Similarities and differencies in values in the MENA-region

Similarities and differencies in values in the MENA-region

25 August, 2016American University

Beirut

WVS

Bi Puranen World Values Survey, Institute for Future Studies

[email protected]

Funding of the 6th wave for the Mena region

• Phase 1: Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Turkey and Qatar

• Phase 2: Tunisia, Yemen, Libya, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain

• Phase 3: Jordan, Saudi Arabia*, Lebanon, Algeria and Iraq

*For various reasons it was not possible to conduct the study in Saudi

The WVSA Agreement for Silatech

WVS has already invested approximately $300,000 in surveys in the MENA region for this Wave. Of these, five surveys (Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, PalesGne, Turkey and Qatar) are completed. Six more (for Tunisia, Yemen, Libya, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain) are funded, but fieldwork is not yet completed (August 2013).

1. Silatech has agreed to support this Wave so five addiGonal countries – Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Algeria and Iraq -‐-‐ can be included (see Table 1, Annex 1) resulGng in the total comparison of 16 MENA socieGes, making this Wave one of the most comprehensive surveys in the MENA region

2. In recogniGon of Silatech’s contribuGon, WVSA has agreed to include a module of up to twenty (20) quesGons to the survey in MENA countries for which the fieldwork has yet to be undertaken, as more fully described in Annex 1, and in accordance with WVSA’s approval process.

3. Silatech Module QuesGons: The ParGes agree that the module containing Silatech’s addiGonal quesGons will be included on the survey instruments of at least ten (10) of the eleven (11) Arab countries for which the fieldwork has yet to be undertaken (which include Tunisia, Yemen, Libya, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Algeria and Iraq).

4. Access to Data: Silatech, as with other supporGng partners, will receive access to the common pooled dataset as soon as each country’s data is cleaned and deposited.

5. WVSA Cultural Change Report: WVSA will generate and publish a short report on cultural change in the MENA region, in conjuncGon with local scholars. Silatech may distribute this report for any non-‐commercial purposes. The report shall include the statement of collaboraGon and Silatech’s logo.

WVS sample, 6th wave

Arabic Countries, n= 16.400, 13 countries

Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq,

Morocco, Tunisia, Qatar, Yemen, Kuwait, Bahrain,

Libya

Muslim non Arabic Countries, n= 9.289,

21 Muslim countries in total

Uzbekistan, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan,

Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan

Other Countries, n=55.472

39 countries

Sweden, Netherland, Germany, Spain, Cyprus, New

Zealand, Australia, Slovenia, Argentina, Hong

Kong, China, South Korea, Chile, Uruguay,

Ecuador, Brazil, Philippines, Mexico, United States,

Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Romania, Belarus,

Armenia, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Ukraine,

Trinidad, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Ghana, South Africa

!

Gender Equality in the MENA region

0 %

14 %

28 %

42 %

56 %

70 %

1999-2004 2005-2009 2010-2014

Iraq Jordan Lebanon Algeria Morocco EgyptTOTAL WEST TOTAL WORLD

Emancipative Values MENA- time series

WORLD

WEST

Source: WVS, Wave 4 to 6 1999-2014

Lebanon

MoroccoEgyptIraqJordan

0

7

14

21

28

35

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1.0

Iraq Jordan Lebanon EgyptYemen Morocco TOTAL MENA TOTAL WORLDTOTAL WEST

MENA – Emancipative Values

• Autonomy• Equality• Choice• Voice

Source: WVS, Wave 6, 2010-2014

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

Obedience -1 0 1 Independence

Iraq Jordan Lebanon Egypt YemenMorocco TOTAL MENA TOTAL WEST TOTAL WORLD

Jordan

Morocco

Iraq

Lebanon

Autonomy Index, MENA:from Obedience to Independence

Yemen

EgyptWORLD

WEST

Source: WVS, Wave 6, 2010-2014

(V19+V21)-(V12+V18) Important child qualities: Religious Faith+Obedience vs. Independence+Determination, Perseverance

MENA

Economic Worries and Insecurity in the MENA region

Grey is missing variable in the country. % worried (% very much/ % great deal).

SaGsfacGon with public services, and quality of life %

Questions in the Silatech ModuleIf you had your preference, in which of the following

would you prefer to work?

