international investment.

3. An ambitious nation

The final pillar of Vision 2030 focuses on creating an efficient and well governed society, where responsibility is taken by those at all levels. Accountability, transparency and effectiveness in governance are essential to creating the right conditions for a thriving economy. The government aims to create the conditions where citizens, the private and not for profit sectors can take the initiative in creating the future Saudi Arabia.

A summary of the three pillars and key targets identified both within the plan and in the National Transformation Plan are set out in Appendix 1.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030

With a rich heritage in Saudi Arabia of nearly 90 years, Siemens employs around 2,000 people and has been providing innovative solutions to develop the country’s infrastructure and contribute to societal development. Pioneering across the fields of power generation, transmission and distribution, transportation systems, industrial and building technologies and healthcare, Siemens is committed to delivering on the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, together with its long-term partner E.A.Juffali and Bros.Co. The company has offices in the eastern, western and central regions with sales, service, manufacturing and project management capabilities. The Siemens Dammam Energy Hub, based in the eastern province, is the first gas turbine plant in Saudi Arabia and the largest in the Middle East. The plant represents a key milestone in Siemens` continuous commitment to localization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The facility has been instrumental in the transfer of technological expertise and the development of local Saudi talent. In May 2016, the plant produced its first “Made in KSA” gas turbine that was built by Saudi talent, in Saudi Arabia, for Saudi Arabia.

Our approach

This report sets out our views on key opportunities that can be grasped to deliver Vision 2030. It does this in three ways:

1. Aligns opportunities and technologies to the national priorities and targets set out in Vision 2030 and the National Transformation Program.

2. Explores some of the specific challenges and technology opportunities within key cities.

3. Identifies the connections and technology opportunities between cities and governorates of the Kingdom.

‘My first objective is for our country to be a pioneering and successful model of excellence’

King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

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This report will focus on the prime governorates and the major cities within them, all of which face significant but different challenges to becoming smart cities, but equally have the capacity to become world leaders.

The prime governorates we look at in detail are:

¡ The Capital City

¡ The Hijaz Coast

¡ The Eastern Province

The prime governorates this strategy focuses on are the capital city region of Riyadh. The second region combines the provinces of Makkah and Madinah and includes Jeddah, Makkah, Madinah and Taif, with much of the regions focus around pilgrimage to the holy sites. It also includes the industrial city of Yanbu. Finally, the Eastern province which facilitates much of the country’s petrochemical industry and focusing on Dammam, the coastal port and regional capital and its surrounding cities of Khobhar and Dhahran, and also the industrial city Jubail to the north.

Saudi Arabia, has a number of stakeholders with a role to play in making Saudi Arabian cities smart. Governors, mayors, government ministries, development authorities and state-owned corporations will all play an important part. At times each of these stakeholders hold overlapping responsibilities and jurisdictions in Saudi cities. For example the Ministry of the Hajj and Umrah has a great deal of responsibility and power related to western coast cities

such as Jeddah, Makkah and Madinah. Other cities such as Yanbu and Jubail have developed following the establishment of Royal Commissions. The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY), was established almost 40 years ago for the purpose of creating major industrial hubs around oil. The RCJY along with Ras al-Khair are now the driving force behind plans to diversify the city economies in those two cities.

Cities sit within regions and in most cases have a mayor. Regions are further divided into 118 governorates. The governorates include 13 regional capitals, which have a different status as municipalities. Mayors have been provided with a mandate to develop local municipal development authorities. The capital city Riyadh already has the Arriyadh Development Authority (ADA), whilst Jeddah is expanding the remit of the Jeddah Metro Company into a full development authority. Other cities have only nascent plans at this stage.

Prime governorates

eMobility eTechnology

eGovernance

Ambitious

Vibrant

Thriving

Smart Cities Saudi Arabia

Riyadh

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Riyadh is the largest city in the Arabian Peninsula, with a population that has grown from almost one million in 1980 to just over six million at present. It is forecast to reach 8.2 million in 2029.

The King Abdullah Financial District, the City of Communication and Information Technology, and other centers are all emerging, helping to provide growth and development opportunities in the city.

The King Khaled International Airport Development Project will considerably expand passenger and airfreight capacity. National and regional projects to develop rail and road networks are aimed at improving transport connectivity with Riyadh at the center.

The Capital City

Riyadh Key Statistics

Population density4,000/km2

Greater Riyadh population

Riyadh population

9,000,000

6,100,000

Province

Riyadh

Environment

Road Safety

MetroAmbitious

Vibrant

Thriving

Riyadh

eMobility

Area1,798km2

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Key Challenges

Air pollution

Air pollution is an environmental and health issue. Riyadh records the highest levels of atmospheric particulate matter, known as PM

10 and PM

2.5 amongst cities of high

income countries within the region. In 2014 Riyadh recorded annual mean concentration levels of 368ug/m3 of PM

10 and 156ug/m3 of PM

2.5.

The geography and climate of Riyadh, results in significant levels of particulates from natural sources. However a very significant contribution comes from controllable sources such as transportation and industry. This impacts the

quality of life, particularly towards the industrial south and center. Given the high natural baseline, it becomes even more important to tackle controllable sources of pollution. A study by Riyadh University, looking at two sites over 19 months concluded that over half of PM

10 at a central Riyadh

location came from controllable sources of pollution.

The health and environmental costs of poor air quality are considerable. In London exposure to controllable sources of PM

2.5 (ranging between annual concentrations of 12.9 to

17.9μg m3) at sites across the city led to the loss of an estimated 52,630 cumulative life years and 3,537 equivalent deaths. The costs to the economy of poor air quality were estimated to be between 6.4 billion and 16.8 billion SAR.

Road safety

The city of Riyadh covers a sprawling area and is one of the least dense cities in the Kingdom. Combined with high rates of car ownership this leads to a level of traffic congestion that has a significant impact on quality of life and the economy. In addition to congestion, there is significant social impact from the rate of road traffic accidents that come with congested streets. Globally road traffic accidents are the main cause of death for the age group 15-29. The chart shows that compared with 171 nations reporting statistics, Saudi Arabia has the 24th worst death rate per 100,000 people. It also reports the worst rate for any high income nation and the highest in G20 countries.

Saudi Arabia’s absolute road traffic deaths and road traffic deaths per 100,000 people compare unfavorably with other high income nations in the Middle East. The total number of deaths, 7,898, is higher than all other high income Middle East countries combined. The death rate per 100,000 people, at 27.4 is also the highest. By comparison road traffic deaths in the UK and Germany are 2.9 and 4.3 per 100,000 respectively.

Annual mean concentrations of PM10

and PM2.5

of high income countries in Middle East Estimated road traffic death rates per 100,000 population by country

Estimated total road traffic deaths and road traffic deaths per 100,000 population in selected countries

400

350

300

Madinah JeddahMakkah

Yenbu

Dammam

JubailRiyadh

250

200

150

100

50

00 20 40 60

PM2.5 annual mean µg/m3

PM10

an

nu

al m

ean

µg

/m3

80 100 120 140 160 180

Saudi Arabia

Kuwait

Jordan

Qatar

UAE

0

10

20

Saudi Arabia30

40

50

60

70

80

Ro

ad t

raff

ic d

eat

hs

pe

r 10

0,0

00

po

pu

lati

on

Countries

00 5 10 15 20 25 30

1,000

2,000

Germany

UK

UAEQatar Kuwait

Jordan

Saudi Arabia

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Est

imat

ed

nu

mb

er

of

traf

fic

de

ath

s

Estimated road traffic death rate (per 100,000 population)Source: WHO Ambient Air Pollution Database

Source: WHO

Source: WHO

14 15


Developing Riyadh

The Arriyadh Development Authority (ADA) present in Riyadh does not focus on specific areas or sectors. Rather it embraces a wide and comprehensive range of projects and needs. The major responsibility of the Authority is to set up comprehensive plans for the city and establish basic programs for implementation, coordination and construction of projects.

The King Abdulaziz Metro Project

A flagship program for ADA is the The King Abdulaziz Metro. This live public transport project is currently the largest of its kind and will provide a network of metro and bus services in the capital. The supervisory committee responsible for implementation of the project has awarded the metro project to several consortia due to the scale and complexity.

The metro train network constitutes the backbone of the public transport system. Six main lines with a total length of 175km are under construction. The bus network is the main feeder tributary for the metro network and represents a major transport means for passengers in the neighborhoods of the city’s quarters.

Siemens is equipping Lines 1 and 2 with Inspiro metro trains, the electrification and the signaling and communication systems for driverless operation, totaling around 6.2 billion

SAR in project costs. The signaling and train control technology ensures that during rush-hour periods, trains can operate at 90-second intervals, an operating frequency that enables the system to handle 21,000 passengers per hour. The electrical energy generated by the trains when the brakes are applied will be fed back into the metro system's power supply and thus made available for all other electrical loads, increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

Tackling air pollution and making roads safer

The Middle East has been known to be the region with the strongest demand for intelligent transport solutions. With 574 billion SAR already having been earmarked for mobility optimization over the next ten years.

The growth in demand in Saudi Arabia for fast, safe, efficient public transport systems has come as the role mobility plays in quality of life has become more recognized. Along with this the operational economies and capital investment over an extended period of time can be seen as part of the diversification process. Energy usage and environmental impact are clearly related, and modern high power traction and braking systems combined with network and signaling efficiencies support the success and acceptance of these new mobility solutions.

Still, despite the scale of public transport systems, Saudi cities

will continue to depend on road networks that will likely continue to see growth in traffic with associated impacts on congestion, air quality and traffic safety. As already noted the Saudi car market is the 15th largest market globally and continuing to grow.

Intelligent traffic information and guidance systems are capable of achieving significant success in mediating this growth and improving road safety. Vehicle-to-X (V2X) systems bring road monitoring cameras and sensors, road vehicles themselves, and user’s smartphones into an ecosystem that allows communication between all. Vehicles can pass along messages regarding road conditions and traffic flow to a central control. Vehicles receive signals from intelligent road signs, themselves monitoring the road environment and feeding into the system. The V2X system is operated from an integrated traffic control center.

Germany’s A9 highway with a V2X system has seen 35 percent fewer accidents and 31 percent fewer people injured on the road since the introduction of the system. As the technology advances and becomes ubiquitous, cities that embrace these opportunities to support their road networks will find themselves at a significant advantage. Riyadh has the potential to do this better than anywhere else.

In congested cities such as Riyadh, traffic control and information is central to keeping the city moving, reducing local air pollution, reducing fuel consumption and improving

traffic safety. Cities want to provide free flowing traffic in typical conditions, peak hours and during unpredictable events. Real-time mobility information is critical to achieving this ambition. Siemens traffic control centers enable the collection and processing of data from multiple sources across the city. Assessments such as peak hour management, traffic flow diagrams and load profiles are provided via the Siemens sitraffic statistics module. This enables the city to develop future sustainable mobility concepts. Infra-red based traffic detection sensors powered by solar panels send data to the traffic control center via mobile data networks. Data is managed through an integrated platform covering all requirements from traffic control to higher level traffic management.

