Slide 8-1. Slide 8-2 Chapter 8 Accounting for Receivables Financial Accounting, Seventh Edition.

Slide 8-1

Slide 8-2

Chapter 8

Accounting for Accounting for ReceivablesReceivables

Financial Accounting, Seventh Edition

Slide 8-3

1. Identify the different types of receivables.

2. Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.

3. Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.

4. Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.

5. Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes receivable.

6. Explain how companies recognize notes receivable.

7. Describe how companies value notes receivable.

8. Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.

9. Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.

Study ObjectivesStudy ObjectivesStudy ObjectivesStudy Objectives

Slide 8-4

Types of Types of

ReceivablesReceivables

Types of Types of

ReceivablesReceivables

Accounts Accounts receivablereceivable

Notes receivableNotes receivable

Other Other receivablesreceivables

Accounts Accounts

ReceivableReceivable

Accounts Accounts

ReceivableReceivableNotes ReceivableNotes ReceivableNotes ReceivableNotes Receivable

Statement Statement Presentation and Presentation and

AnalysisAnalysis

Statement Statement Presentation and Presentation and

AnalysisAnalysis

PresentationPresentation

AnalysisAnalysis

Determining Determining maturity datematurity date

Computing Computing interestinterest

Recognizing Recognizing notes receivablenotes receivable

Valuing notes Valuing notes receivablereceivable

Disposing of Disposing of notes receivablenotes receivable

Recognizing Recognizing accounts accounts receivablereceivable

Valuing accounts Valuing accounts receivablereceivable

Disposing of Disposing of accounts accounts receivablereceivable

Accounting for ReceivablesAccounting for ReceivablesAccounting for ReceivablesAccounting for Receivables

Slide 8-5

Amounts due from individuals and other companies that are expected to be collected in cash.

Amounts owed by customers

that result from the sale of goods and services.

Accounts Accounts ReceivableReceivableAccounts Accounts

ReceivableReceivable

Types of ReceivablesTypes of ReceivablesTypes of ReceivablesTypes of Receivables

SO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.SO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.

Claims for which formal

instruments of credit are

issuedas proof of debt.

“Nontrade” (interest, loans to officers, advances

to employees, and income taxes

refundable).

Notes Notes ReceivableReceivable

Notes Notes ReceivableReceivable

Other Other ReceivableReceivable

ss

Other Other ReceivableReceivable

ss

Slide 8-6

Three accounting issues:

1. Recognizing accounts receivable.

2. Valuing accounts receivable.

3. Disposing of accounts receivable.

Accounts ReceivableAccounts ReceivableAccounts ReceivableAccounts Receivable

SO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.SO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.

The following exercise was illustrated in Chapter 5. For simplicity, inventory and cost of goods sold have been omitted.

Recognizing Accounts Receivable

Slide 8-7

Illustration: Assume that Jordache Co. on July 1, 2010, sells merchandise on account to Polo Company for $1,000 terms 2/10, n/30. Prepare the journal entry to record this transaction on the books of Jordache Co.

Accounts receivable 1,000Jul. 1

Sales1,000

SO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.SO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.

Recognizing Accounts ReceivableRecognizing Accounts ReceivableRecognizing Accounts ReceivableRecognizing Accounts Receivable

Slide 8-8

Illustration: On July 5, Polo returns merchandise worth $100 to Jordache Co.

Sales returns and allowances 100Jul. 5

Accounts receivable100

SO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.SO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.

Recognizing Accounts ReceivableRecognizing Accounts ReceivableRecognizing Accounts ReceivableRecognizing Accounts Receivable

Illustration: On July 11, Jordache receives payment fromPolo Company for the balance due.

Cash 882Jul. 11

Sales discounts ($900 x .02) 18


Slide 8-9

Valuing Accounts Receivables

Are reported as a current asset on the balance sheet.

Are reported at the amount the company thinks they will be able to collect.

Sales on account raise the possibility of accounts not being collected.

Valuation can be difficult because an unknown amount of receivables will become uncollectible.

SO 3 Distinguish between the methods and SO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts bases companies use to value accounts

receivable.receivable.


