Section b All

SECTION B PAPER 2Chapter 2:Forces and Motion1. Diagram 9.1 represents a 50 cen coin and a leaf

falling in a vacuum container. The coin is heavier than the leaf.

(a) Using Diagram 9.1 and the information given about the weight of the two objects, compare the mass of the coin and the leaf, the time taken to fall, the positions of the coin and the leaf and finally, deduce the physical quantity which causes the objects to fall.

[5 marks ] (b) Diagram 9.2 shows a student trying to launch a water rocket.

You are required to give some suggestions on how to design a water rocket for a national competition. Using the knowledge on forces, motion and properties of materials, explain the suggestions based on the following aspects:

(i) material used(ii) shape of the rocket(iii) angle of launching(iv) volume of water in the rocket(v) added structure for the motion of the rocket.

[10 marks](c) A stone which is released from a building falls down

in the air. During the fall, the stone experiences an energy change.

(i) What is meant by energy? [1 mark] (ii) Explain the energy changes in the stone. [4 marks]

2. (a) Spiderman find that when he jumped down from a high building without bending his legs, a loud sound is produced as shown in Diagram 9.1. But if upon landing, he bends his legs, a soft sound is produced as shown in Diagram 9.2.

(i) What is meant by momentum? [1 mark](ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare

the time for change of momentum for Spiderman. Relate the time for change momentum and the force acting on the Spiderman, deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(iii) Name the physics quantity that explain the two situations above. [1 mark]

(b) In two separate boxing ring, a kick-boxer from Thailand fights without wearing boxing gloves whereas a boxer from Malaysia with a pair boxing gloves. Explain who will cause more injury to their opponent if both boxers punch with the same force. [3 marls]

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a model of a school bus.

Explain the modification to the bus to help to improve the safety the passengers and will be more comfortable. Emphasise your explanation in the following aspects:

(i) the shape of the bus body(ii) safety features of the bus. [10 marks]

3. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a comparison of two spring M and N. Both the spring are elastic and made from the same wire and have the same diameter. Each one of them is attached to a load of equal weight.

(a) What is meant by elasticity of a material? [1 mark] (b) Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2;

(i) Compare the forces applied on the spring and the extension of the springs. [3 marks]

(ii) Compare the spring constants of M and N. Hence relate the spring constant to the natural length of the spring. [2 marks] (c) A spring produces an extension of 4 cm when a stretching force of 1.2 N is applied to it. What is the spring constant of the spring? [2 marks] (d) Explain how the forces between the molecules cause the elasticity. [4 marks]

(e) Diagram 9.3 shows a spring in the suspension system of an ordinary motorcycle.

(i) What are the fuctions of the spring in the suspension system?

(ii) Exlain the modification that needs to be done on the spring to enable it to function as a racing motorcycle. You should explain your suggestion, to include following aspects:

- the characteristics of the material of the spring

- the design of the spring 4. Diagram 9.1 and diagram 9.2 show two identical

trolleys moving up two inclined planes of different angles and displacement.

(a) (i) What is meant by work done? [1 mark] (ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the angle of incline and displacement of the trolleys. Relating the angle of incline and the displacement, deduce the work done by each trolley. [5 marks] (b) Read the following statements and determine whether work is done or not.(i) A student pushes a stool along the floor [2 marks] (ii) A pen falls from a table to the ground [2 marks] (c) Diagram 9.3 shows two electric drills A and B with

different efficiencies.

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(i) Which drill is more efficient?. Give your reasons. [4 marks]

(ii) Suggest modifications that need to be done to increase the efficiency of the inefficient drill.

[6 marks]

5. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the distance traveled by two trolleys of the same mass when pushed with forces of magnitude F and 2F respectively. Both trolley accelerate from rest for 2 s.

(a) (i) What is meant by acceleration? [1 mark] (ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2,

compare the time of travel for the trolleys, force applied on the trolleys and the distance traveled by the trolleys. Relate the magnitude of force with the distance traveled to deduce the acceleration of the trolleys.

(b) The trolley in Diagram 9.1 is then changed with a trolley of bigger mass. Explain how is the acceleration of the trolley related to its mass.

(c) It is important for a driver to increase the time interval of collision.