In the case of Berlin, Siemens Traffic Control Center integrates information from all transport modes and operators. This enables citizens and administrative bodies to obtain real-time multi-modal information, using the city’s traffic information center and traffic map. The system provides a traffic forecast for the next 15–30 minutes by using a traffic simulation program. The calculation of the current and forecasted traffic situation is updated in cycles of five to 15 minutes. Traffic is similarly forecasted, including for the floating car data (FCD) from navigation systems, the different detection systems and various other sources like agencies, police reports.

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New approaches can reduce congestion and bring new sources of revenue

As much as one third of inner city traffic can be caused by drivers searching for parking spaces. By introducing integrated smart parking solutions, drivers can be guided to the nearest available parking space using real-time data gathered from over-head sensors located on the streets.Siemens approach is a camera-free overhead radar technology that offers a number of advantages. It copes better with changing light and weather conditions than other approaches and the high availability of the hardware has been demonstrated in many traffic management applications. The open, scalable system currently stands alone in offering 100 percent coverage of any given area. And the ability to pair this software with additional smart city apps makes it the perfect modular solution for the increasingly smart demands facing today’s cities. Furthermore, the unique detection technology supports additional use cases, meaning that parking, traffic management, and safety are just the beginning of what can be done.

Road Tolling

Demand management, tolling and congestion charging schemes provide benefits to operators and users alike by controlling traffic, reducing congestion, reducing air pollution and helping to lower driving costs. In doing so, they enable the guidance of traffic to lower density routes and ensure mobility in congested areas. They can also be an effective mechanism for generating revenue and improving public transportation. In the case of the London congestion charge, a government law required any revenue raised from the charge to be reinvested into London’s public transport. During the first ten years of the scheme more than 5.5 billion SAR of revenue from the charge has been re-invested.

Integrated smart parking – the benefits

1. Reduced congestion and air pollution

¡ By guiding drivers to free spots without cruising

¡ By creating multimodal transparency

¡ By effectively setting and enforcing parking prices and regulations

2. Increases safety

¡ With efficient enforcement of illegal parking activities

3. Better resource use

¡ By making best use of all available parking spots

¡ By ensuring e-charging infrastructure is not blocked by combustion cars

4. Improved revenue generation

¡ By making real-time info on violations accessible to enforcement personnel

¡ By introducing automated to-the-minute billing allowing for convenient cashless parking

Siemens provides complete demand management systems including installation, operation, maintenance and service of roadside and back-office equipment. Siemens tolling and road user charging technologies support a range of different schemes including ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) cameras, DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) and satellite-based options, with the company capable of offering be-spoke solutions tailored to individual requirements.

Congestion charging – the benefits

The congestion charge scheme in London has brought the following real benefits:

1. Reduced congestion and uptake of public transport

¡ 21% reduction in congestion within the original charging zone comparing to pre-charge levels (70,000 fewer cars a day)

¡ 6% increase in bus passengers during charging hours

¡ 12% increase in cycle journeys

2. Air pollution improvements and greenhouse gas reduction

¡ NOx reduced by 2.5%

¡ PM10

reduced by 4.2%

¡ CO2 reduced by 6.5%

3. Revenue generation and investment in better public transport

¡ The scheme has generated 5.5 billion SAR in the first 10 years (after capital and operating costs)

¡ Revenues have been reinvested into improving London transport, including 4.4 billion SAR on improvements to the bus network, 464m SAR on roads and bridges, 319m SAR on road safety, 232m SAR on local transport/borough plans and 163m SAR on sustainable transport

Siemens operates the detection and enforcement Infrastructure, including the supply of equipment, systems and services for London’s Low Emission Zone (LEZ) and Congestion Charging schemes.

An alternative system is the fast lane tolling system. On highways a reserved toll lane can be introduced. The toll paid by motorists is based on the density of the traffic on both the highway and the fast lane. By taking account of both the system aims to keep the traffic flowing and systematically avoid congestion. This approach has benefits of reducing fuel consumption and reducing vehicle emissions. Fast lane users are detected using video-based license plate recognition, the dynamic toll is charged to the minute with the exact amount indicated on variable message signs. Siemens supplies the complete traffic management system, which includes the hardware and software for vehicle license plate recognition, traffic data acquisition and the control of the dynamic message signs as well as the algorithm that analyzes the traffic situation and calculates the toll fee.

Tackling road safety and air pollution are key challenges for Riyadh. Tackling them will deliver important improvements to the quality of life of Riyadh’s citizens. They also offer opportunities to diversify sources of income for the government, whilst creating a less congested city, more attractive to business and citizens alike.

Haramain High Speed railway

Route of Haramain High Speed railway

MakkahJeddah

Medinah

Red Sea

King Abdlaziz Int'l. airport

King Abdullah Economic city

Madinah

Madinah, home to the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) which contains Prophet Muhammad's (pbuh) tomb, is seeing a major expansion of both the mosque and the city’s airport, all to account for the growth in Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. Whilst not an official part of the Hajj, Madinah’s cultural importance is significant. With products manufactured in the city holding additional value both within the Kingdom and abroad.

As with Riyadh and Jeddah, mobility is being addressed with new public transport networks. With three metro lines planned following a route of 95km, including 25 km of tunnels and 48km of elevated track due for completion in 2020.

The AlMadinah AlMunawwarah Development Authority (MMDA) is a new authority to support industrial SMEs and a knowledge economy in Madinah. As well as supporting the development of public transport. The opportunity for Madinah is seen to be its cultural capital. Both manufacturing and service economies, in relation to the Hajj and Umrah, are establishing a base in Madinah. Ensuring high quality transportation hubs will be key to building on this.

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The Hijaz region of Saudi Arabia is the most densely populated part of the nation. With this, it will soon be home to the most significant piece of transport infrastructure in the Kingdom; The 450km long Haramain High Speed railway, opening in 2018. Following the pilgrimage route between Madinah and Makkah, it joins up and provides a corridor including the coastal city of Jeddah, with its 30 million passengers from King Abdulaziz international airport, and the King Abdullah Economic City.

Jeddah

Jeddah’s place as the most populous city in the region is a result of its history as the most important port on Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coast. Today it maintains its position of importance, handling the majority of Saudi Arabia's commercial freight shipping.

What will characterize Jeddah going forward is its ambition. Building on a growing financial and tourism focus, the growth in pilgrims and need for diversification is accelerating the

change. With construction of the world’s tallest tower well underway on the city’s coast. This is all possible as Jeddah holds the position as the gateway to the Hajj for the vast majority of pilgrims that travel from abroad. It is positively seeking to build on the capacity that the airport and rail connections provide. However that is not without significant challenges.

Like Riyadh, Jeddah suffers from road congestion and polluted streets. Whilst the coordination of basic services remain missing and environmental risks, such as flooding have been prevalent.

The Jeddah Development and Urban Regeneration Company (JDURC) is a similarly mandated organization to ADA, but is far more integrated with Jeddah Metro, which already has oversight of integrated transport planning. Here, like in Riyadh a significant program of development is underway. With three metro lines along 152km of track, a 93km commuter rail line around the edge of the city, a waterfront tramway running for 48km along the Red Sea coast and a new smart card ticketing system, all planned for 2022.

The Hijaz Region

Jeddah

Makkah

Madinah

eGovernance

Smart ports

Smart airports

Smart buildings

Ambitious

Vibrant

Thriving

Hijaz

eMobility

Security

Jeddah Key Statistics


Jeddah population3,900,000

ProvinceMakkah

Area1,600km2

Madinah Key Statistics


Madinah population1,200,000

ProvinceMadinah

Area589km2

20 21


Makkah

Makkah is defined by pilgrimage. As the home to the Kaaba, much of the city is built around servicing pilgrims of both the Umrah across the year and the annual Hajj occurring over one week. With the Hajj alone attracting up to 2 - 3 million pilgrims each year, Saudi Arabia is planning to release 13.75m visas per year for pilgrims by 2020. This creates a demand on urban infrastructure and public order unlike anywhere else in the world, as Hajj pilgrims follow strict timetables to carry out religious ceremonies and prayers across the city. The movement of people is unprecedented and the growth of visitors has led to extensive reconstruction of the city over recent decades, leaving it in a state of constant reconstruction. With both massive hotels consisting of thousands of rooms, and equally massive infrastructure of motorways and pedestrian tunnels being constructed. The Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro is the single metro line that supports the flow of migrants and finds itself overwhelmed during the Hajj. With pilgrims waiting for hours at stations, four more lines are now planned.

The date of Hajj is determined by the Islamic calendar (known

as Hijri calendar or AH), which is based on the lunar year. As such, the date of the Hajj moves forward by 11 days and over coming years will be moving from September into August. This means that the event will be occurring during the hottest months of the year, increasing the risk to pilgrims and straining resources further.

This year, for the first time Saudi Arabia has announced plans to introduce electronic identification bracelets for all pilgrims as part of a safety drive. These are planned to contain personal and medical information, helping authorities provide care and identify people. Expected to work with GPS systems, the devices will also instruct worshippers on timings of prayers and multi-lingual help to guide especially non-Arabic speaking pilgrims around the various sites.

The pilgrimage to Makkah is one of the most sacred aspects of the Islamic faith. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as keeper of the two holy mosques, takes immense pride in playing custodian to these events. Smart solutions can improve safety, use resources more efficiently and make the experience equitable for all pilgrims, whilst maintaining reverence to the history and purpose of the event.

Makkah Key Statistics

Population density

2,200/km2

Makkah population

1,700,000Province

MakkahArea

760km2

22 23


Key challenges

The Role of eGovernance

Across the Hijaz region, from the 30 million people arriving per year at Jeddah’s King Abdulaziz international airport, to the three million people expected to ride the Haramain high speed railway between the cities, and the millions who in just one week pass through Makkah, the safe movement of people around the region is of utmost importance. Especially if the region is to achieve its ambition to diversify and provide an attractive setting for people to live, visit and enjoy.

Having an overview of each city; collecting data from cameras and sensors feeding into one system; monitoring and managing the movement of people; supporting connected services that effectively communicate across networks and break down silos; all support the necessary provision of governance and services at the scale required for Saudi Arabia.

The Hajj adds a layer of complexity to the region and real time information is critical to both understanding and responding to the needs of the region at different times. Taking Makkah as an example, the city’s transportation

needs to cope with four main types of traffic demand. These include normal weekdays, when Makkah experiences commuting, business and leisure trips. In addition the city will cope with a significant number of visits by residents and visitors to Al Masjid Al Haram. A normal Friday where people from the nearby cities of Jeddah and Taif will go to the Great Mosque for midday prayers. Ramadan brings peak visitor numbers and fills Al Masjid Al Haram to and beyond its capacity and the Hajj results in very high flows of traffic between the Great Mosque and the holy sites to the south-east of the city. Having real-time data would enable effective decision making across transport modes in the city and reduce the challenges of congestion and the risks to public safety, whilst allowing services to run with greater efficiency. Effective control centers and station management systems at transport hubs along with clear passenger information systems will contribute towards managing these movements.

Vision 2030 commits to increasing the number of Umrah visitors from eight million now to 15 million by 2020 and 30 million by 2030. In addition peak levels during the Hajj will be increased from 1.5 million to 2.5 million by 2020. The planned number of hotel rooms and apartments is set to grow by 2020 from 446,500 to 621,000. The amount of tourist facilities will increase from 52,000 to 77,000.