Slide 8-10

Allowance MethodAllowance Method

Losses are estimated:better matching.

receivable stated at net realizable value.

required by GAAP.

Methods of Accounting for Uncollectible Accounts

Direct Write-OffDirect Write-Off

Theoretically undesirable:

no matching.

receivable not stated at net realizable value.

not acceptable for financial reporting.

Valuing Accounts ReceivableValuing Accounts ReceivableValuing Accounts ReceivableValuing Accounts Receivable



Slide 8-11

AssetsAssets

Current Assets:Current Assets:

CashCash $ 346$ 346

Accounts receivableAccounts receivable 500500

Less: Allowance for doubtful accountsLess: Allowance for doubtful accounts 25 25 475 475

Merchandise inventory Merchandise inventory 812 812

Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses 4040

Total current assetsTotal current assets 1,6731,673



Presentation of Accounts ReceivablePresentation of Accounts ReceivablePresentation of Accounts ReceivablePresentation of Accounts Receivable

Slide 8-12

AssetsAssets

Current Assets:Current Assets:

CashCash $ 346$ 346

Accounts receivable, net of $25 allowanceAccounts receivable, net of $25 allowance

for doubtful accountsfor doubtful accounts 475 475

Merchandise inventory Merchandise inventory 812 812

Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses 4040

Total current assetsTotal current assets 1,6731,673



Presentation of Accounts ReceivablePresentation of Accounts ReceivablePresentation of Accounts ReceivablePresentation of Accounts Receivable

Slide 8-13


Allowance Method for Uncollectible Accounts

1. Companies estimate uncollectible accounts receivable.

2. To record estimated uncollectibles:

Bad Debts Expense xxx

Allowance for Doubtful Accountsxxx

3. To write off uncollectible accounts:

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts xxx

Accounts Receivable xxx



Slide 8-14




Recording Estimated Uncollectibles: Assume that Hampson Furniture has credit sales of $1,200,000 in 2011. Of this amount, $200,000 remains uncollected at December 31. The credit manager estimates that $12,000 of these sales will be uncollectible. The adjusting entry to record the estimated uncollectibles is:

Bad debt expense 12,000Dec. 31 Allowance for doubtful accounts

12,000

Slide 8-15




Illustration 8-2Presentation of allowance for doubtful accounts

Slide 8-16




Recording the Write-Off of an Uncollectible Account:Assume that the financial vice-president of Hampson Furniture authorizes a write-off of the $500 balance owed by R.A.Wareon March 1, 2012.The entry to record the write-off is:

Allowance for doubtful accounts 500Mar. 1


Illustration 8-3

Slide 8-17




Recording the Write-Off of an Uncollectible Account:

The write-off affects only balance sheet accounts.

Illustration 8-3

Illustration 8-4

Slide 8-18

Accounts receivable 500




Recovery of an Uncollectible Account: Assume that on July 1, R. A. Ware pays the $500 amount that Hampson had written off on March 1. These are the entries:

Accounts receivable 500Jul. 1

Allowance for doubtful accounts 500

Cash 500Jul. 1

Slide 8-19

Bases Used for Allowance Method




Illustration 8-5

Slide 8-20

Illustration: Assume that Gonzalez Company elects to usethe percentage-of-sales basis. It concludes that 1% of net credit sales will become uncollectible. If net credit sales for 2011 are $800,000, the adjusting entry is:




Bad debts expense 8,000Dec. 31 Allowance for doubtful accounts

8,000

Percentage-of-Sales

* $800,000 x 1%

*

Slide 8-21

Emphasizes the matching of expenses with revenues.

When the company makes the adjusting entry, it disregards the existing balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.




Percentage-of-Sales

Illustration 8-6

Slide 8-22




Percentage-of-ReceivablesIllustration 8-7Aging schedule

Slide 8-23

Illustration: If the trial balance shows Allowance for Doubtful Accounts with a credit balance of $528, the company will make the following adjusting entry.




Bad debts expense 1,700Dec. 31 Allowance for doubtful accounts

1,700

Percentage-of-Receivables

* $2,228 - 528

*

Slide 8-24

Occasionally the allowance account will have a debit balance prior to adjustment.