(i) Using an appropriate physics concept, explain why there is a need to increase the time interval of collision. [2 marks]

(ii) Suggest the modification that need to be done on a car to make it safe for drive. [8 marks]

6. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a child and an adult

each sit on similar swings.

(a)(i) Explain what is meant by inertia [1 mark] (ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the

difficulties to move and stop them. Relating the mass of the child and the adult to the difficulties to

move and stop them. Deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(b) Diagram 9.3 shows an archer pulling an arrow on a bow and is ready to release the arrow from the bow so that the arrow will hit the bullseye of the target. For this purpose, he pointed the arrow a little bit above the horizontal line while aiming at the target.

(i) What energy changes take place when he releases the arrow?

(ii) Explain why the archer does not aim directly at the bulleye of the target. [4 marks]

(c) When a car is involved in an accident and brought to a stop abruptly, the inertia of the driver causes him to be hurled forward suddenly towards the steering wheel.

(i) What is the modification on the car that can safe the driver life?

(ii) Explain how does the modification in c(i) operate.

(iii) Name three examples of impulsive force. [10 marks]

7. Diagram 10.1 shows two identical spherical plasticine balls released from the same height.

Diagram 10.2 shows the state of the balls when they hit the brick and the rubber. It was observed that the plasticine stopped more quickly when it hits the brick.

(a)(i) What is meant by potential energy? [1 mark] (ii) Observe Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,

compare the shape of the plasticine balls, the surface of the rick and the rubber, before and

after the balls hit the surfaces. Based on the shapes of the plastine balls and the surfaces, deduce a physical concept which is involved in this phenomenon. [5 marks]

(b) Explain the changes in energy that occur from the moment the plasticine ball is released until it reaches the position shown in Diagram 10.2 [4 marks]

(c) Name three safety features in a vehicle and explain how it helps to reduce the fatal effect when the vehicle is involved in a collision. [10 marks]

8. Diagram 8.1 shows a balloon being released from a grip. Diagram 8.2 shows a cuttlefish moving forward by released a big volume of black ink backwards.

Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2(a) (i) What is meant by force ? [1mark] (ii) Using diagram 8.1 and 8.2 compare the direction

of motion of the balloon and the cuttlefish. Relate the direction of motion to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 mark]

(b)Using suitable examples, explain the ways utilize impulse force. [4 mark]

(c) Figure .3 shows a car speeding on a road and Figure 9.4 shows the car crashed on an object. Due to lack of safety features, the driver sustained serious injury.

Figure 8.3 Figure 8.4

The following are few facts concerning the car.(i) The car stopped too suddenly upon hitting

the object.(ii) The driver thrown out of the car, breaking

the glass of the windscreen.(iii) Sharp pieces of glass from the shattered

windscreen cut the head of the driver.(iv) The accident occurred at night. The driver

did not see the object until it was very near.

Based on the above facts, suggest various features to be added to the car to improve its safety standard and

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explain how each feature can reduce injury of the driver. [10 marks]CHAPTER 3:FORCES AND PRESSURE1.(a) Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.2(b) and

Diagram 9.2(c) show a rock hung on a spring balance in air, immersed in water and cooking oil respectively. The reading of the spring balance for each situation is as shown in Diagram 9.1.

RAJAH 9.1(i) What is meant by weight? [1 mark](ii) Using Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.1(b) and

Diagram 9.1(c), compare the spring balance reading, the weight lost of the rock and the density of the water and the cooking oil. Relating the weight lost and the density, deduce a relevant physics concept.

[4 marks]

(iii) Name the physics principle that explains the above situations. [1 mark]

(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a copper block and a bowl shape copper sheet of same mass.Explain why the copper block sink in water but the bowl shape copper sheet floats on water. [4 marks]

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a barge used to transport goods from fresh water port to the ship anchored away from the seaside.

DIAGRAM 9.3Using suitable physics concepts, explain the required modification needed in designing abarge that can carry more and heavier goods, move faster and safe in fresh and saltwater. You can emphasise on the following aspects in your modification;i. material usedii. plimsoll lineiii. shape and size of the barge [10 marks]

2. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show how water spurts out from its container when the valve is opened.

DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2

When a liquid is held in a container, it exerts pressure on the container.

