Top Banner
AW101 Occupational Safety and Health Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 1 AW101 Occupational Safety And Health 1 1 Chapter 7 Occupational First Aid 2 Contents Understand First Aid Understand first-aid equipment Understand basic rules of first-aid Understand basic first-aid and treatment Practice proper safety methods of first-aid equipment. Practice proper and safe methods in conducting Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). 3 Content 1-3 7.1 Understand first-aid 7.1.1 Define first aid 7.2 Understand first-aid equipment 7.2.1 Define first-aid equipment 7.2.2 Identify first-aid equipment 7.2.3 Apply first-aid equipment 4
18

Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

Mar 28, 2015

Download

Documents

Fakrul Fajeri
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 1

AW101 Occupational Safety

And Health 1

1

Chapter 7 Occupational First Aid

2

Contents• Understand First Aid

• Understand first-aid equipment

• Understand basic rules of first-aid

• Understand basic first-aid and treatment

• Practice proper safety methods of first-aid

equipment.

• Practice proper and safe methods in

conducting Cardio Pulmonary

Resuscitation (CPR).3

Content 1-3

7.1 Understand first-aid

7.1.1 Define first aid

7.2 Understand first-aid equipment

7.2.1 Define first-aid equipment

7.2.2 Identify first-aid equipment

7.2.3 Apply first-aid equipment

4

Page 2: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 2

Content 2-37.3 Understand basic rules of first-aid

7.3.1 Explain the basic rules of first-aid

7.4 Understand basic first-aid and treatment

7.4.1 Explain burns and scalds

7.4.2 Explain bleedings

7.4.3 Explain shock

7.4.4 Explain bone fractures

7.4.5 Explain poisoning

7.4.6 Explain Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

(CPR)5

Content 3-3

7.5 Practice proper safety methods of first-aid equipment.

7.6 Practice proper and safe methods in conducting Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

6

DEFINITION

First Aid

7

What First Aid?

• Definition

The provision of first-aid facilities,

services and personnel required

for the initial treatment of

persons suffering from injury or

illness at a workplace.Source : GUIDELINES ON FIRST-AID FACILITIES IN THE WORKPLACE; DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCES MALAYSIA, 1996

8

Page 3: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 3

What is First Aid Facilities?

• Definition first aid equipment;

�* a first-aid box;

�* a first-aid room; and

�* first-aid equipment, for example, oxygen equipment and a stretcher

Source : GUIDELINES ON FIRST-AID FACILITIES IN THE WORKPLACE; DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCES MALAYSIA, 1996

9

Others Terms 1-2

• First-aid requirements - means the requirement for first aid facilities, services and personnel at a workplace.

• First-aid services - means any procedure or method associated with the provision of first-aid at a workplace

10

Others Terms 2-2

• First-aider - means a person who has

successfully completed a first-aid course

conducted by an institution recognized by the

Ministry of Health and has been awarded with a

certificate of proficiency in first-aid treatment

• Occupational health services.- means a

specialised service for the purpose of

conserving, promoting and restoring the health

of employee at a workplace

11

FACILITY & EQUIPMENTS

First Aid

12

Page 4: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 4

Major Components

1. First-aider (personnel)

2. First-aid box

3. First-aid room

4. First-aid requirement

13

1.First Aider

• First-aider means a person who has successfully completed a first-aid course and has been awarded with a certificate of proficiency in first-aid by an institution listed in Appendix 1.

14

Appendix 1

15

2.First Aid Box

16

Page 5: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 5

Contents of a First-Aid Box

Adobe Acrobat

Document

17

Checklist for First-Aid Box

Adobe Acrobat

Document

18

3.First Aid Room

19

Facilities For First Aid Room

Adobe Acrobat

Document

20

Page 6: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 6

Typical Layout First Aid Room

21

4. First-Aid Requirement

• 1.Provision for Mass Casualties

• 2.Special Instructions

• 3.Protective Clothing and Equipment

• 4.Cleaning Up

22

4. First-Aid Requirement

1.Provision for Mass Casualties

• In a workplace where there is a potential risk of mass casualties, provisions should be made for a safe place for evacuation and for the availability of adequate equipment e.g. stretchers, wheelchairs, sheets, bandages, blankets, etc

23

4. First-Aid Requirement

2.Special Instructions

• Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS) for that hazardous chemical kept in a conspicuous place close to each location where it used and shall be easily accessible to the employees (Chemicals hazardous to health are as in USECHH Regulations 2000).

24

Page 7: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 7

4. First-Aid Requirement

3.Protective Clothing and Equipment

• Protective clothing and equipment should be provided where there is a possibility that the first-aider may need protection to avoid becoming a casualty himself while administering first-aid.

25

4. First-Aid Requirement

4.Cleaning Up

• First-aiders should wash their hands or any other surfaces of their body splashed with blood or other body fluids as soon as possible with soap and water.