Illustration 8-8

Percentage-of-Receivables

Slide 8-25

Percentage of Sales approach:

Summary

Focus on “Bad debt expense” estimate, existing balance in the allowance account is ignored.

Method achieves a matching of expense and revenues.

Percentage of Receivables approach:Accurate valuation of receivables on the balance sheet.

Method may also be applied using an aging schedule.

Existing balance in allowance account considered.SO 3 Distinguish between the methods and SO 3 Distinguish between the methods and

bases companies use to value accounts bases companies use to value accounts receivable.receivable.


Slide 8-26

Slide 8-27

Companies sell receivables for two major reasons.

1. Receivables may be the only reasonable source of cash.

2. Billing and collection are often time-consuming and costly.

SO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts SO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.receivable.


Disposing of Accounts Receivable

Slide 8-28 SO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts SO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts


Disposing of Accounts ReceivableDisposing of Accounts ReceivableDisposing of Accounts ReceivableDisposing of Accounts Receivable

Sale of Receivables

A factor buys receivables from businesses and then collects the payments directly from the customers.

Typically the factor charges a commission to the company that is selling the receivables.

The fee ranges from 1-3% of the amount of receivables purchased.

Slide 8-29

Illustration: Illustration: AAssume that Hendredon Furniture factors$600,000 of receivables to Federal Factors. Federal Factors assesses a service charge of 2% of the amount of receivables sold. The journal entry to record the sale by Hendredon Furniture is as follows.

SO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts SO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.receivable.


Accounts receivable

600,000

Cash 588,000

Service charge expense 12,000

($600,000 x 2% = $12,000)

Slide 8-30




Credit Card Sales

Retailer considers credit card sales the same as cash sales.

Retailer must pay card issuer a fee of 2 to 4% for

processing the transactions.

Retailer records the sale in a similar manner as

checks deposited from cash sale.



Credit Card SalesCredit Card SalesCredit Card SalesCredit Card Sales

Illustration: Illustration: Anita Ferreri purchases $1,000 of compact discs for her restaurant from Karen Kerr Music Co., using her Visa First Bank Card. First Bank charges a service fee of 3%. The entry to record this transaction by Karen Kerr Music is as follows.

Sales

1,000

Cash 970

Service charge expense 30

Slide 8-33 SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes


Notes ReceivableNotes ReceivableNotes ReceivableNotes Receivable

Companies may grant credit in exchange for a promissory note. A promissory note is a written promise to pay a specified amount of money on demand or at a definite time.

Promissory notes may be used:

1. when individuals and companies lend or borrow money,

2. when amount of transaction and credit period exceed normal limits, or

3. in settlement of accounts receivable.

Slide 8-34 SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes



To the Payee, the promissory note is a note receivable.

To the Maker, the promissory note is a note payable.

Illustration 8-10

Slide 8-35

Determining the Maturity Date

SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes receivable.receivable.


Note expressed in terms of

Months

Days Illustration 8-

12

Slide 8-36

Illustration 8-14

Determining the Maturity DateIllustration 8-13

SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes SO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes receivable.receivable.


Slide 8-37 SO 6 Explain how companies recognize notes receivable.SO 6 Explain how companies recognize notes receivable.

Illustration: Illustration: Assuming that Calhoun Company wrote $1,000, two-month, 12% promissory note to settle an open account, Wilma Company makes the following entry for the receipt of the note.

Notes receivable 1,000

Accounts receivable 1,000

Recognizing Notes Receivable


Slide 8-38

Valuing Notes Receivable

SO 7 Describe how companies value notes receivable.SO 7 Describe how companies value notes receivable.


Like accounts receivable, companies report short-term notes receivable at their cash (net) realizable value.

Estimation of cash realizable value and bad debts expense are done similarly to accounts receivable.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is used.

Slide 8-39

Disposing of Notes Receivable

SO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes SO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.receivable.


1. Notes may be held to their maturity date.

2. Maker may default and payee must make an adjustment to the account.

3. Holder speeds up conversion to cash by selling the note receivable.

Slide 8-40

Honor of Notes Receivable



A note is honored when its maker pays it in full at its maturity date.