(a) What is meant by pressure? [1 mark]

(b) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the depth of the water in both containers, the rate at which water spurts out and the distance travelled by the water that spurts out.Relate the distance travelled by the water that spurts out to the depth of the water. Hence make a conclusion regarding the relationship between the pressure and the depth of the water. [5 marks]

(c) A small bubble of air is released from the bottom of a lake.

(i) Explain what happens to the size of bubble as it rises to the surface of the water. [2 marks]

(ii) Explain how this change affects the upward motion of the bubble.[2 marks]

(d) Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 show the side view of two different models of a dam made from bricks and concrete.

DIAGRAM 9.3 DIAGRAM 9.4

(i) Which model is preferable? Explain your answer. [2 marks]

(ii) Suggest two uses of the water in the dam.

[2 marks]

(iii) Explain the modifications that need to be made to the dam to enable it to store more water safely.

[6 marks]

3. (a) Figure 9.1, Figure 9.2 and Figure 9.3 show a fisherman pulling out of the river. In Figure 9.1, the fisherman finds it easy to pull up the fishing net while most of his catch is in the water, due to the buoyant force. However as more and more of the catch is out of the water it gets harder to pull up the net as shown in Figure 9.2 and 9.3.

(i) What is buoyant force? [1 mark]

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Water level

Aras airWater level

Dam

Water

Dam

Water

(ii) Using Figures 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3, compare the mass of the catch as well as the volume of the catch while still immersed in the water. Relating the amount of force required to lift the catch, the weight of water displaced and the buoyant force, deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(b) A hydrometer is used to measure the density of acid in a car battery. Using a suitable physics principle, explain how the hydrometer works.

[4 marks](c) The manager of a carnival near your home seeks your

advice on designing and handling a hot air balloon. The balloon should be able to rise to about the height of a five-storey building, carry up to three people and can be brought down to the same spot after a certain time. Explain your suggestion taking into account:

(i) the material and other equipment required(ii) safety aspects(iii) the best times in a day to launch the balloon [10 marks]

4. (a) Diagram 10 shows liquid A and liquid B placed in repective beakers. A joined glass rod is immersed in both liquids.

(i) What causes the liquids to rise in the glass rod tube? [1 mark]

(ii) With reference to Diagram 10.1, compare the height of the liquids in the tube, the pressure exerted by the liquids. Given the formula; P = gh. Relate the height of the liquids with the physical quantity that affect the rise of the liquids in the glass tube. [5 marks]

(b) Explain how a siphon works so transfer liquid from one container to another. [4 marks]

(b) With reference to Diagram 10.2, suggest the modification that needs to be done on the balloon and

the container to enable the balloon to float and carry passenger for tourism purposes. In your explanation, emphasise the following aspects on how:

(i) to float the balloon(ii) to carry passengers(iii) to control the height of the balloon(iv) the safety of the passengers. [10 marks]5. Diagram 9.1 show a hydraulic lift used to raise

weight of 200 N and 800 N placed on the pistons Q and R respectively.The pressure exerted on piston P is 1000 N m-2. Cross sectional area of piston Q and piston R is 0.2 m2 and 0.8 m2 respectively.

DIAGRAM 9.1(a) (i)What is meant by pressure? [1 mark] (ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1, calculate the

pressure exerted by the liquid M on the piston Q and piston R. Compare the pressure exerted on the piston P, Q and R..Relate the pressure exerted by piston P on the piston Q and R with the liquid M. [5 marks]

(b) Diagram 9.2 shows the toothpaste flows out of it’s tube while squeezing at the bottom end.

DIAGRAM 9.2Explain how the toothpaste flows out and name a physics principle related to it. [4 marks]

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a hidraulic jack which can lift up a maximum mass of 1 metric tonne.

DIAGRAM 9.3Using suitable physics concepts, explain the modification that needs to be done to the

i. size of the piston,ii. material of the body,iii. type of liquid used,iv. handle andv. ability to reset the piston position easily

of the hidraulic jack to enable it to lift mass of greater quantity. [10 marks]

6. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows an object floating in liquid X of density 1000 kg m-3. Diagram 8.2 shows the same object floating in a liquid Y of density 1025 kg m-3.