• Contaminated surfaces should be cleansed and disinfected.

26

RULES & TREATMENT

First Aid

27

Basic Rules of First Aid

�Save life

�To avoid even worse injury to victim

�To reduce paint

�To manage further treatment at hospital

28

Page 8: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 8

First-Aid & Treatment

�Burns and scalds

�Bleedings

�Shock

�Bone fractures

�Poisoning

�Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

29

First Aid - Burn and scalds• Burn injury can be avoid by avoiding hot

source and use appropriate PPE.

• Burn divided into 3 category;

i) First Degree

ii) Second Degree

iii) Third Degree

30

Skin Anatomy• The skin is the largest

organ of the body. The skin and its derivatives (hair, nails, sweat and oil glands) make up the integumentary system. One of the main functions of the skin is protection. It protects the body from external factors such as bacteria, chemicals, and temperature

31

Burn - First Degree• Damage skin surface only, such

as sunburn.

• The symptom is:

- Redness of skin. &

Pain on the skin.

32

Page 9: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 9

Burn - First Degree• The treatment is avoiding / remove source of

heat. Cooling skin with cool water or skin cream. Do not use ice, may cause frostbite.

33

Burn - First Degree

• Minor Burn First Aid

34

Burn - Second Degree

• Damage skin surface and tissue underneath. Symptom is:

i) Redness & Blistering

ii) Feel very paint around the area that burn, but not feel the pain at the center of the area.

35

Burn - Second Degree

• Treatment ; avoid / remove heat source. Cool with water about 10 minute and wrap with sterile bandage.

• Don’t cut blister, may cause infection. Blister may disappear in 2 days.

• Danger to life if burn area more

then 9% of body part.

36

Page 10: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 10

Burn – Third Degree• Destroy skin surface and tissue

underneath.

• Symptom is;

Gray / black / burn-out skin. Blistering on the skin.

37

Burn – Third Degree• Treatment – avoid / remove from heat source.

Cool with water for 10 minute. Loose bandage the area.

• Don’t use ice or cut the blister. Get immediate treatment because may cause death if more then 9% of body area involved.

38

Rules of 9’sFastest method to estimate

percentage of body burn area

�Second Class – may treat life if

more the 9% of body burn.

�Third Class – need immediate

treatment because usually treat

life even only 9% of the body burn.

39

First-Aid Bleedings• First aid is appropriate for

external bleeding.

• Calm and reassure the person.

The sight of blood can be very

frightening.

• Lay the person down. This

reduces the chances of fainting

by increasing blood flow to the

brain. When possible, raise up the

part of the body that is bleeding.

• Put pressure directly on an outer

wound with a sterile bandage,

clean cloth, or even a piece of

clothing. If nothing else is

available, use your hand.

• DO NOT apply a tourniquet to

control bleeding, except as a last

resort. Doing so may cause more

harm than good. A tourniquet

should be used only in a life-

threatening situation and should

be applied by an experienced

person

• DO NOT try to clean a large

wound. This can cause heavier

bleeding

• DO NOT try to clean a wound after

you get the bleeding under

control. Get medical help

40

Page 11: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 11

Apply Direct Pressure

• Bleeding from most injuries can be stopped by applying direct pressure to the injury. This keeps from cutting off the blood supply

to the affected limb.

41

Apply Tourniquets• When there is severe bleeding

where a major artery has been

severed, pressure may be

insufficient and a tourniquet

may be necessary.

Tourniquets are an effective

way of stopping bleeding from

an extremity. They do,

however, stop circulation to

the affected extremity and

should ONLY be used when

other methods, such as

pressure dressings, have

failed (or are likely to fail).

Pressure from tourniquets

must be relieved periodically

to prevent damage to the

tissue from lack of oxygen.42

Apply Tourniquets

43

1

2

3

4

Apply Pressure & Ice• Bleeding from most

injuries can be stopped

by applying direct pressure to the injury.

This keeps from cutting off the blood supply to

the affected limb. When there is severe bleeding,

where a major artery has been severed, pressure

may be insufficient and a tourniquet may be

necessary.

44

Page 12: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 12

First-Aid Shock• Shock is a severe

condition that occurs when not enough blood flows through the body, causing very low blood pressure, a lack of urine, and cell and tissue damage

45

First-Aid Shock• Check the person's airway,

breathing, and circulation.

• If the person is conscious and

does NOT have an injury to the

head, leg, neck, or spine, Lay the

person on the back and elevate

the legs about 12 inches. Do NOT

elevate the head. If raising the

legs will cause pain or potential

harm, leave the person lying flat.

• Give appropriate first aid for any

wounds, injuries, or illnesses.

• Keep the person warm and

comfortable. Loosen tight

clothing.