• In the Public Sector

• In a Private Company

• Starting my own business

0%

12%

24%

36%

48%

60%

Public Sector

Private Sector

Self employed

Tunisia

Algeria

Yemen

Lebanon

Jordan

TOTAL

Kuwait

Iraq

Bahrain

In which of the following sectors would you prefer to work?

Iraq Kuwait Algeria TunisiaYemen Lebanon Jordan BahrainTOTAL

© IFFS 2016

15

Employment Composition by Sector in the MENA region 2005-2010

9

10

22

22

27

33

37

22

91

12

12

14

11

23

1

5

30

40

32

25

27

31

73

79

48

38

32

37

17

31

5

4

Yemen

Morocco

Palestine

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Iraq

UAE Expatriates

UAE Nationals

Public Wage Earner Private Formal Wage Earner Private Informal Wage EarnerSelf-employed and Unpaid

Source: Cited from A Political Economy of the Middle East, A. Richards and J. Waterbury, 4th Edition, 2015

Questions in the Silatech Module

How widespread is:• Corruption within businesses in your country

• Corruption is within the government in your country

• Is the level of corruption in your country higher or lower than it was five years ago?

• Is the government of your country doing enough to fight corruption

• Do you know people who give a bribe/present to solve their problems which are supposed to be for free

And:

Public percepGons of corrupGon in business and government

Respondents answered the ques>ons “How widespread do you think that corrup>on is within businesses/ government in your country. 10 points scale from 1-‐ None/low corrup>on to 10-‐ High corrup>on was divided in 5 categories.

How widespread is corruption within businesses in your country

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

LOW SOMEWHAT HIGH

Tunisia Yemen Algeria KuwaitIraq Lebanon Bahrain JordanTOTAL

LOW = (1-3), SOMEWHAT=(4-7), HIGH=(8-10)

Tunisia

AlgeriaYemen

LebanonJordan

TOTAL

Kuwait

Iraq

Bahrain

How widespread is corruption within the government in your country

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

LOW SOMEWHAT HIGH

Tunisia Yemen Algeria KuwaitIraq Lebanon Bahrain JordanTOTAL

LOW = (1-3), SOMEWHAT=(4-7), HIGH=(8-10)

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

Never Rarely Often Very Often

Algeria Jordan Lebanon TunisiaYemen Bahrain Kuwait TOTAL

Jordan

Tunisia

Bahrain

Lebanon

Have you last year given a bribe to receive service that is supposed to be free?

Yemen

Algeria

Source: WVS, Wave 6, 2010-2014, Sillatech Battery Question MN-228Q

Sillatech Battery Question MN-228Q

© IFFS 2016

Kuwait


• Microfinance Institution

• Commercial Bank

• Public Bank

• Friends or Family

• Informal Savings and Lending Association (e.g. Jamiyat)

• Credit Supplier

Did you or family member borrow money last year? If Yes - from whom?


• Starting or Growing a Business

• Buying or Improving a Home

• Getting Married

• Household Purchases

• Emergencies

• Others

what was the money used for?

Questions in the Silatech ModuleWhat is most important with a formal

education system?

• To find employment

• To perform the jobs well

• To start a business

• Degree of satisfaction: Salary and benefits of your current primary job

• Degree of satisfaction: Opportunities for professional development/promotion in your current primary job

• Have you taken steps to start a business (by yourself/with others) during last year?


© IFFS 2015

25

Local versus State security

© IFFS 2015

26

Factor scores on local and state security

Local Security

%, very often/quite often

© IFFS 2015

28

Mena: Worries for a terrorist attack?

TunisiaYemen

LibyaQatar

IraqAlgeria

EgyptPakistanLebanonMorocco

JordanPalestine

TOTAL

0 % 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 %

12 %

22 %

23 %

30 %

10 %

7 %

11 %

10 %

6 %

9 %

9 %

2 %

0 %

15 %

25 %

23 %

12 %

16 %

18 %

11 %

12 %

13 %

8 %

8 %

7 %

2 %

22 %

25 %

26 %

14 %

32 %

36 %

24 %

18 %

32 %

11 %

13 %

22 %

6 %

51 %

28 %

28 %

44 %

42 %

40 %

54 %

60 %

49 %

72 %

70 %

69 %

92 %

Very much/a great deal Not much/not at all

Similarities and differencies in values in the MENA-region

Government & Nonprofit