Against that backdrop, the government is planning to increase national electrical generation capacity reserve from ten percent to 12 percent by 2020. Decrease water loss from 25 percent to 15 percent and increase the percentage of cities covered with water and sewerage services through the National Water Company from 42 percent to 70 percent.

Critical to the success of the ambitions to increase the number of Hajj visitors whilst meeting other important targets for resource use will be the requirement for existing infrastructure to operate more efficiently and that new infrastructure operates to the highest standards.

Keeping the region moving

As already noted, a number of large transport infrastructure projects are already underway in the region.

The Haramain High Speed Rail project, which will be complete by the end of 2016 and will have the capacity to transport three million passengers every year between Jeddah and the cities of Makkah and Madinah. Siemens is delivering the rail automation technology of the project including Communications Based Train Control, interlocking and on-board European Train Control System.

Rail electrification Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro, Makkah

The 18km rapid transit line from Mina to Arafat serves nine stations along the pilgrim route. Siemens supplied and installed the complete power supply system to allow 72,000 passengers to be transported every hour in per direction. This included AC 100kV primary substa-tion equipment, AC 13.8 kV switchgears and extended ring cable systems, 11 traction substations providing 1.5kV DC traction voltage and the entire overhead contact line system, 22 station sub stations and 10 diesel generators.

The Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah metro line in Makkah will carry up to five million passengers a year. Siemens provided the power supply system for the entire line. Each 12 car train carries 3,000 passengers and the system when operating at capacity can transport 72,000 passengers every hour. In addition 19,000 buses transported 1.39 million Hajj pilgrims in 2014.

24 25


The holy cities of Makkah and Madinah face similar traffic challenges

¡ High levels of congestion in the city center, with consequent noise and air pollution problems;

¡ Highway congestion throughout the year, compounded during peak periods by the use of highways by hundreds of thousands of pedestrians

¡ Safety problems arising from high levels of pedestrian movement in streets shared with traffic; and

¡ An extremely limited bus-based public transport system.

It is key that pedestrians and their safety are central to Makkah and Madinah. In order to achieve this, the number of private vehicles and taxis operating in the cities must be reduced. Good quality public transportation options must be available within the cities. Existing and planned rail and Metro stations must act as hubs for an effective bus feeder system.

Whilst the High Speed Rail will take some of the strain for transporting pilgrims to the holy sites, the road network will still be under strain from those undertaking Hajj or Umrah

by land from within Saudi Arabia and also other countries with a land border and tour operators. There are currently severe delays when entering Makkah or Madinah by the major road networks. This compounds high levels of congestion within the city limits, with knock on environmental, health and economic effects.

An estimated 19,000 buses currently transport pilgrims via buses into Makkah for the Hajj. Coupled with other private vehicles and taxis. Key to reducing this impact will be providing local public transportation that incentivizes drivers to park outside the city by offering a speedier more comfortable alternative.

A park and ride system, operating from beyond the borders of both cities, could offer pilgrims, residents and visitors a speedier alternative into the Cities, whilst alleviating congestion and air pollution.

Trams

A tram operating on segregated track, or partially segregated track to ensure that speeds were not reduced by congestion could provide an attractive alternative. The transport capacity of a tram based solution would be up to approximately 15,000 passengers per hour/per direction. The tram would also offer city residents a convenient public

Arrival route for Hajj visitors

Extension of King Abdulaziz International Airport

Introduction Gulf Rail Projects from 2010

Reinforce roads infrastructure

117,383

12,916

20202010200019901980197019601950

10,000

100,000

500,000Sea

Air

Roads

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

Years

Nu

mb

ers

of

Pilg

rim

s

2,100,000

Source: X-Architects

26 27


transport route to the city centers. Tram networks can be developed at an approximate cost of 82 to 123 million SAR per kilometer. Siemens' Ultra Low Floor (ULF) trams provide also provide easy access from the street or curbstone level, making access easier for vulnerable groups.

A tram network can also be easily upgraded to a Light Rail Train or Metro in the case of increasing ridership, offering greater flexibility to cope with the changing demands of cities over time. Upgrading to Light Rail Transit (LRT) would allow a ridership capacity of 30,000 passengers per hour/per direction – doubling the carrying capacity.

A bus rapid transit (BRT) system could provide an alternative, however the carrying capacity of a BRT would be significantly less than a tram based system.

Within the cities of Jeddah, Makkah and Madinah good quality bus services will need to supplement Metro and tram projects that are either planned or underway. E-buses offer significant benefits to cities that suffer from air and noise pollution. They also offer significant potential savings in operating costs whilst offering flexibility and reduced maintenance.

E-bus – operational benefits

¡ Full electric vehicle without overhead wires

¡ Adaptable: Available for 8m, 12m, and articulated 18m

¡ Re-charging at depot during the night and / or at bus station by cable AC 400 V, 3~ or Pantograph DC 700 V

¡ Range of up to 150km

¡ Brake energy recuperation

¡ Proven modular and flexible electric traction system (ELFA) adapted to the specific requirements of every vehicle (such as weight, acceleration, speed)

¡ Compatible with almost all bus manufacturers

28 29


Smart and sustainable buildings

Facilitating such a large increase in the Umrah and Hajj, coupled with the significant growth of cities in the western provinces presents real opportunities to deliver smart and sustainable buildings. By 2020 alone the National Transformation Plan plans a growth in hotel rooms and accommodation in the region from 447,000 to 621,000. But opportunities not only exist to build energy efficient new buildings but also to improve the energy efficiency of existing ones.

Sustainable buildings are not only efficient energy and water users, they also provide an opportunity to actively feed into the government’s renewable energy targets. Reductions in energy requirements of new buildings will reduce the overall generation capacity requirements in Saudi cities.

Buildings account for about 41 percent of global energy consumption. When looking at the lifetime costs of a building, typically energy accounts for 40 percent of overall costs.

Smart buildings will also play an important part in realizing the government’s renewable energy ambitions, whilst enabling greater grid stability. The grid requires flexibility and efficiency in managing loads. This is achieved by combining building management and grid management to optimize electrical loads. Smart buildings will play a central and fundamental role in stabilizing the grid through optimized (smart) consumption, the ability not only to produce energy but also to store energy, and to do this through energy consumption forecasts that they share with utilities and grid operators.

Building automation and management

The Siemens Building Management Systems (BMS) automatically monitors and controls all energy consumers from water treatment to air conditioning to lighting, ensuring that consumption is limited to actual energy required. Desigo CC, Siemens system for automated building management is the most extensive building management system currently available to the market worldwide. It allows control and optimization of all the systems in the building: heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, shading, room automation, energy management, and fire safety as well as security services like video surveillance and intrusion. In addition to the energy saving measures and comfort

Smart building solutions – an integrated solution

¡ Building energy management systems (BEMS)

¡ Building management system (BMS)

¡ Building automation and control

¡ Energy monitoring system

¡ Energy efficiency services

¡ Fire safety & security

¡ Comfort & energy

¡ Full 3rd party integration

Smart building in smart grid solutions:

¡ Grid gateway (bilateral data and energy flow)

¡ Optimal load management

¡ Forecasting (consumption, generation, storage)

¡ Integration of solar, electrical / thermal storage

¡ Customized solutions for individual requirements

Smart buildings – achieve energy savings

A smart building with its own energy generation and storage, interacting with the smart grid is able to manage its own demand and generation to ensure efficiency and reduce costs.

¡ Lighting: Efficient light bulbs and management can save up to 82 percent of energy

¡ Cooling: Modern chillers need up to 50 percent less energy

¡ Heating: Modern boilers save up to 40 percent on fuel

¡ Building automation and control systems: Advanced systems can save up to 40 percent

controls, the buildings incorporate virtual fencing technology - a security function protecting the local environment using digital applications on surveillance technology – creating a safe environment with non intrusive security measures.

30 31


Sustainable aviation

As the arrival point for the Hajj and Umrah, the Hijaz region has the potential to set the standards for the area in terms of sustainable airport design and operation. The airport and its terminals are an important factor in the impression visitors receive of the country. Significant investment has already been made in upgrading the regions two main airports.

Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz Airport, located in Madinah, is one of two sites used by pligrims for the Hajj or Umrah – the other being King Abdulaziz international airport inJeddah, which itself has undergone significant expansion in recent years. Medinah's Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz Airport is currently the fourth busiest airport in Saudi Arabia handling nearly six million passengers in 2015, including three million Hajj or Umrah charter passengers.

An expansion of Madinah's airport is being undertaken in three stages, with a total value of 9 billion SAR. This will enhance the airport’s handling capacity to 40 million passengers per year. Connection from the airport to the City Center and the Haramain High Speed Rail will be essential to cope with the planned increases in passenger arrivals and will need to be factored into feasibility work for the Madinah Metro, planned for 2020.

The phase 1 terminal expansion of the airport was recently awarded Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) gold status. The first commercial airport in the Middle East to reach this status.

Planning activities for the second and third stages of the airport expansion are underway. These project phases are:

Phase II:

1. Construction of a passenger terminal spanning 172,000m2

2. Construction of a second runway

3. Construction of ten air bridges

4. Construction of parking for ten aircrafts

5. Construction of a Hajj Plaza for external pilgrims

Phase III:

1. Construction of a passenger terminal spanning 84,000m2

2. Construction of a runway

3. Construction of four air bridges

4. Construction of parking for 13 aircrafts

CO2 footprint of airports

¡ Two percent of global CO2 emissions are from

the airline industry; 10 - 15 percent of this comes from the airport itself

¡ 50 percent of the on-ground emissions are aircraft taxiing and queuing

¡ 40 percent of an airport’s CO2 footprint is the

public transportation of passengers, staff and delivery services to and from the airport

The second and third phases of the project present the opportunity to go further and achieve LEED platinum status. The vision for the second and third phases should adopting and future proofing for the latest innovative technologies aligned with its sustainability targets.

Siemens offers solutions opportunities including power generation to distribution, smart grids and energy storage, building design and operation, energy efficient transportation, smart parking solutions and e-mobility, baggage handling and air cargo solutions. Airport expansion creates opportunities to

¡ Reduce water consumption by 80 percent

¡ Integration of up to 30 percent renewable energy

¡ Reduce energy consumption by 50 percent

¡ Deliver a greenhouse gas carbon neutral upgrade

Phase 1 was completed in July 2015 and involved:

1. Construction of a 150,000m2 second terminal

2. Construction of a 256,000m2 passenger lounge

3. Construction of a commercial facility

4. Construction of 16 air bridges

5. Renovation of the existing runway

32 33


An integrated smart energy concept

Planning the energy concept for large airports is no easy task. The long project duration requires in-depth knowledge about the latest and upcoming technology to make them future proofed. Energy concepts must lay the foundation for a modular and scalable energy infrastructure. New airport projects have the advantage of allowing for the development of completely new and highly sophisticated systems, securing the airport from long term power outages in the event of an extreme incident. A smart grid can identify and isolate damaged parts of the grid, allowing the rest of the airport to receive power and any damage to be repaired with minimal delays.

With an energy management system which monitors the smart grid at all times, optimal energy efficiencies are also achieved. The smart grid allows energy managers to follow energy consumption patterns and provide active demand response activities, avoiding the unnecessary use of energy when local demand is high. Reducing pressure on the energy generation facilities is key to energy resilience and with a smart grid and good management, peak power outages can also be avoided.