• IF THE PERSON VOMITS OR

DROOLS

• Turn the head to one side so he or

she will not choke.

• Do Not:

• Do NOT give the person anything

by mouth, including anything to

eat or drink.

• Do NOT move the person with a

known or suspected spinal injury.

• Do NOT wait for milder shock

symptoms to worsen before

calling for emergency medical

help.

46

First Aid Bone fractures

47

Treatment bone fractures

Causes:

• Fall from a height

• Motor vehicle accidents

• Direct blow

• Repetitive forces, such as those caused by running, can cause stress fractures of the foot, ankle, tibia, or hip

48

Page 13: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 13

Treatment bone fractures

Symptoms:

• A visibly out-of-place or misshapen limb or joint

• Swelling, bruising, or bleeding

• Intense pain, Numbness and tingling

• Broken skin with bone protruding

• Limited mobility or inability to move a limb

49

Treatment bone fracturesFirst Aid:

• Keep the person still and calm.

• Examine the person closely for other injuries.

• If needed, immobilize the broken bone with a splint or sling. Possible splints include a rolled up newspaper or strips of wood. Immobilize the area both above and below the injured bone.

• Apply ice packs to reduce pain and swelling.

• Lay the person flat, elevate the feet about 12 inches above the head, and cover the person with a coat or blanket. However, DO NOT move the person if a head, neck, or back injury is suspected.

50

Fracture types (1)Types of bone fracture:

• Oblique - a fracture which goes at an angle to the axis

• Comminuted - a fracture of many relatively small fragments

• Spiral - a fracture which runs around the axis of the bone

• Compound - a fracture (also called open) which breaks the skin

51

Fracture types (2)• Greenstick - an

incomplete fracture in which the bone bends

• Transverse - a fracture that goes across the bone's axis

• Simple - a fracture which does not break the skin

52

Page 14: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 14

First Aid Methods

ankle_splint

arm_splint

elbow_splint

upper_leg_splint

53

Danger of poisons• Persons of any age can become ill if they

come into contact with certain medications,

household pesticides, chemicals, cosmetics,

or plants.

• However, children, in particular, continue to

face a greater risk of unintentional poisoning

death and exposure than adults - not only

because they are smaller, but, also because

they have faster metabolic rates and are less

able physically to handle toxic chemicals.54

Treatment poisoning

• There are many poisonous substances that can potentially turn fatal if inhaled, digested, or absorbed by the body. Listed are some,

�Lead Poisoning

�Food Poisoning

�Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

�Chemical Poisoning and Syrup of Ipecac 55

Swallowed Poisons

• Get the poison away from the child.

• If the substance is still in the child's mouth, make him/her spit it out or remove it with your fingers.

• Call your local poison control center or your child's physician.

• If your child swallowed another substance, describe it as much as you can to help identify it. 56

Page 15: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 15

Syrup of ipecac

What is syrup of ipecac?

• Syrup of ipecac is an emetic (an agent that causes vomiting) made from the dried root of a plant called ipecacuanha that is grown in Brazil.

57

Poisons on the skin

• If your child spills a chemical on her body, remove his/her clothes and rinse the skin with lukewarm - not hot - water. If the area shows signs of being burned, continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes. Then call the poison control center for further advice. Do not use ointments or grease.

58

Poison in the eye

• Flush the eye by holding the eyelid open and pouring a steady stream of lukewarm water (not hot) into the inner corner of the eye. Continue flushing the eye for 15 minutes, and call the poison control center for further instructions. Do not use an eyecup, eyedrops or ointment unless the poison center instructs you to do so.

59

Poisonous fumes or gases

• From the following sources:

• a car running in a closed garage

• leaky gas vents. wood, coal, or kerosene stoves that are not working properly

• If your child breathes in fumes or gases, get him/her into fresh air right away.

• If your child has stopped breathing, start CPR and do not stop until your child breathes on his/her own. 60

Page 16: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 16

Treatment CPR

• Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

61

“CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

• Definition;

CPR is a procedure to support and maintain breathing and

circulation for a person who has stopped breathing (respiratory arrest) and/or whose heart has

stopped (cardiac arrest).

62

CPR Steps

63

CPR Video

C:\Users\AS4937\

Videos\RealPlayer Downloa

F:\Polisas\03-Sem

Jul 2008\E4008 Keselam

64

Page 17: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 17

65

Reference 1

Adobe Acrobat

Document

Adobe Acrobat

Document

66

Reference 2

• First aid equipment, facilities and training

• www.umm.edu , University of Maryland Medical Center

Adobe Acrobat Document

67 68

Page 18: Slide AW101 (16-9) Chapter 7_Occupational First-Aid [Student]

AW101 Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by Mohd Sharif Zakaria, JKE POLISAS 18

69