Dishonor of Notes Receivable

A dishonored note is not paid in full at maturity.

A dishonored note receivable is no longer negotiable.

Disposing of Notes Receivable

Slide 8-41



Illustration: Assume that Betty Co. lends Wayne Higley Inc. $10,000 on June 1, accepting a five-month, 9% interest-bearing note. Assuming that Betty Co. presents the note to Wayne Higley Inc. on the maturity date, Betty Co.’s entry to record the collection is:

Cash 10,375Nov. 1


Honor of Notes Receivables

Interest revenue 375

Slide 8-42



Illustration: If Betty Co. prepares financial statements as of September 30, it must accrue interest. Betty Co. would make an adjusting entry to record 4 months’ interest.

Interest receivable 300Sept. 30



Slide 8-43



Illustration: The entry by Betty Co. to record the honoring of the Wayne Higley Inc. note on November 1 is:

Cash 10,375Nov. 1



Interest receivable 300

Interest revenue 75

Slide 8-44

Illustration: Assume that Wayne Higley Inc. on November 1 indicates that it cannot pay at the present time. If Betty Co. does expect eventual collection, it would make the following entry at the time the note is dishonored (assuming no previous accrual of interest).



Accounts receivable 10,375Nov. 1


Dishonor of Notes Receivables


Slide 8-45

Presentation

SO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of SO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.receivables.

Statement Presentation and AnalysisStatement Presentation and AnalysisStatement Presentation and AnalysisStatement Presentation and Analysis

Identify in the balance sheet or in the notes each major type of receivable.

Report short-term receivables as current assets.

Report both gross amount of receivables and allowance for doubtful account.

Report bad debts expense and service charge expense as selling expenses.

Report interest revenue under “Other revenues and gains.”

B/S

I/S

Slide 8-46

Analysis

This Ratio used to:

Assess the liquidity of the receivables.

Measure the number of times, on average, a company collects receivables during the period.



Illustration 8-15

Slide 8-47

Variant of the accounts receivable turnover ratio is average collection period in terms of days.

Used to assess effectiveness of credit and collection policies.

Collection period should not exceed credit term period.



AnalysisIllustration 8-

16

Slide 8-48

According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, there were 159 million credit cardholders in the United States in 2000 and 173 million in 2006; that number is projected to grow to 181 million Americans by 2010.

In 2006, the U.S. Census Bureau determined that there were nearly 1.5 billion credit cards in use in the U.S. A stack of all those credit cards would reach more than 70 miles into space—and be almost as tall as 13 Mount Everests.

Should You Be Carrying Plastic?

Slide 8-49

In a recent year, Americans charged more than $1 trillion in purchases with their credit cards. That was more than they spent in cash.

Credit card defaults—the failure to make a payment on a debt by the due date—sprouted in February 2009 to a 20-year-high.

74% of monthly college spending is with cash and debit cards. Only 7% is with credit cards.

The average college graduate has nearly $20,000 in debt; average credit card debt has increased 47% between 1989 and 2004 for 25- to 34-year-olds and 11% for 18- to 24-year-olds. Nearly one in five 18-to 24-year-olds is in “debt hardship,” up from 12% in 1989.

Foreclosure filings nationwide soared 30% in January 2009 over the same month in the previous year. Nevada, California, and Florida had the highest foreclosure rates. One in every 440 U.S. homes received a foreclosure filing in February 2009.

Slide 8-50

Slide 8-51

Should you cut up your credit card(s)?

YES: Americans are carrying huge personal debt burdens. Credit cards encourage unnecessary, spontaneous expenditures. The interest rates on credit cards are extremely high, which causes debt problems to escalate exponentially.

NO: Credit cards are a necessity for transactions in today’s economy. In fact, many transactions are difficult or impossible to carry out without a credit card. People should learn to use credit cards responsibly.

Slide 8-52

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Slide 8-1. Slide 8-2 Chapter 8 Accounting for Receivables Financial Accounting, Seventh Edition.

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accounts receivable900

valuing accounts receivables

possibility of accounts

accounts receivable100

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analysis of receivables