A resilient, future-proofed airport energy concept

¡ 40 million passengers

¡ 7.5 kWh per passenger energy consumption based on international benchmark

¡ 250g bio-waste per passenger

Estimated energy demand

¡ 300GWh per year

¡ Co/Tri generation 228GWh per year (76%)

¡ PV generation 60GWh per year (20%)

¡ Waste to energy generation: 12GWh per year (4%)

Smart grids regulate power generation and prevent network overloads by ensuring that only as much electricity is produced as is actually needed. In addition, demand management processes can be used to minimize peaks and balance energy supply. For example, thermal and electrical storages can be utilized, and large plants can be scheduled to shift their work schedule when required.

With efficiently designed buildings, highly efficient energy generation facilities and management systems within the buildings and in the power distribution grid, the energy strategy is completed by the addition of on-site renewable energy generation. Building integrated photovoltaic panels and solar thermal panels, together with a Tri-Generation power plant allows for a site wide generation capacity sufficient to meet the total energy demand of a large infrastructure such as airports.

One gas connection could be provided to the site and converted into electricity and chilled water at its entry point, saving vast amount of primary energy (50 percent and more compared to a combined cycle power plant.) All energy will then be distributed and delivered via an electrical network and district cooling infrastructure. These networks are the backbone of the smart grid allowing the monitoring, control, protection and securing of the total energy supply to the airport.

Green Airports – Energy usage and savings potential

Intermodality With solutions for airport logistics such as automated people mover systems at airports, remote check-in solutions and rail vehicles for mass transit, regional and long-distance.

80% Savings

40-80% Savings

40% Savings

40% Savings

30% Savings

80% Savings

60% Savings

50% Savings 50%

Savings

Runway Lighting LED technology for airfield lighting, taxiways and runways.

Green IT Application and desktop virtualization; huge hardware savings, by adopting one powerful server on which the multiple applications are running.

Baggage Handling For an airport with inefficient controls logic, up to 50% energy savings can be made. Replacing torn belts with low friction belts, energy savings of around 25% are possible. Replacing old drives, using highly efficient gearboxes and energy efficient motors can save up to 40% of energy.

Energy Generation The highest efficiency is achieved by combining various technologies into a single integrated system e.g. using a modern, gas-fired Combined Heat and Power plant with heat recovery, combined with district heating and cooling. Further savings can be made using photovoltaic measures.

Terminal Lighting Replacing mercury vapor with high pressure sodium lamps or replacing halogen with ceramic metal halide lamps.

Terminal Building Digital control systems and open communications, efficiently controlling heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Parking Guidance Directing cars to free spaces reduces the time cars spend looking for a parking space, and, as a result, reduce fuel use/ emissions. Efficient car park lighting systems also save energy.

Electric Vehicles Electric vehicles used airside, such as coaches for passengers, cars for staff or luggage vehicles.

34 35


Smart and competitive ports

Jeddah Islamic Port handles just over four million twenty foot equivalent units (TEU) per year. Jeddah’s port volume has remained fairly constant over the last five years but it faces competition from the privately owned King Abdullah Economic City port. Jeddah currently acts as Saudi Arabia’s primary container port for commercial freight. The port’s connection to Europe and the Indian sub-continent create important strategic opportunities.

Typically ports performance is assessed around port volume growth and market share. Other key factors are maritime connectivity, port efficiency and hinterland connectivity. Ports can place a heavy impact on the cities in terms of air pollution and congestion in particular, with emissions from ships docked in ports and freight vehicles carrying cargo.

Jeddah is recognized as the tourist center of Saudi Arabia, as well as acting as the main entrance point for pilgrims. The regeneration of Historic Jeddah, a UNESCO World Heritage

TEU (millions)Passengers

(000’s)

2010 3.83 255

2011 4.01 276

2012 4.74 318

2013 No information No information

2014 4.22 364

2015 4.19 351

site since 2014 will provide further opportunities to attracting tourists. Balancing this opportunity with Jeddah's role as a major port will be of significant importance.

Clean energy supply for vessels

A number of measures are available to improve both the environmental and logistical operation of ports. All ships require a power supply on the dockside, otherwise they rely on their own generation assets which are an important source of air pollution. Siemens SIHARBOR solution allows vessels to connect via a SIPLINK coupling to land-based power grids. This means that when in port, ships can shut down their diesel generators and cut off emissions, fine dust and noise that are associated with their use. This solution can reduce CO

2 emissions by up to 35 percent and

NOx and PM10

emissions are practically eliminated.

SIHARBOR provides numerous benefits not only for port operators, but also for ship owners, local residents, and the port staff.

Smart grids and renewable energy integration

Renewable energy supports the environmental targets in a port, especially together with the above-mentioned points. This must be anchored within the port strategy, and obviously be affordable to achieve the financial targets. Smart Grids (often incorporating Microgrids) vary in size, complexity and scope. They all require intelligent software, communication and often include renewable energy Integration. The components vary depending on the application. In the Port of Antwerp, Belgium the “Wind aan de Stroom” project which has 11 Siemens wind turbines each producing 3 MW of power have been integrated into the port grid.

Getting freight moving

Siemens' SIMOCRANE system helps optimize port activity and drive further efficiencies. The remote control of ship to shore cranes has been successfully delivered in Dubai and Rotterdam. Using data from ships and the monitoring of containers, the port can incorporate automated stacking cranes. SIMOCRANE increases both the productivity and safety. The SIMOCRANE swaycontrol system enables effective and safe transportation, reduces oscillations from guide ropes and enables faster handling.

All large container terminal operators use rubber tired gantry cranes (RTGs) equipped with fuel efficient, diesel electric variable speed drives which can reduce diesel fuel consumption by up to 70 percent.

These solutions boost productivity and efficiency of container handling, whilst providing for safer operations. Helping reduce vessel turnaround time, maximize yard efficiency and lower energy use and emissions of local air pollutants.

SIHARBOR – the benefits

¡ For ships: Reduction of maintenance costs and fuel consumption of the diesel generators in the port. Discounts for ships using the shore connection power supply system

¡ For ports: New business opportunities for the port operator by providing power supply for ships

¡ For local residents and the port staff: Improved quality of life by reduction of emissions, noise and vibrations

Integrated truck guidance – benefits

¡ For truck drivers: decreased waiting times and travel times, less congestion, faster handling, less stressful driving and resting times

¡ For shipping agents: more trips per day, better utilization of vehicles, decreased fuel consumption, compliance with handling, dispatching and accounting

¡ For logistics providers: decreased waiting times, greater utilization of loading ramps, increased throughput and performance, more efficient resource planning

¡ For hub operators: improved pollution and local traffic flows, increased quality of existing infrastructure and general traffic safety

Integrated truck guidance

But opportunities to improve the efficiency and environmental impact of ports do not stop at dock-side. The faster handling of trucks provides a huge potential, driving down unnecessary waiting times, energy consumption and emissions. Comprehensive transparency regarding the current traffic situation in and around the hubs eliminates bottlenecks. The intelligent truck guidance system collects all truck data, anonymizes and bundles them with available traffic data such as travel time, traffic situation and congestion before forwarding it to mobile devices and LED signs. Truck drivers receive all relevant traffic information as they approach and are quickly routed to the next available loading area or terminal in a coordinated fashion.

36 37


e-Highways

Transferring freight transport to rail has its limitations. Consequently the transport will need to be carried out by trucks that combine reliable service with minimum environmental impact. The Siemens eHighway system is twice as efficient as conventional internal combustion engines. The Siemens innovation supplies trucks with power from an overhead contact line. This means that not only is energy consumption cut by half but also local air pollution is reduced. The eHighway is particularly effective from an environmental and economic perspective on heavily used truck routes, such as between ports or industrial estates and cargo hubs, or between mines and central transshipment terminals. Siemens is demonstrating the system in pilot projects in Sweden and California on public roads. Again the approach complements the approach taken by Saudi Arabia to significantly increase its renewable energy generation.

In California, Siemens has installed a two-mile long overhead contact line system for hybrid electric trucks, in partnership with vehicle manufacturer Volvo and local truck retrofitters on a demonstration project for the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). This project is testing how different truck configurations interact with the eHighway infrastructure set up in the vicinity of the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. The trial route is providing reductions in energy consumption, operational costs and local air pollution emissions.

38 39


The Eastern Province

Located in the middle of the Eastern Province with its capital Dammam, is the world’s largest oil field. From this basis, Saudi Arabia’s industrial and technical heartland has grown.

Neighboring cities of Al Khobar and Dhahran have grown along with Dammam into one conurbation. With a single municipality known as the Dammam Area or the triplet cities. Dammam's King Abdul Aziz Sea Port is second only in the Kingdom to Jeddah. The scale of opportunity to develop on the strength of these industrial foundations is significant.

Dhahran is home to Saudi Aramco, the largest oil company in the world. It alone has a compound housing 40,000 people, along with many support services and its own bus network. To encourage diversification in the region, industrial cities have been established over the years

between the three cities. Now home to a number of factories, manufacturing a variety of consumer and industrial products that are marketed throughout the Kingdom and are exported to other countries around the world. This includes highly skilled manufacturing. The first gas turbine produced in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia left a Siemens factory in Dammam earlier in 2016. The Siemens Dammam Energy Hub (SDEH) is the first manufacturing facility for gas turbines in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the largest in the Middle East. Siemens and its local partner, E.A. Juffali and Brothers, have jointly invested in this facility to manufacture cutting-edge products, specifically for the energy market in Saudi Arabia.

Dammam

Khobar

Dhahran

Jubail

Dammam Key Statistics


Greater Dammam population

Dammam population

4,100,000

1,000,000

Province

Eastern

Diversified Energy

eTechnology

Ambitious

Vibrant

Thriving

Eastern

Renewables

Resilience

Area800km2

40 41


Jubail and the wider economic cities

Some 50km north of Dammam is the city of Jubail. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia established the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY) about 35 years ago for the purpose of creating major industrial hubs. During the initial stage, Jubail and Yanbu, its twin city on the Western coast, saw developments that were almost purely oil-based. Investment and development priorities have been moderately diversified into petrochemical, gas, and downstream oil refinery areas.

Jubail and Yanbu, which contributed 11.5 percent of Saudi Arabia’s non-oil GDP in 2012, are early examples of the Kingdom trying to diversify their economies away from just oil production.

Whilst the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY) place the two coastal cities are the country’s industrial heart, they suffer from poor environmental conditions. This leads to the cities struggling to attract and retain quality workforce. The fact that, as in Dammam with Saudi Aramco, compound living is prevalent, means that the city as a whole does not have quality commercial developments and public space. At the same time this can also mean a lack of joined up environmental services and public transport options as each compound addresses its own needs and fails to look further afield. Missing opportunities for efficiency and solutions that only work at scale. A Saudi strategy for cities needs to consider how to improve the quality of life in these cities and the connections to the places surrounding them.

Another development program that has suffered from these problems is the Economic Cities. Saudi Arabia launched the economic cities plan ten years ago as part of a major diversification drive to attract domestic and foreign investment, boost economic growth and create thousands of new jobs for its growing number of young graduates.

