Slavery in Antebellum America By Rosie B. and Deirdre M.

Slavery in Antebellum AmericaBy Rosie B. and Deirdre M.

"I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I

will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD.“

-William Lloyd Garrison of The Liberator

Abolitionism

• Quakers• Gradualism & Immediate

emancipation• Underground railroad• Opposition for economic reasons

Missouri Compromise (1820 - Missouri Compromise (1820 - 1821)1821)

The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise consisted of measures passed by the U.S. Congress to consisted of measures passed by the U.S. Congress to end the first of a series of crises concerning the extension of slavery.end the first of a series of crises concerning the extension of slavery.

It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30’ It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30’ north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.

Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise and a conference committee was appointed. The United States Senate compromise and a conference committee was appointed. The United States Senate refused to concur in the amendment, and the whole measure was lost.refused to concur in the amendment, and the whole measure was lost.

American Antislavery Society

• Founded in 1833 by Theodore Weld, Arthur Tappan, and Lewis Tappan

• Lectures on the brutality and immorality of slavery

• Mix of black and white members• Preached immediate emancipation• Leadership passed to William Lloyd

Garrison in 1840• Split because of Garrison’s radical views

Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825)

Eli Whitney was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. The cotton gin was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped

the economy of the antebellum South. Whitney's invention made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened

the economic foundation of slavery. King Cotton was a phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to

the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production.

Whitney also saw the potential benefit of developing interchangeable parts for the firearms of the United States military, and thus, around 1798, he built ten guns, all containing the same exact parts and mechanisms, and disassembled them before the United States Congress.

Tariff of 1828Tariff of 1828

The Tariff of 1828The Tariff of 1828, was a protective tariff passed by the , was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828 designed to Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828 designed to protect industry in the northern United States.protect industry in the northern United States.

It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy and led to the Nullification Crisis.Southern economy and led to the Nullification Crisis.

The Nullification CrisisThe Nullification Crisis was caused by South Carolina was caused by South Carolina wanting to protect their farming industry, which required slave wanting to protect their farming industry, which required slave labor and caused the threat of succession in the South. labor and caused the threat of succession in the South.

The Tariff of 1828 had been purposely drafted to make The Tariff of 1828 had been purposely drafted to make Andrew Jackson appear as a free trade advocate in the South Andrew Jackson appear as a free trade advocate in the South and as a protectionist in the North.and as a protectionist in the North.

Sojourner Truth(1797-1883) Born Isabella Baumfree

in slavery and sold several times

Escaped after being double crossed by her master

Very religious The Narrative of

Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave

Ain’t I a woman

“Peculiar Institution” “Peculiar Institution” was a euphemism for slavery

and the economic ramifications of it in the American South.

The meaning of "peculiar" in this expression is "one's own", that is, referring to something distinctive to or characteristic of a particular place or people.

It was in popular use during the first half of the 19th century, especially in legislative bodies, as the word slavery was deemed "improper," and was actually banned in certain areas.

Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)

• Escaped slave

• Mostly self taught

• Lectured for the Massachusetts Antislavery society

• The North Star

• Worked for equal opportunity for all

Nat Turner and Denmark Vesey

Nathaniel "Nat" Turner was an American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in fifty-six deaths among their victims, the largest number of white fatalities to occur in one uprising in the antebellum southern United States. Around 100 innocent slaves were killed in retaliation.

Denmark Vesey originally Telemaque, was an African American slave brought to the United States from the Caribbean. After purchasing his freedom, he planned what would have been one of the largest slave rebellions in the United States.

Gabriel Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner influenced the Northern abolitionist movement by passing laws to restrict the slave trade.

David Walker --- A possible rebellion!?

• African – American abolitionist

• Born free but saw the injustices of slavery

• Slaves should resort to violence if necessary

• Walker’s Appeal• Pride and hope for

slaves• Fear for planters• Most abolitionists

disagreed with Walker’s views

States’ Rights and States’ Rights and Free African AmericansFree African Americans   Secession was based on the idea of state rights (or "states Secession was based on the idea of state rights (or "states

rights," a variant that came into use after the Civil War). rights," a variant that came into use after the Civil War). This exalted the powers of the individual states as opposed This exalted the powers of the individual states as opposed to those of the Federal government. It generally rested on to those of the Federal government. It generally rested on the theory of state sovereignty, that in the United States the the theory of state sovereignty, that in the United States the ultimate source of political authority lay in the separate ultimate source of political authority lay in the separate states. Associated with the principle of state rights was a states. Associated with the principle of state rights was a sense of state loyalty that could prevail over a feeling of sense of state loyalty that could prevail over a feeling of national patriotism. Before the war, the principle found national patriotism. Before the war, the principle found expression in different ways at different times, in the North expression in different ways at different times, in the North as well as in the South. During the war it reappeared in the as well as in the South. During the war it reappeared in the Confederacy.Confederacy.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/US_http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gifSlave_Free_1789-1861.gif

Harriet Tubman (1819-1913)

• Born Araminta Ross in slavery

• Escaped to Philadelphia in 1849

• Became a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad

• Made 19 trips and never lost a passenger

• Known by the slaves as “Moses”

Slave CodesSlave Codes

Slave codesSlave codes were laws were laws which each US state, or which each US state, or colony, enacted which colony, enacted which defined the status of defined the status of slaves and the rights of slaves and the rights of masters. Such codes masters. Such codes gave slave-owners gave slave-owners absolute power over absolute power over their human propertytheir human property..

William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879)

• Author of the famous abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator

• "immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves".

• $5000 offered in Georgia for his arrest and conviction

• Supported women’s rights, pacifism, and temperance, as well

• Stopped publishing The Liberator after the Civil War

The American Colonization Society The American Colonization Society (in full,

The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America) was the primary vehicle for proposals to return free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 as a place for freedmen.

The Liberty Party

• Founded in 1840 by the branch of the American antislavery society who disagreed with Garrison

• Wanted to elect leaders who shared their antislavery beliefs

• Was nonexistent by 1848

Work Cited All images from Google Images http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h333.html http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-50.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2930.html http://www.africawithin.com/bios/david_walker.htm http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASgarrison.htm http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=832&nm=American-Anti-

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