Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks
Summary
Introduction
1. Sensor Networks
2. Architecture
3. Application Domain
4. Protocol
2/24
Conclusion
Introduction
3/24
It was noted that routing data from one sensor to the central controller required a costly and cumbersome cabling
The progress made in microelectronics and wireless communication technologies, have produced a reasonable cost components called micro-sensors
The deployment of several micro-sensors to collect and transmit environmental data to one or more collection points, is a network of wireless sensors.
Summary
Introduction
1. Sensor Networks
2. Architecture
3. Application Domain
4. Protocol
2/24
Conclusion
Wireless Sensor
networks
What’s a Wireless Sensor networks ?
5/24
A special type of ad
hoc networks
Capture and transmit
environmental data
autonomously
A large number of
micro-sensors
What’s the environmental data?
Luminosity
vibration
Environmental data
TemperaturePressure
sound
6/24
How it works the sensor networks
Phase 1Phase 1 Phase 2Phase 2 Phase 3Phase 3
The data are captured by different nodes.
Routing data through a multi-hop to a collection point called “sink”.
This collection of "skin" is connected to the user via web or satellite
7/24
Summary
Introduction
1. Sensor Networks
2. Architecture
3. Application Domain
4. Protocol
2/24
Conclusion
Architecture of a Sensor Network(1/2)
9/24
Architecture of a Sensor Network(2/2)
10/24
Architecture of a mote
The Control Unit of Energy
The Transmission Unit
The Processing Unit
The Control Unit
Architecture of a mote
12/24
Architecture of a micro-sensor (1/2)
The capture unit : generally composed of two sub-units: the sensor and an Analog / Digital. The sensor is responsible for providing analog signals based on the phenomenon observed in Analog / Digital. This converts the signals into a digital signal understood by the processing unit.
The processing unit :includes a processor generally associated with a small storage unit and works using an operating system designed for micro-sensors. This unit is responsible for implementing the communications protocols that allow the node to collaborate with other network nodes. It can also analyze data collected to reduce the workload of the node wells.
13/24
Architecture of a micro-sensor (2/2)
The transmission unit : This unit is responsible for conducting all transmitting and receiving data over a wireless medium. It can be either optical or radio-frequency type.
The control unit of Energy : She is responsible for distributing the energy available to other modules and reduce expenses by pausing the active components for example. This unit can also handle systems of charging energy from the observed environment such as solar cells, to extend the total lifetime of the network.
14/24
Summary
Introduction
1. Sensor Networks
2. Architecture
3. Application Domain
4. Protocol
15/24
Conclusion
www.themegallery.com
2:Securityapplication
4:Medical Application
Applications Domain
1: Military applications
3:Environmental
application
5:Commercial application
Location of combatants, vehicles and weapons on the
battlefield
It may be used to monitor patients from a
distance
• Report a possible outbreak of fire
• Detect dry areas
Detect movements of the earth to predict earthquake
Facilitate stock management
16/24
17/24
18/24
Summary
Introduction
1. Sensor Networks
2. Architecture
3. Application Domain
4. Protocol
19/24
Conclusion
Protocol
The protocol exploited in wireless sensor networks is Zigbee:
ZigBee is a protocol for high-level communications of small radio stations (with reduced consumption), based on the IEEE 802.15.4 networks for personal dimension (Wireless Personal Area Networks: WPAN).
We find this protocol in "embedded systems" where consumption is a criterion of selection. It is known by his reduced consumption.
20/24
ZigBee stack
The PHY layer has been designed for high integration needs at low cost.
The MAC (Media Access Control) has been designed to integrate multiple topologies without complexity.
The NWK layer has been designed to allow the network to expand with transmitters at low power consumption and to manage a large number of nodes with a very low latency.
The ZigBee application layer consists of layers sublayer Application Support (APS), ZigBee Device Object (ZDO) and the Application Framework defined
by the manufacturers.
21/24
Summary
Introduction
1. Sensor Networks
2. Architecture
3. Application Domain
4. Protocol
22/24
Conclusion
Conclusion
A problem related to the location is the placement of nodes in a sensor network, that mean how to position the nodes to each other.
With the new technology, it has found the best way to improve the environment.
23/24
LOGO
Thank you for your attention