The new cities were designed to serve specialized industries through the joint efforts of public and private sectors. The government served as regulator, facilitator and promoter while private industries provided capital, technology transfer, land ownership and development.

Vision 2030 acknowledges that the economic cities from the past decade faced real challenges in their viability and sustainability. In contrast to Jubail and Yanbu, these cities were not guaranteed the secure and stable investment provided by the scale of the petrochemical industry. Whilst the diversity in industrial, education and economic opportunities presented by the economic cities was laudable, the lack of a single driver has led to the need to reconsider the economic cities plan.

Another example is the King Abdullah Financial District in Riyadh. The 2030 plan goes as far as to say that the economic feasibility of this project was not adequately considered. By trying to develop the real estate project in one single phase, significant increases in construction costs and several delays in delivery became too impactful to the viability of the whole project. The oversupply of commercial space is detrimental to

the surrounding city, and the project itself, depressing land values.

The Saudi Arabian government has extensive reserves of real estate on which to capitalize. Areas within cities are seeing development for educational institutions, retail and entertainment centers, whilst large areas along the coasts provide opportunities at scale for tourist projects. Industrial projects, as seen in Jubail and Yanbu, as well as in cities across the nation, benefit from having holistic plans for their industrial development.

Key to this is the enabling of banks and other financial institutions to provide financial products and services to the each sector, ranging from large project capital funding to short-term working capital for small businesses. Effective regulation and licensing is key to creating a conducive environment for long-term investment.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has reviewed the economic feasibility of economic cities. As can be seen in Jubail and Yanbu, as well as the development of economic cities going forward, there are a number of key initiatives to guarantee success; Special zone that have competitive regulations and procedures; visa exemptions; real estate mix and direct connections to mass transit and airport infrastructure.

42 43


eTechnology Training

The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 represents the ambitious determination of transforming the nation economically and socially. The localization of jobs will be fundamental to this. In Dammam the industrial diversification has enabled Siemens to take a lead in supporting the training of local workers. The construction of SDEH is just one of a number of initiatives aimed at creating local jobs and building expertise. Siemens are working with Saudi Petroleum Service Polytechnic (SPSP) to train more than 170 young Saudi nationals since 2012, during which time they also received training in Dammam’s sister factory in Charlotte, USA.

Siemens is a founding member of the industrial cooperation program at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), which pursues research topics in the areas of energy and water treatment. The company signed an agreement with Effat University in Jeddah to jointly develop new curricula in the energy engineering sciences and to generate greater interest in eTechnology careers.

Not least due to this extensive commitment, at the beginning of this year Siemens was presented with the SWEF Award on the occasion of the Saudi Water and Electricity Forum (SWEF) in Riyadh. The award honors the company’s outstanding contribution to the development of the Saudi energy sector. Siemens is delivering ten gas turbines that are specifically designed for operation with synthesis gas and diesel as well as five steam turbines, fifteen generators and ten heat recovery boilers.

But as Saudi Arabia moves forward to deliver 9.5 gigawatts of renewable energy as part of the King Salman Renewable Energy Initiative, the industrial cities of the Eastern Province and Siemens work in localization shows how these new technologies can work as catalysts to achieve a number of goals.

More than half of Saudi Arabia’s power generation is from oil. Equivalent to as much of one eighth of oil exports. Diversifying energy supply will not only free up greater resources of oil to export, but the approach creates the opportunity to develop a renewable energy industry supported by the roll out of technology in the local market, similar to that being created by the Siemens Dammam Energy hub for gas.

Global energy consumption has grown steadily and the IEA estimates that over the period to 2035 the investment required each year to supply the world’s energy needs will rise to 7.5 trillion SAR. Developing expertise and capability in renewable energy fields will bring the scope to access this market. The deployment of renewable energy technology in Saudi cities, coupled with new concepts based on electrification such as electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, smart buildings, an electrified rail network and urban metro networks are complimentary and bring many market opportunities to the Kingdom. Importantly an electrification strategy will bring clear improvements to the air quality in Saudi cities.

Distributed Energy Systems (DES)

The large geography of Saudi Arabia and the high concentration of the population in urban areas lends itself to the concept of distributed energy networks. Distributed energy systems can apply to manufacturing facilities, ports, airports, office buildings and urban residential districts. The numbers speak for themselves. Operational cost reductions ranging between 8 percent and 28 percent and a return on investment (ROI) between 3-7 years compared to a business as usual can be achieved. The wider uptake of DES can also deliver significant economic, social and environmental co-benefits through better system resilience and efficiency, including lower grid balancing costs, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and affordable extension of grids to unconnected communities. Distributed energy systems also offer the opportunity to complement other priorities such as high energy users such as water and wastewater treatment plants.

Distributed energy systems (DES)

44 45


Increasing city resilience

Energy infrastructure all over the world is ageing and requires significant investment to replace and repair. The risks associated with ageing assets coupled with shocks derived from large scale weather-related events, can lead to potential failures in the network - blackouts and brownouts - or at best very poor environmental performance.

Local, decentralized and controllable DES generation and storage sources can be designed to provide the end user with local resilience or even full independence from the grid. The benefits also accrue to grid operators as well, as DES can manage demand to reduce peak loads when infrastructure is nearing capacity, thus postponing the need for major grid reinforcement investments.

Low Carbon Energy and Energy Efficiency

DES includes renewable and low-carbon generation and controls that enable the integration of such technologies into the network and as a result reduces the carbon intensity and impact on the local environment of the energy system. DES that rely on clean energy generation or hybrid systems,

have a reduced impact on air quality and helps maintain a greener and cleaner ecosystem. Energy efficiency is one of the key steps towards reducing carbon emissions and cutting energy costs and also, arguably, the one with the most immediate and obvious returns. DES coupled with other traditional energy conservation measures can improve efficiency across the energy system. Integrated real time data monitoring and multipoint controls at both plant, building and network level can improve asset utilization and plant efficiency and ensure power, cooling, heating and lighting are used only when and where they are needed.

District cooling

Temperatures can exceed 50°C during the summer, making cooling one of the biggest issues facing the region. Estimates in the region suggest that in the summer between noon and 5pm, there is a 40 percent increase in demand for power, which is largely cooling related. Around 70 percent of power generation is used for cooling, meaning efficiency is paramount to ensure that power generation and associated infrastructure is not strained beyond reliable operating capacity.

A single district cooling plant can meet the cooling needs of many buildings, using electricity or natural gas for power and also utilizing freshwater, seawater or recycled water as the cooling agent. The centrally located model of district cooling also means developers benefit from reduced capital and operating costs, less-frequent maintenance, space savings, and lower power usage over more traditional air-conditioning systems.

With a growing population and expanding industries, electricity demand in Saudi Arabia will continue to increase. Every tonne of district cooling capacity installed can save one tonne of CO

2 emissions compared to conventional air

conditioning. With reduced capital and operating costs, district cooling prevents the need for individual buildings to design, construct and maintain more inefficient individual air-conditioning plants. District cooling systems consume up to 50 percent less power than traditional air conditioning systems bringing the costs and environmental impact down, it saves valuable real estate space, and also enjoys considerably longer plant life than air-conditioning units.

Coupled with the increasing reliability and effectiveness of renewable energy in the region beginning to impact the

energy mix, district cooling will provide Saudi Arabia with an efficient, cost-effective and well-proven solution to one of its most enduring challenges.

Renewable energy

Solar and wind will have a major part to play in delivering the 9.5GW renewable energy target.

Siemens is a leader in both onshore and offshore wind powers solutions. In the UK, Siemens delivered, assembled, commissioned and maintains 175 wind turbines 20km off the coast in the outer Thames estuary in depths up to 23 meters with a capacity of 650MW. Example of onshore wind farms include 142MW of capacity installed near Wellington in New Zealand. Onshore wind offers high availability at over 95 percent and stable low-cost electricity over the long-term.

Concentrated solar power plants offer a practically emissions free electricity production. Siemens provides the concentrated power block that converts solar thermal energy into electrical energy and is the leader in steam turbines for concentrated solar plants.

46 47


In Saudi cities a solar roof strategy could also offer a significant contribution to national targets both on new developments or retrofitted to existing buildings and contributing to diversifying the country’s energy mix and enabling a greater portion of oil to be exported.

Smart grid and energy storage

Both solar and wind power stations have to be switched off at times due to insufficient demand within the energy grid, resulting in wasted renewable power. Hydrogen electrolysis can be used to store surplus sustainable electricity and use it later in the forms of hydrogen or gas. The gas can either be fed into mainline gas supply or used to fire gas power plants when additional electricity is required.

Advances in automation and digitalization allows for two-way communication between energy providers and consumers. They also make it possible to modernize and adapt existing power grids to meet future demands. They enable power operators to manage energy more efficiently, react more flexibly to changing demands and boost efficiency as well as incorporate electricity from distributed and renewable sources. They also provide the opportunity for more effective maintenance of equipment and the ability to isolate faults on grids, without impacting on the wider network.

Grid Control Center – reliability and efficiency and renewable energy integration

Grid control centers provide cost efficient management of energy transmission and distribution networks using innovative technology.

Grid Control Centers provide network monitoring, control solutions for load and supply management with network transmission, distribution and generation scheduling applications. Basic components for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for control and monitoring of power grids, load flow optimization and operational planning.

Siemens platform manages North America’s largest transmission grid: PJM interconnecton. The platform runs at two different sites, each is fully functional and capable of running the grid either independently or as a single virtual control center.

Rethinking power – smart grid benefits

¡ More efficient distribution of electricity

¡ Greater resilience of electrical grids

¡ Reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers

¡ Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity requirements

¡ Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems

¡ Better integration of customer-owned power generation systems, including renewable energy systems

¡ Improved reliability

48 49


Connecting the dots – eMobility, eGovernance and eTechnology

Cities procure infrastructure and services in packages of work within sectors. Each of which will have a dedicated budget designed to deliver a given result. Integration is key to effective and efficient infrastructure and services. How a city goes about achieving this makes up a large part of how smart their solutions are.

With the potential offered by a city-wide connected digital infrastructure, capturing information across the city’s networks, there comes an ability to manage movement and support people like never before.

Providing mechanisms to collect data feeds from citizens raises the possibility for cities to plan services more effectively and manage communities with greater accuracy. Connected services drive savings in the public budget. Collecting data from installations such as metro trains, water pipes or waste bins will inform city managers of their current status. Effectively managed services can save on costs and create efficiencies that will ensure a better delivered service.

Public safety and security is at the heart of city management and pervades every sector and every service delivered at city level.

What is needed is a comprehensive and integrated approach to safety and security. Networked cameras which provide a city wide birds-eye view of events not only as they take place, but also which can predict events before they happen, are an essential asset.

Critically, a point of co-ordination for security services and systems operators which can respond to incidents is crucial in large scale crowd management and service provision. Early warning systems are only effective and disaster response plans can only be implemented when there is an integrated provision for response.

Digitalization can facilitate the effective deployment of resources to the place of greatest need, and manage multiple city systems to expedite and navigate first responders directly to their destination without delay. Interoperable communications systems which can analyze data effectively, and report this through a centralized control and command centre, from where all responses are dispatched, allowing for real time decision making.

