Seminar on gasoline direct injection...

SEMINAR ON GASOLINEDIRECT INJECTION

SARAN S NAIRS7 MECHANICAL

11434033STIST

PREPARED BY,

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TYPES OF FUEL INJECTION WHY NOT CARBURETOR? WHY THE GDI? MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF GDI TIMELINE OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM ACHIEVEMENTS MAIN COMPONENTS OF GDI WORKING OF GDI ADVANTAGES DISDVANTAGES GDI VEHICLES CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION TYPES OF FUEL INJECTION WHY NOT CARBURETOR? WHY THE GDI? MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF GDI TIMELINE OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM ACHIEVEMENTS MAIN COMPONENTS OF GDI WORKING OF GDI ADVANTAGES DISDVANTAGES GDI VEHICLES CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an ICengine. It has become the primary fuel delivery systemused in engines, having replaced carburetors during the1980s and 1990s.

FUEL INJECTION atomizes the fuel by forciblypumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure

while a CARBURETOR relies on suction created byintake air accelerated through a ventury tube to draw thefuel into the airstream.

Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an ICengine. It has become the primary fuel delivery systemused in engines, having replaced carburetors during the1980s and 1990s.

FUEL INJECTION atomizes the fuel by forciblypumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure

while a CARBURETOR relies on suction created byintake air accelerated through a ventury tube to draw thefuel into the airstream.

TYPES OF FUEL SUPPLY

• The Carburetor

• Single-point or throttle body injection (TBI)

• Port or multi point fuel injection (MPFI)• Sequential fuel injection (SFI)• Direct injection

• The Carburetor

• Single-point or throttle body injection (TBI)

• Port or multi point fuel injection (MPFI)• Sequential fuel injection (SFI)• Direct injection

THE CARBURETOR

A device for atomising andvaporising the fuel andmixing it with the air

The process of breaking upand mixing the fuel with airis called carburation

A device for atomising andvaporising the fuel andmixing it with the air

The process of breaking upand mixing the fuel with airis called carburation

SINGLE-POINT OR THROTTLE BODYINJECTION(TBI)

The earliest and simplesttype of fuel injection

Single-point simply replacesthe carburetor with one ortwo fuel-injector nozzles inthe throttle body, which isthe throat of the engine’s airintake manifold.

The earliest and simplesttype of fuel injection

Single-point simply replacesthe carburetor with one ortwo fuel-injector nozzles inthe throttle body, which isthe throat of the engine’s airintake manifold.

PORT OR MULTI POINT FUEL INJECTION(MPFI)

Multi-point fuel injectionprovides a separate injectornozzle to each cylinder, rightoutside its intake port,which is why the system issometimes called portinjection.

Shooting the fuel vapor thisclose to the intake portalmost ensures that it will bedrawn completely into thecylinder.

Multi-point fuel injectionprovides a separate injectornozzle to each cylinder, rightoutside its intake port,which is why the system issometimes called portinjection.

Shooting the fuel vapor thisclose to the intake portalmost ensures that it will bedrawn completely into thecylinder.

SEQUENTIAL FUEL INJECTION (SFI)

Sequential fuel injection, also calledsequential port fuel injection (SPFI)or timed injection, is a type of MPFI

One injector per cylinder with afiring circuit for each injectorindividually.

Results in better emissions andmore power.

Same fuel pressure as the MPFI.

Sequential fuel injection, also calledsequential port fuel injection (SPFI)or timed injection, is a type of MPFI

One injector per cylinder with afiring circuit for each injectorindividually.

Results in better emissions andmore power.

Same fuel pressure as the MPFI.

GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION(GDI) GDI significantly improves

fuel efficiency withoutmaking a major shift awayfrom conventional ICtechnology.

GDI is a process where fueland air is sent directly intothe engine with highpressure.

The injector is connectedalong with the intake valve,exhaust valve and the sparkplug.

GDI significantly improvesfuel efficiency withoutmaking a major shift awayfrom conventional ICtechnology.

GDI is a process where fueland air is sent directly intothe engine with highpressure.

The injector is connectedalong with the intake valve,exhaust valve and the sparkplug.

GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION

The injector, injects the mixture according to the speed of theengine. The intake valve is used for only air.

Compression ratio is high as 12.5:1 at its peak value.

b= bore diameters= stroke length

Vc= clearance volume

Mitsubishi, Toyota and Nissan all market four-stroke GDIengines

The injector, injects the mixture according to the speed of theengine. The intake valve is used for only air.

Compression ratio is high as 12.5:1 at its peak value.

b= bore diameters= stroke length

Vc= clearance volume

Mitsubishi, Toyota and Nissan all market four-stroke GDIengines

WHY NOT CARBURETOR ??

Carburetor has following Disadvantages:

Vapour lock,

Perfect air/fuel mixture cannot be obtained,

Lack of throttle response,

Low volumetric efficiency,

Icing – problem in aircraft engines,

Carburetor has following Disadvantages:

Vapour lock,

Perfect air/fuel mixture cannot be obtained,

Lack of throttle response,

Low volumetric efficiency,

Icing – problem in aircraft engines,

WHY THE GDI ??

