Slavery cotton ppt section 8 2 updated

Cotton and Slavery1815-1848

Objectives By the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

– Understand why cotton was essential to the Southern economy

– Identify key abolitionists– Describe experience of rural vs. urban slaves– Summarize slavery debate in the South

Vocabulary: abolition, William Lloyd Garrison, emancipation, David Walker, Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner, antebellum, gag rule

Copy vocabulary terms/definitions in notes! Use pgs. 248- 253 or 8-2 guided reading/HW paperTerm Definition Significance or use

in a/SentenceGag rule A rule limiting debate

on an issueAllowed slavery to continue to be legal in the US

abolitionist Someone who wanted to outlaw (end) slavery

EmancipationWilliam Lloyd GarrisonDavid WalkerFrederick Douglass A slave who learned

to read and writeNat Turner Slave who led a revolt

and was later killed

The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney’s invention cotton gin in 1793 made short-

staple cotton profitable. Cotton and slavery began to expand - from the Atlantic

Coast to Texas.

Cotton Production in the South, 1820–1860

Cotton production expanded westward between 1820 and 1860 into Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and western Tennessee.

Cotton Production• In 1800- U.S. produced

73,000 bales of cotton.• By 1820, cotton

accounted for 39% of all American exports.

• By 1840, cotton accounted for 52% of U.S. exports.

• By 1860, cotton accounted for 58% of all American exports and 75% of the world’s entire supply of cotton.

Because slave labor produced the cotton, increasing exports strengthened the slave system

Slave Population, 1820–1860

Slavery spread southwestward from the upper South and the eastern seaboard following the spread of cotton cultivation.

As slavery grew in the South, so did what many Northerners called “The Slave Power.

1. The planter aristocracy - a very small percent of southern society - controlled the social, political, and economic power of the south.

2. From the first presidential election to the election of Lincoln, Southerners controlled the national government most of the time.

3. The South held disproportionate political power under the Constitution.

4. From 1800-1860 -Democrats were the predominate political party - the party of states rights - used power to pass federal laws designed to strengthen slavery as a national institution.

The planter aristocracy - a small percent of southern society - controlled the social, political,

and economic power of the south

• In 1860, 25% of all Southerners owned slaves.

• Of that 25%• 52% owned 1-5 slaves• 35% owned 6-9 slaves• 11% owned 20-99 slaves• 1 % owned 100 or more slaves

• Those who owned 20 or more slaves - about 3% of the entire white population - controlled the social, political, and economic power of the South.

White southern slave owners had a huge hold over the white, non-slave owning population.

How, then, were they able to convince the vast majority of white southerners to fight for a system - slavery and the power of slaveholding aristocrats - in which they had no stake?

White Supremacy!

This woodcut of a black father being sold away from his family appeared in The Child’s Anti-Slavery Book in 1860.

In summary, the expansion of cotton - encouraged by the new technology of the cotton gin - stimulated the growth of slavery. This economic reality, in turn, was made possible by the “Slave Power.”

In summary, the invention of the cotton gin made cotton production and exportation a vital force for the entire American economy. Further, the expansion of cotton stimulated the growth of slavery and made slavery a national institution. These social and economic realities, in turn, were made possible by the “Slave Power.”

Why Slavery prospered

Cotton gin Slavery cotton production $$ more exports and more production, $$$

Slavery justified:- White supremacy (belief that Africans were an inferior race)

- Slaves were “taken care of” - Cotton production helped Southern

economy - Small percentage of Southern slave-owners

controlled the Senate and laws - Fugitive Slave Act passed

Stop and Write! On notebook paper and hand in! Use p. 215- 216, 248 to help

1. How was the cotton production improved and increased?

2. Why did slavery increase in the South?

3. How did many people allow slavery even if it did not directly benefit them?

Ch. 8, Section 2 pp. 248- 253 Belief that African Americans were

inferior

Abolitionists speak out pp. 248- 249

Abolition- call to outlaw slavery Abolitionist- someone who wants to

outlaw slavery William Lloyd Garrison- editor of

newspaper The Liberator, wanted emancipation of slaves

William Lloyd Garrison

Founded American Anti-Slavery Society- other whites joined

Some whites hated him for attacking churches and government

Free Blacks, David Walker David Walker- free black, encouraged

blacks to fight for freedom Free blacks realized (esp. in South)

only lowest-paying jobs were available to them

Stop and Write! Exit slip- Answer any 2 questions (6 points total)

1. How were Walker and Garrison’s views similar?

2. How were their views different?

3. What was unusual about Frederick Dogulass?

Yes, you have a QUIZ TODAY!1. You MUST hand in your phone in order to take the test. You will get it back after you hand in the test.2. Answer all questions on the scan-tron using a #2 pencil.3.Hand in the scan-tron in period 6 bin; make a pile of the tests outside the bin.4.Take a Ch. 8 HW packet and finish by Friday (30 points)

Frederick Douglasshttp://www.history.com/topics/black-history/frederick-douglass Born into slavery, learned to read and

write Why weren’t slaves able to read and

write?? Knowledge was “his pathway from

slavery to freedom”… http://www.biography.com/people/frederick-douglass-

9278324

Frederick Douglass Earned wages but not allowed to keep

them Escaped to freedom, settled in MA Met Garrison, abolitionist movement-gave

speeches for American Anti-Slavery society

Wrote narrative, Life of Frederick Douglass

Began anti-slavery newspaper The North Star

Written response:

1. What do you think Douglass meant when he said that knowledge could be his “pathway from slavery to freedom”?

Life Under Slavery: Rural

By 1830, many American-born Shift from slaves in the Caribbean to

plantation-slaves in South

Urban Slavery

Whites flee to South for promise of wealth from cotton shortage of white laborers for industry

Some slaves in skilled trades- shipbuilding, blacksmiths

Easier to find jobs in South, less discrimination than in North

Urban Slavery

Slave owners hired out slaves for factory work

No supervision from master Who had it better….rural or urban

slaves??

Nat Turner Rebellion

Led a slave rebellion against white owners, killing 60 whites in a violent revolt

Believed he was divinely inspired Eventually captured, tried, and hanged http://www.history.com/topics/black-

history/nat-turner

Slave codes Backlash to revolts, passed in fear of

further rebellion Tightened control on slaves Legally considered property Slaves not allowed to own property, no

assembly without white supervision Could be a crime to teach slaves to read

and write No testimony could be made by a slave

against a white person

Slave Owners Defend Slavery

Antebellum- Pre-civil War Debate for abolition of slavery in VA did

not pass Gag rule- rule preventing debate on an

issue; adopted by Southern representatives in slavery debate

Pro-slavery

Slavery was in the Bible and dates back to biblical times

Benefited blacks by making them Christian and “taking care of them”

Quick ReviewPro-Slavery- ideas/goals/ tactics (what did they do)

Anti-slavery (abolitionists)- ideas/goals/tactics

Vocab. Review

1. Make flashcards with the terms below.2. Write the term on the front, and the

definition AND IMPORTANCE of each on the back

- Abolition - emancipation- Frederick Douglass - David Walker- Nat Turner - gag rule- - William L. Garrison

Un-wheel of Fortune

Correctly answer the question, get a point AND guess a letter (each correct letter gets one additional point)

Guess the phrase and get an additional 5 points for your team

Quiz a