An electrified, connected Kingdom

Effective Planning

Getting the planning of transportation, cities and their infrastructure will be critical to the success of Saudi cities. The layout of most Saudi cities is based on the use of the car. This has created a low density model of development with urban areas spread out, fragmented spaces and some dispersion of houses and buildings. Land ownership has historically also led to large areas of open or vacant land within city borders. UN Habitat estimate an average of 46 percent of land within 17 Saudi Arabian cities to be open or vacant land, mostly located in the middle or the center of cities. This land is typically served with some infrastructure, roads, streetlights and water networks.

Densification of cities within their existing boundaries will make more effective use of existing vacant or open land. It would provide benefits by making best use of existing infrastructure, whilst reducing the costs of delivering new infrastructure, by reducing the inherent inefficiencies of urban sprawl. The release and effective use of existing available land could play an important role in reducing the cost of required infrastructure in the future. This could also be combined with other measures geared towards attracting land development and investment.

Barcelona and Atlanta illustrate the impacts of urban sprawl. They are similar cities in terms of wealth and population. However, Barcelona, which has a far more compact model of growth, has ten times fewer greenhouse gas emissions from its public and private transportation. The inefficiency of land use also costs more. In the US, the least sprawled cities spend close to 1,875 SAR on infrastructure per head of population compared with 2,810 SAR per head in cities with greater sprawl. The costs to the US economy of sprawl are estimated at 3.7 trillion SAR every year.

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Diversifying the energy mix

The National Transformation Program sets a target to deliver 9.5GW of renewable energy by 2023. This theme was explored further in the discussion of the Hijaz region, but the development of renewable energy capability creates new skills, expertise and products that could not just service an internal market but be exported to other countries in the region.

9.5GW is a huge renewable resource to integrate in the energy mix and will need to be supported by decentralized systems in urban and remote areas too. The number of solar panels and solar water heaters on homes and official buildings can be massively increased. As homes are such a large consumer of energy, particularly for cooling, measures to improve the insulation of buildings should also be prioritized. In larger cities local power plants which produce electricity, heat and chilled water could feed district cooling networks would offer significant efficiency savings.

Increasing the efficiency of existing large fossil fuel power

plants will have a major impact on decreasing fossil fuel consumption. Trigeneration power plants of combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) units can provide efficiencies of up to 90 percent. Similarly, significant energy savings could be gained by improving the efficiency of large centralized power plants. These operate at an efficiency of around 32 percent at the moment. Installing co-generation and combined heat and power (CHP) plants would operate at efficiencies from 60 to 90 percent.

Renewable power will provide a cleaner energy mix with benefits for both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, but also drive a more decentralized and flexible energy system, providing greater energy security, resilience and future proofing of energy networks.

Saudi Arabia’s targets are ambitious. If met by offshore wind farms alone, this would be the equivalent of 2,000 wind turbines. The Thames Array, the largest offshore windfarm in the World currently has 175 turbines. Concentrated solar and solar photovoltaics (PV) has obvious benefits in Saudi Arabia. 9.5GW of renewable solar would generate around 5.5 percent of Saudi Arabia’s power

consumption. Concentrated solar and solar PV would require a landtake of around 80 km2 - equivalent to one percent of the combined area of Jeddah, Makkah, Madinah, Riyadh and Dammam. The development of renewable energy strategies for individual cities can create, local and distributed energy systems driving key city infrastructure and also taking pressure off the national grid.

As part of the integration of renewables, storage options will be particularly important for smoothing the effect of fluctuating renewable energy sources. At times where excess renewable power is generated it could be converted to hydrogen gas via electrolysis. This gas can be stored or transported as a gas. The gas could be injected into the gas distribution network or converted into methane and used as a fuel source for gas-fired power plants.

Rail electrification and expansion of the network

The benefits of rail expansion are well recorded. They do not just increase access and mobility for existing populations and businesses. They can drive development surrounding stations, facilitated by zoning and other development incentives. Regional corridors play an

important role in attracting businesses, increased competitiveness for business location choices and access to labor and key markets, when coordinated with other regional strategies.

Saudi Arabia, currently has the following rail networks mainly operated with diesel trains or diesel electric trains in some cases:

¡ A 449 km passenger line linking Dammam and Riyadh via Al-Ahsa and Abqaiq.

¡ A 556 km freight line also operates between King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam and the dry-port of Riyadh. A further 373 km of auxiliary lines branch from the main lines connecting industrial and agricultural areas.

¡ A north-south route consisting of 1,392 km freight line connecting the phosphate mines of Jalamid to the new port city Ras Al Khair on the eastern coast.

¡ The Haramain High Speed Rail, an electrified line connecting Jeddah, Makkah and Madinah via King Abdullah Economic City is very near completion.

Desiro City, reducing energy consumption in London

Siemens is delivering 1,140 Desiro City cars for the newly built Thameslink line, which crosses London from north to south.

The Desiro City will reduce the total energy consumption and track wear by up to 50 percent compared to previous models. Thanks to its enhanced interior fixtures, the new generation of trains offer more comfort and flexibility: with its individually selectable interior layout, the Desiro City is able to carry up to 25 percent more passengers than its predecessor. The number of seats and the distance between them can be varied according to needs and the service for which they are deployed. Additional standing room can be created as well as room for bicycles and wheelchairs.

AtlantaThe impact of sprawl Barcelona

Population Population

5.3 million 5 million7,692 km2 648 km26.9 tonnes 1.16 tonnes

Urban area Urban areaTransport carbon emissions p.c. Transport carbon emissions p.c.

Source: LSE Cities 2014

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A series of potential extensions to the rail network are being considered or planned for including:

¡ An extension of 85 km is planned connecting the north-south railway with the port of Jubail from Ras Al Khair, an extension in the north connecting Al Haditha on the border with Jordan with the line is yet to be undertaken. The extension of the line between Hail and Riyadh is also planned.

¡ The Saudi Landbridge project is aimed at connecting the Red Sea with the Arabian Gulf. It will involve the construction of a 950 km line from Jeddah Islamic Port to Riyadh, and a 115 km line from Dammam to Jubail.

¡ The Gulf Cooperation Council Railway Project is a proposed railway network of 2,116 km linking all GCC countries. The length of the track inside Saudi Arabia would be 663 km.

¡ There are also plans to construct three lines in southern Saudi Arabia to improve the region's connectivity with the rest of the country. The lines are the Taif-Khamis Mushayt–Abha line (706 km), the Jeddah-Jazan line (660 km), and the Yanbu–Jeddah line (350 km)

The development of the Saudi Landbridge connecting Jeddah in the west with Dammam and Jubail via Riyadh, coupled with the extensions of the network between Jubail and Ras Al Kahir and north from Riyadh, will offer significant benefits in terms of the competitiveness and attractiveness of the country for business and international

investment. This can only be increased further with the delivery of the GCC railway project, connecting Saudi Arabia with other countries in the Gulf.

Electrification of new and existing rail network will deliver many benefits over diesel networks, as are being realized by the forthcoming Haramain line. Rail electrification will be an essential component of a Saudi Arabia with a diversified generation mix, with an increasing portion of renewable energy. In particular rail electrification brings the benefits of reduced operational costs, increased speed and lower environmental impact.

Electrification offers other benefits including:

¡ Reduced fuel consumption and air pollution

¡ Lower carbon footprint

¡ Extra speed at which full load can be hauled

¡ Greater hauling capacity

¡ Regeneration of power during braking and reduced wear and tear of brake blocks

¡ Reduced maintenance costs

¡ Integration with renewable energy policy

Egypt

Sudan

Ethiopia

Eritrea

Khamis Musayt

Jaizan

TaifMakkah

JeddahKing Abdlaziz Int'l. airport

King Khalid Int'l. airport

King Abdullah Economic city

Rabigh

Riyadh

Al Kharj HaradhHaradh

HofhufAbaqaiqDamman

JubailBuraidah

Zabirah (Bauxite mining)Ras Al-Khair

Current railway network

Saudi Landbridge

Project:

Abandoned:

Haramain High Speed Rail (West Rail)North-South LineOther Projects

Hejaz Railway

Hail

Al Baseeta

Bosajata

Sakakah

Al QuorayyatAl Haditha

Hazm Al Jalamid (Phosphate mining

YanbuMadinah

Al Moyah(Al Jadid)

Raid Dry Port (Container Terminal)

Oman

Arabian Sea

Red Sea

Yemen

United Arab Emratez

Iran

Qatar

Bahrain

Iraq

Kuwait

Syria

Jordan

Israel

West BankLebanon

Saudi Arabia

Railways of Saudi-Arabia

500 Kilometers

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Electric vehicles

There are estimated to be over 18 million cars on Saudi Arabia’s roads. Four fifths are registered in the provinces of Makkah, Riyadh and the Eastern Province. Makkah registered 5.1 million, Riyadh 4.8 million and the Eastern province three million. If ten percent of diesel vehicles were replaced by electric it would result in PM

10 savings of

around 2,300 tonnes. Saudi authorities can show the way by using electric vehicles in their own fleets.

Many Saudi Arabian cities face challenges with air pollution. On top of the health costs from poor air quality, quality of life will be an important factor in Saudi’s ability to attract business, talent and investment. Whilst much of this is due to geography, there are still significant emissions from transport and industry that compound the problem. With such a large proportion of Saudi citizens living and working in cities, e-mobility within Saudi cities brings direct benefits to citizens. As well as generating zero tailpipe

emissions, as renewable energy is added to the energy mix, their carbon footprint will become much more attractive compared to conventional cars.

The performance of electric cars is becoming comparable to conventional vehicles. The Tesla Model S accelerates from 0-60mph in 2.5 seconds and comes with automation capabilities that will make highway driving safer in the future. They now have a range of up to 300 miles, whilst the Chevy Bolt’s range is 238 miles.

Rapid DC charging units mean that a vehicle can recharge in around 30 minutes. Conventional AC charging units provide a recharge over a number of hours, more suitable to charging overnight or long stay, for example whilst at work.

Saudi Arabia is the largest importer of cars in the region and the 15th largest market in the world with almost 900,000 vehicles imported in 2014. The government is encouraging carmakers to invest in the country. Saudi Arabia could position itself as the leader for the roll-out of electric vehicles, backed with measures to increase take up in the country. Electric vehicles offer a number of benefits

¡ No gasoline or diesel needed. Electric vehicles are not only cheaper to run, they would also reduce the size of the internal transport fuel market in the country, allowing for greater resources to export

¡ Zero tail-pipe emissions will benefit air quality in cities

¡ Low maintenance, there is no need to lubricate the engine

¡ Reduced noise pollution

¡ New manufacturing opportunities

Developing a charging network and incentivizing take up

Many cities and countries are offering incentives for the take up of electric vehicles. Cities are using their planning powers to encourage developers to include charging stations in their developments. In the UK, cities are being incentivized by the government to roll-out charging infrastructure. The government has awarded 182 million SAR to four cities funding to roll out rapid charging hubs, street lighting doubling as charge points and other benefits to electric vehicle drivers, such as reductions on road tolling charges or access to bus lanes.