• Lower Fuel Consumption and More Output

• Better than the current MPI Style of Fuel Injection

• Ultra-precise computer management

• The location of the injector

• Less pollution from each drop of gasoline.

• The World needs a better Environment

• Lower Fuel Consumption and More Output

• Better than the current MPI Style of Fuel Injection

• Ultra-precise computer management

• The location of the injector

• Less pollution from each drop of gasoline.

• The World needs a better Environment

MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THE GDIENGINE

• Ultra-low fuel consumption that betters that of evendiesel engines

• Superior power to conventional MPFI engines

• A Stable Combustion

• Ultra-low fuel consumption that betters that of evendiesel engines

• Superior power to conventional MPFI engines

• A Stable Combustion

TIMELINE OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Carburetor Port Injection

(MPFI)

Direct Injection

(GDI)

ACHIEVEMENTS

MAIN COMPONENTS OF GDI

1. Engine Control Unit

2. Sensors

3. High pressure Fuel Pump

4. Fuel Injector

1. Engine Control Unit

2. Sensors

3. High pressure Fuel Pump

4. Fuel Injector

ENGINE CONTROL UNIT (ECU)

ECU is a HEART of The Engine .

Ecu is computer that controls all of the electronic Componentson the engine.

Working of Ecu• Control of fuel mixture• Control of ignition timing• Control of idle speed• Control of variable valve timing• Electronic valve control

ECU is a HEART of The Engine .

Ecu is computer that controls all of the electronic Componentson the engine.

Working of Ecu• Control of fuel mixture• Control of ignition timing• Control of idle speed• Control of variable valve timing• Electronic valve control

SENSORS

In order to provide the correct amount of fuel for everyoperating condition, the ECU has to monitor a huge numberof input sensors.

Eg : Acceleration pedal sensorAir flow sensorHi pressure pump sensorCrank Angle sensor

In order to provide the correct amount of fuel for everyoperating condition, the ECU has to monitor a huge numberof input sensors.

Eg : Acceleration pedal sensorAir flow sensorHi pressure pump sensorCrank Angle sensor

INJECTOR

A fuel injector is nothing butan electronically controlledvalve.

When the injector isenergized, an electromagnetmoves a plunger that opensthe valve, allowing thepressurized fuel to squirtout through a tiny nozzle.

It is controlled by the ECU.

A fuel injector is nothing butan electronically controlledvalve.

When the injector isenergized, an electromagnetmoves a plunger that opensthe valve, allowing thepressurized fuel to squirtout through a tiny nozzle.

It is controlled by the ECU.

WORKING OF GDI

GDI BURNING MODE

1. Ultra-lean burn mode: At lower speeds, the mixture is injectedat the end of the compression stroke for lowest heat losses. Thisis when the compression ratio in the cylinders is maximum

2. Stochiometric mode: This is the conventional method ofinjection during the intake stroke for optimum combustion andminimum waste gases during moderate city driving conditions.

3. Full Power mode: Fuel is injected in the intake stroke at ahigher .This is done at high speeds or high load conditions likeclimbing a hill.

1. Ultra-lean burn mode: At lower speeds, the mixture is injectedat the end of the compression stroke for lowest heat losses. Thisis when the compression ratio in the cylinders is maximum

2. Stochiometric mode: This is the conventional method ofinjection during the intake stroke for optimum combustion andminimum waste gases during moderate city driving conditions.

3. Full Power mode: Fuel is injected in the intake stroke at ahigher .This is done at high speeds or high load conditions likeclimbing a hill.

(1) Engine Performance

ADVANTAGES

(2) Vehicle Fuel Consumption

(3) INCREASED VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY

(4) INCREASED COMPRESSION RATIO

High compression ratio of 12, and thus improved combustionefficiency

DISADVANTAGES

Complexity

High cost

Harder Deposits

Undetected Knocking

Complexity

High cost

Harder Deposits

Undetected Knocking

GDI VEHICLES

BMW

Mitsubishi

Volkswagen

Ford -EcoBoost

General Motors -2.0L Ecotec

Hyundai-Lexus

Mazda Speed

BMW

Mitsubishi

Volkswagen

Ford -EcoBoost

General Motors -2.0L Ecotec

Hyundai-Lexus

Mazda Speed

CONCLUSION

Provides improved torque 5-10%

Up to 5% more power

Reduction of CO2 production by nearly 20 percent.

Fulfills future emissions requirements.

97% NOx reduction is achieved.

Improve the brake specific fuel consumption.

Reduced fuel consumption 15-20%

Provides improved torque 5-10%

Up to 5% more power

Reduction of CO2 production by nearly 20 percent.

Fulfills future emissions requirements.

97% NOx reduction is achieved.

Improve the brake specific fuel consumption.

Reduced fuel consumption 15-20%

REFERENCES

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/direct-injection-engine.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection

Video- Youtube.com

Textbook of Thermal engineering, by R.S.KHURUMI

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/direct-injection-engine.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection

Video- Youtube.com

Textbook of Thermal engineering, by R.S.KHURUMI

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