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Making the most of water resources

The government has set some very challenging targets around water resources. These include

¡ Decreasing water used in agriculture from 416 percent to 191 percent of total renewable water

¡ Increasing percentage of cities covered with water and sewerage services through the National Water Company from 42 to 70 percent

¡ Increasing the proportion of tariff to actual water cost from 30 percent to 100 percent

¡ Decrease water loss from 25 percent to 15 percent

Water is a precious resource. It is inherently linked to energy use as well. The two sectors must be tackled together. Water supply needs to combine renewable energy use with either purification or desalinisation techniques. 20 percent of Perth, Australia’s water supply comes from desalinization. The power supply for the plant comes entirely from a wind energy farm. The plant also optimizes

energy use to minimize its demand. Highly efficient motors and drives operate at the plant and uniform technologies and tools facilitate plant maintenance. This combination can ensure a sustainable water supply in Saudi Arabia also.

Wastewater treatment provides another opportunity to generate renewable sources of energy. The anaerobic digestion of sewage and other biodegradable waste streams results in the production of biogas. This can be used for cooling or cooking, vehicle fuel or as a fuel for power plants.

The automation and digitalization of water treatment processes can substantially improve energy efficiency at the plant level, particularly as treatment accounts for between 40-60 percent of energy use.

Reducing water loss and maintaining networks

Around 25 percent of drinking water is currently lost in the country. Tackling this has been identified as a priority. Smart valves and pipes, hydraulic modelling, water metering and demand control all reduce water loss and maximise revenues.

Eastern Province Water Transmission System, Saudi Arabia

The 110km pipeline has a capacity of 410,000 m3 per day. Using the existing instrumentation and communication systems, Siemens developed a system to identify leakages smaller than 3% of nominal flow.

Using SIWA LEAK and the installation of SIMATIC PCS 7 Siemens provided a system with high operational and supply safety through automatic detection and the localization of leakages. Most importantly reducing operational costs and the loss of valuable water.

Siemens' SIWA leak solution contains two modules for leak-detection for controlling complex water distribution networks and also leakage-detection in water transport pipelines. Metering and monitoring flows combined with SCADA systems allow the rapid detection and location of water leakages and reduction of losses. In addition to monitoring and managing leaks, smart metering can increase revenues by ensuring accurate readings of water consumption. Older mechanical meters typically become less accurate at recording flows over time resulting in underestimation of water use and loss of revenue. New meter models correct these issues, guaranteeing longer usage lives of equipment. Smart meters include transmitters which communicate data continuously so they can also effectively track usage and detect leaks.

Planning new networks

Planning effective networks will ensure that systems are efficient and do not waste valuable resources. Saudi Arabia is planning to increase coverage of water and sewage systems from 42 to 70 percent in cities by 2020. Getting this right will save money, water and energy resources, all central to Vision 2030. SIWA Concept and operator training systems enables water managers to plan and design networks and optimize the training of operators. SIWA concept is a network simulator, allowing for validation and scenario planning.

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Cities must play a leading role in delivering the three pillars of Vision 2030. They aim to create a vibrant, ambitious and thriving nation. Prioritizing smart infrastructure in cities will create greater connections and communication between sectors and improve quality of life. It will allow them to

operate effectively and flexibly. Generate new sources of revenue, whilst becoming more economically competitive and attractive to businesses and investment. Smart infrastructure will deliver a smart and resilient Saudi Arabia.

Cities; the pathway to a smart Kingdom

Vibrant

Ambitious Thriving

Smart Infrastructure

Ambitious

Environmental Resilliance

Security

Thriving

Vibrant

Ambitious

Security

Thriving

Vibrant



Ambitious

Security

Thriving

Vibrant



2016 2020 2025 2030

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Multiple stakeholders will play a role in driving forward and delivering the government’s vision. Government and city leaders understand very well the challenges they face. Siemens can work in partnership with the government and cities to develop and deliver technology solutions across a wide range of sectors. Coupled with strong leadership, vision and effective planning, technological solutions can be deployed that drive huge and positive change within the engines of Saudi Arabia’s future growth - its cities.

This section summarizes some of the technological solutions available through Siemens. It also shows the benefits these solutions bring and their fit with key priorities set by the government to deliver their vision.

Smart city technologies

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9.5 gigawatts of renewable energy

• Concentrated Solar

• Wind

• Solar PV

• Smart Grid

• Smart Monitoring

• District Cooling

• Smart Storage

Smart Energy

People & Culture Governance & Efficiency

AMBITIOUSVIBRANT

Smart Water Smart Buildings Smart Safety

Business & Economy

THRIVING

Smart Transport Smart Government Smart Logistics

• Leakage detection

• Desalination

• Water automation systems

• Quality Monitoring and Supervisory Control

• Building Automation and Management

• Building efficiency monitoring

• Fire safety systems

• Smart Storage

• V2X system

• Automated train operation

• Integrated traffic management

• Rail signalling

• Passenger Information Systems

• Streetlighting

• E-bus and E-BRT

• Tram

• Metro

• Congestion charge

• City tolling

• Smart Parking

• Smart City Hub • Renewable Energy

• Smart Grid

• SIHARBOR

• eHighway

• Integrated Truck Guidance

• Less water consumption

• Reduced water loss from networks

• Increased revenue generation

• Reduced GHGs (if combined with RE)

• More resilient

• Reduced maintenance costs

• Reduced energy losses on grid

• Increased revenue generation

• Reduced GHGs

• More resilient

• Reduced maintenance costs

• Reduced energy use

• Optimized performance of systems

• Reduced water use

• Reduced GHGs

• Better working environment

• Safer and more secure buildings

• Safer

• Reduced congestion

• Improved air quality

• Reduced energy use

• Safer

• Increased capacity


• Air pollution

• Greenhouse gases

• Resilience

• More efficient

• Transparency

• Better service

• Improved communication with Saudis

• Resilience

• Reduced air pollution


• More efficient

• Reduced GHGs

• Reduced energy costs

• Reduced noise pollution

By 2020 decrease water loss from 25% to 15%

30% reduction in energy use from buildings

Decrease death rates from 27 to 20 deaths or less per 100,000 population from traffic accidents

30% increase in capacity of existing and efficiency of new Metro

30 million Umrah visitors by 2030

Decrease average stay of containers in ports from 14 to 5 days by 2020

Outcomes

City Benefits

Smart Solutions

Smart Sector

Pillar Focus

Vision 2030 Pillar

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Concentrated Solar Mirrors concentrate the incident solar radiation onto a receiver where it is converted into heat that is used to produce steam to drive a steam turbine.

Where this is happening: Lebrija, Spain – consisting of 400,000 square meters of mirrors, the site generates 50 MW

Solar PV Solar Photovoltaics (PV) converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar PV has an established small and medium-sized application, such as off-grid rooftop PV systems. Additional on grid-connected solar PV systems at utility-scale are now developing.

Where this is happening: De Aar and Droogfonatin, South Africa – two plants with a 50 MW capacity

Wind Wind turbines can be used to drive electrical power generator. Wind turbines can be established both onshore and offshore.

Where this is happening: West Wind onshore wind farm, New Zealand – 62 turbines generate 142 MW, enough to power 70,000 homes

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) By making use of the hot exhausts normally emitted as waste, CHP generation significantly reduces fuel consumption compared to conventional power plants and additional boiler equipment to produce heat. Thanks to this, the same electrical and thermal outputs can be achieved at much lower costs, while emissions to the environment are kept to a minimum. CHP plants are typically based on gas and/or steam turbines in simple or combined cycle configuration. In simple cycle, the waste heat generated by a gas turbine is captured in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) or Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB) and used for heating or to produce process steam. In combined cycle CHP it is initially used by a second turbine to produce additional power.

Where this is happening: Fortuna, Duesseldorf, Germany – the

most efficient cogeneration plant in the world with an electrical efficiency of 61.5%

Smart Grid Grid control centers can provide network monitoring, control solutions for load and supply management, with transmission and distribution scheduling applications.

Where this is happening: Maharashtra, India – the power grid has seen its reliability improved with a smart grid. Control Centers in eight cities have seen aggregated technical and commercial losses drop by up to 15%.

Smart Metering Meter data management provides a complete system of communication systems, components and meters that measure and visualize consumption. This can be used to inform and affect consumer behavior.

Where this is happening: Brazil - Integration of smart metering with CPFL Energia has supported the planned installation of seven million metering points.

District Cooling A district cooling plant can meet the cooling needs of many buildings, using electricity or natural gas for power and also utilizing freshwater, seawater or recycled water as the cooling agent. Water chilled at a central location is delivered by pipelines to buildings in the network. The centrally located model of district cooling also means developers benefit from reduced capital and operating costs, less-frequent maintenance, space savings, and lower power usage over more traditional air-conditioning systems. District cooling systems consume up to 50% less power than a traditional air conditioning system comprised of split units or rooftop chillers. Combining with solar thermal power station would make operation entirely greenhouse gas emission free.

Where this is happening: Motor City, Dubai, UAE- providing refrigeration to 4,500 customers including residents, retailers and the autodrome racing track area

Smart Storage Smart energy storage systems provide a buffer for peak load and generation periods in networks. Surplus electricity can be broken down into oxygen and hydrogen, which can be stored and then used at a later date when demand is higher or fed into the gas grid. This process will enable renewable energies to be harnessed more flexibly to dynamically meet fluctuations in demand.

Where this is happening: Mainz, Germany

Leakage detection Software packages using statistical analysis can detect leaks in dynamic water flows. Reducing losses by permanent monitoring and detection of new and existing leaks in distribution networks.

Where this is happening: Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province Water Transmission System, a Siemens leak detection system oversees 110km of pipeline, detecting leaks at less than 3% of nominal flow.

Desalination The removal of minerals from saline water, generally from seawater desalination refers to the removal of salts andminerals from a target substance, for human consumption or irrigation.

Where this is happening: Seawater desalination plant, Al Hidd, Bahrain – the largest multi effect distillation seawater desalination plant in the world with a capacity of 408,000m³/d

Water automation systems Water Decision Support Systems such as Siemens' SIWA, is based on an installed automation system, that helps the water utility to increase the operation performance in regards to cost efficiency, availability and resilience.

Where this is happening: ISKI Asia zone pump stations, Istanbul, Turkey - provider for local control stations, medium- and low-voltage installation, as well as drives and related equipment for the 16,900 km network

Water transportation SIMATIC automation technology operates and monitors the transportation of water along long distances.

Where this is happening: Oguz - Gabala – Baku water pipeline in Azerbeijan - The automation of the 262 km pipeline providing 432,000 m³/d to Baku

Building Automation and Management Automation solutions create the best possible work and life conditions by reducing both energy consumption and GHG emissions. Utilizing easy to use operate products, optimal room climate and tailored solutions for maximum energy efficiency can be achieved.

Where this is happening: Tornado Tower, Doha, Qatar - Siemens created a customized Total Building Solution for building automation, power distribution, fire protection, and security, including alarm management, logs, schedulers, and remote access

Building efficiency monitoring Building Performance Optimization (BPO) provides continuous optimization of building automation and controlsystems in order to reduce energy costs and total operation costs through reduction in complaints and failures.

Where this is happening: Darmstadt University, Germany - uses the Siemens Desigo management system to analyze the impact of the energy efficiency measure on energy consumption.

Demand Flow Siemens Demand Flow optimizes central chilled water systems within buildings to reduce a plant’s total energy consumption by up to 50% using Variable Pressure Curve Technology

Where this is happening: WAFI, Dubai, United Arab Emirates – providing guaranteed energy savings of €320,000 a year

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Fire safety systems Reliably, fast and error-free fire detection systems ensure the people and assets are safe and protected though intelligent technology and early detection.

Where this is happening: King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia – new fire protection system throughout the whole campus.

V2X system Vehicle-to-X systems optimizes traffic flow and reduce tail backs in heavy traffic. By developing communication networks between vehicles and road management systems, traffic safety is increased and accident rates lowered.

Where this is happening: Germany’s A9 highway with a V2X system has seen 35% fewer accidents and 31% fewer people injured on the road since the introduction of the system.

Automated train operation Automatic train control systems continuously monitor all train movements and provide fail-safe signaling. They take care for a maximum of safety and efficiency.

Where this is happening: Line 10 Beijing Subway, Beijing, China – At 57km, this is the world’s largest Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) Metro system

Integrated Traffic management Traffic light switching plans can prioritize certain direction lanes depending on the time of day or the specific situation; variable message signs can be used to adapt speed limits in dangerous situations. The Sitraffic traffic center platform allows a wide range of applications.

Where this is happening: Traffic Control Center, Berlin, Germany – The center collects data from eight traffic management systems, 2,000 traffic lights and 100 video cameras.

Rail signalling Signaling systems and railway automation components are crucial for the availability of the entire railway system. The

active devices and systems in signaling systems and railway automation solutions, such as point operating systems and signals, are crucial for the availability of the entire railway system.

Where this is happening: Haramain High Speed Rail, Saudi Arabia – providing all signaling and train control systems for the 450 km line

Passenger Information Systems Passenger information systems ensure staff and passengers alike have access to the right information and the right time and in the right place.

Where this is happening: New York City, USA - Subway network of over 500 stations equipped with passenger information and public address systems

Street Lighting Effective and efficient street lighting increases public safety and security both on the road and on the sidewalk. Intelligent replacement and upgrade projects can address both economy and ecology as street lighting is one of the biggest energy consumers for municipalities.

Where this is happening: Manchester, United Kingdom - successfully moved from halogen to LED lights, reducing monthly energy consumption from 1 million kWh a month to 480,000 kWh

E-bus & E-BRT Electric equipment of buses provide for a better environment and reduction in service cost. Systems can operate without overhead contact lines by integrating high-power storage units and intelligent charging.

Where this is happening: Vienna, Austria - introduced fully electric buses seen 25% less energy requirements, with emission-free operation

Tram Tram systems provide complete light rial solutions that enhance

inner-city mobility with medium capacity, turnkey solutions. Tram systems foster reduced emissions as they limit emissions from traditionally fueled buses and private cars.

Where this is happening: Qatar Education City, Doha, Qatar – trunkey construction of tram system including signaling and communications systems, electrification and depot. Siemens is providing 19 Avenio trams to ruin the 11.5 km route, serving 25 stations. The trams will be equipped with the Sitras HES energy storage system from Siemens, with energy being supplied at the tram stops

Metro Complete metro systems with high capacity that enhances inner-city mobility and increases the attractiveness of public transport. Metro systems allow fast, efficient and comfortable transport.

Where this is happening: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - Siemens driverless metro system will cover 63 km handling 21,000 passengers per hour

Congestion charging and tolling Demand Management, Dynamic Tolling and Congestion Charging schemes provide benefits to operators and users alike by controlling traffic, reducing congestion and helping to lower the cost of driving. In doing so, they enable the guidance of traffic to lower density routes and ensure mobility in congested urban areas. Dynamic tolls can also be based on the current traffic demand. The toll is charged to the minute, with the exact amount being indicated on the variable message signs.

Where this is happening: London, United Kingdom – Siemens installed and operates the detection and enforcement Infrastructure for the congestion charge zone. Traffic in London has fallen by 20% and traffic jams by a third.

Smart City Hub City hubs will offer an interactive one stop for public transportation information, municipal communication, cultural and entertainment information, maps and wayfinding and advertising and other services. In addition the hubs will be wifi

hotspots and bluetooth enabled. A companion app will simplify the process of saving results to handheld devices.

Where this is happening: In development

SIHARBOR With the SIHARBOR shore connection system, berthed ships can draw the needed energy from onshore and shut down their onboard generators. They meet the strong environmental regulations that are being taken for ports worldwide in the most efficient way.

Where this is happening : Hamburg, Germany - Providing the cruise ship terminal with an energy solution that has significantly reduced both air and noise pollution

eHighway This new concept for the electrification of road-freight traffic provides overhead lines to deliver electricity to hybrid-drive trucks. This infrastructure allows for regular freight routes to be electrified and emissions to be reduced.

Where this is happening: Los Angeles, USA - The demonstration project addresses significant air quality issues andshows the feasibility of a zero-emission cargo movement system.

Integrated Truck Guidance An integrated truck guidance system allows truck drivers to use a smartphone app to log into a system where GPS is used to determine their positions. Drivers, logistics providers, and terminal operators know at a glance whether the planned and estimated times of arrival match up. Though this it is possible to create even more efficient logistics processes.

Where this is happening: Duisburg, Germany - The world’s largest inland port has increased handling volumes provided additional growth through automation technology and digitalization with integrated truck guidance

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Pillar one: A Vibrant society

Appendix 1Vision 2030 pillars and supporting commitments and targets

Commitments Goals by 2030 Specific targets (2030 and 2020 NTP)

With strong roots To increase our capacity to welcome Umrah visitors from 8 million to 30 million every year

¡ Serve Umrah visitors in the best ways possible

¡ The largest Islamic museum

¡ 15m Umrah visitors by 2020 and 30 million by 2030

¡ Hajj visitor increase from 1.5 m to 2.5m by 2020

¡ Increase hotel rooms and apartments from 446.5k to 621k

¡ Tourist facilities increase from 52k to 77k

With fulfilling lives

To more than double the number of Saudi heritage sites registered with UNESCO ¡ Promoting culture and entertainment

¡ Living healthy, being healthy

¡ Developing our cities

¡ Achieving environmental sustainability

¡ “DAEM” meaningful entertainment for citizens

¡ Caring for our families

¡ Developing our children’s character

¡ Empowering our society

¡ Caring for our health

¡ Decrease death rates from 27 to 20 deaths per 100,000 population from traffic accidents

¡ Increase electricity generation capacity reserve from 10 to 12% by 2020

¡ Increase home ownership by 5% by 2020 (currently 47%)

¡ By 2020 decrease % of water used in agriculture from 416% to 191% of total renewable water

¡ By 2020 Increase % of cities covered with water and sewerage services through the National water company from 42 to 70%

¡ By 2020 Increase the % of tariff to actual water cost from 30% to 100%

¡ By 2020 Decrease water loss from 25% to 15%

To have three Saudi cities be recognized in the top-ranked 100 cities in the world

To increase household spending on cultural and entertainment activities inside the Kingdom from the current level of 2.9% to 6%

To increase the ratio of individuals exercising at least once a week from 13% of population to 40%

With strong families

To raise our position from 26 to 10 in the Social Capital index ¡ Corporatization efficient and high quality health care

¡ “IRTIQAA” A more prominent role for families in education of their children

To increase the average life expectancy from 74 years to 80 years

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Pillar two: A thriving economy

Goals by 2030 Commitments Specific targets (2030 and 2020 NTP)

Rewarding opportunities Investing for the long term

To increase women’s participation in the workforce from 22% to 30% ¡ Learning for working

¡ Boosting our small businesses and productive families

¡ Providing equal opportunities

¡ Education that contributes to economic growth

¡ Attracting the talents we need

To lower the rate of unemployment from 11.6% to 7%

To increase SME contribution to GDP from 20% to 35%

To move from our current position as the 19th largest economy in the world into the top 15 ¡ Maximizing our investment capabilities

¡ Launching our promising sectors

¡ Privatizing our government services

¡ Localized defense industries

¡ A mining sector contributing to the national economy at full potential

¡ A renewable energy market

¡ By 2020 Increase % of localisation of jobs in the private sector from 19% to 24%

¡ By 2020 Increase total non oil revenues from 163.5 to 530 billion SAR

¡ By 2020 Reduce water and power subsidies by 200 billion SAR

¡ Mining to reach SAR 97 billion by 2020, creating 90,000 jobs.

¡ Build up RE sector especially solar and wind power. Local energy consumption will increase three fold by 2030.

¡ 9.5 gigawatts of renewable energy. Localize a renewable energy value chain.

To increase the localization of oil and gas sectors from 40% to 75%

To increase the Public Investment Fund’s assets, from SAR 600 billion to over 7 trillion

Open for business

To rise from our current position of 25 to the top 10 countries on the Global Competitiveness Index

¡ Improving the business environment

¡ Rehabilitating economic cities

¡ Establishing special economic zones

¡ Increasing the competitiveness of the energy sector

¡ A restructured King Abdullah Financial District

¡ A flourishing retail sector

¡ A developed digital infrastructure

Partner with the private sector to develop the telecommunications and information technology infrastructure, especially high-speed broadband, expanding its coverage and capacity within and around cities and improving its quality. Our specific goal is to exceed 90% housing coverage

To increase foreign direct investment from 3.8% to the international level of 5.7% of GDP

To increase the private sector’s contribution from 40% to 65% of GDP

Leveraging its unique position

To raise our global ranking in the Logistics Performance Index from 49 to 25 and ensure the Kingdom is a regional leader

¡ Building a unique regional logistical hub

¡ Integrating regionally and internationally

¡ Supporting our national companies

¡ Decrease average stay of containers in ports from 14 to 5 days by 2020

¡ Increase number of daily scheduled trips for passenger and cargo trains from 31 to 50 daily trips by 2020

¡ Decrease the number of passenger and cargo train accidents from 215 to 40 annually by 2020

To raise the share of non-oil exports in non-oil GDP from 16% to 50%

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Pillar three: An ambitious nation

Goals by 2030 Commitments Specific targets (2030 and 2020 NTP)

Effectively governed

To increase non-oil government revenue from SAR 163 billion to SAR 1 Trillion

¡ Embracing transparency

¡ Protecting our vital resources

¡ Engaging everyone

¡ Commitment to efficient spending and balanced finances

¡ Organizing ourselves with agility

¡ King Salman program for human capital development

¡ Shared services to our government agencies

¡ “QAWAM”:Increasing spending efficiency

¡ Effective e-government

To raise our ranking in the Government Effectiveness Index, from 80 to 20

To raise our ranking on the E-Government Survey Index from our current position of 36 to be among the top five nations

Responsibly enabled To increase household savings from 6% to 10% of total household income

¡ Being responsible for our lives

¡ Being responsible for our business

¡ Being responsible to society

¡ A more impactful non-profit sector

74 75


Siemens can work in partnership with the government and cities to develop and deliver technology solutions

across a wide range of sectors.

Notes

The Crystal 1 Siemens Brothers Way Royal Victoria Dock London E16 1GB

© 2016 Siemens plc.

Pete Daw ([email protected])

Baschar Kassar ([email protected])

Tristan More ([email protected])

Martin Powell ([email protected])

Smart Cities Saudi Arabia - Siemens Saudi Arabia Website · Smart Cities Saudi Arabia November 2016 November 2016 Smart Cities Saudi Arabia Introduction The ... population that has

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