(i) What is meant by density? [1 mark] (ii) Using Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2, compare the

levels of the objects in X and Y, the volume of liquid displaced by the objects and the buoyant force on the object. Relating the mass of the object, the volume of liquid displaced and the density of liquid, deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(iii) Name the physics principle that the above situation [1 mark]

(b) A submarine can sail on the sea surface and under the sea. Explain how a submarine submerges from the sea surface

(c) Diagram 8.3 shows the working principle of a hydrometer. The depth to which the hydrometer sinks in a liquid depends on the density of the liquid.

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Explain how you would design a hydrometer that can determine a wide range of densities of liquid. Draw a diagram that shows the design of your hydrometer and in your explanation, emphasise the following aspects:(i) the stability of the hydrometer(ii) the sensitivity of the hydrometer(iii) the ability to measure a wide range of densities

of liquids(iv) the calibration of the hydrometer [10 marks]

7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a metal block immersed in water of density 100 kgm-3, labeled as experiment A. Diagram 7.2 shows the same metal block immersed in a salt solution of density 1100 kg m-3, labeled as experiment B.

(i) What is meant by buoyant force? [1 mark](ii) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2,

compare the volume and the mass of liquid displaced. Relate the buoyant force in the two experiments to determine the readings of the spring balance.

[5 marks] (b)(i) If the mass of water displaced in experiment A is

425 g, what is the buoyant force on the block in experiment A?

(ii) State the principle used to find the answer in (b)(i) (iii) Find the buoyant force on the block in experiment

B. [6 marks](c) Diagram 7.3 shows an experiment carried out by

putting a metre rule on a table and it was covered by a sheet of newspaper. A student used his hand to push the metre rule downwards.

The student found that it was very difficult to lift the paper.

(i) Explain this observation(ii) Suggest the modification that needs to

be done on the newspaper to enable the newspaper to be easier to lift up.

8. (a) Diagram 9.1 shows a student holds a sheet of paper in still air. Diagram 9.2 shows a hair dryer is used to blow air across the upper surface of the paper.

(i) What is meant by Bernoulli’s principle? [1 mark](ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare

the speed of the air on the both sides of the paper. Relating the speed of air with its pressure to explain why the paper is lifted up when air is blow towards the top of the paper in Diagram 9.2.

[4 marks]

(iii) Name the physics principle that explains the above situation [1 mark]

(iv) Explain the function of Bunser butner. Draw a suitable diagram to describe it. [4 marks]

(b) Diagram 9.3 shows a horizontal tube fixed with a manometer and the manometer is filled with water. Diagram 9.4 shows an air current is passed through the same horizontal tube with a constant velocity and the water lever in the two arms of the manometer rises to different height.

(i) In diagram 9.3, explain why the mercury levels in the two arms of the manometer are at the same height.

(ii) In diagram 9.4, explain why the mercury levels in the two arms of the manometer are at different height. [4 marks]

(c) You are a designer of airplanes. Explain how you going to the wings of a plane. Explain how is the design helps to produce a lifting force on the airplanes. [5 marks]

9. Johan wears two types of shoes for running on

different grounds. Figure 2.1 below shows the shoes worn by Johan when he goes jogging along the beach. He usually jogs without stopping for about 30 minutes. During his training session for the 400 m track event on the stadium track, he wears spikes as shown in Figure 2.2

(a) i. What is meant by pressure? [1m]ii. Observe Figure 2.1 and 2.2. Compare the main features of the surface of the shoes in contact with the ground, condition of the ground and the time of contact during their use. Relate the functional use of the two types of shoes on different ground surface to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5m]

(b) A 5-storey building has a mass of 6.9 x 1010 kg and a ground surface area of 8 100 m2. Calculate in MPa , the pressure exerted on the ground by the building.

( 1 MPa = 1.0 x 106 N m-2 ) [4m]

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Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2

Figure 2.2

(c) Recently , many organizations try to promote their image by having roadshow at different places. One important piece of equipment they need is a large mobile platform that can be assembled in a very short time Using the appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways to build a mobile platform that can be assembled and usedi. on the field ii. in water [10m]

CHAPTER 4: HEAT1.(a) Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 shows two different situations

that happen in our daily life. Diagram 9.1 shows a hand touching a hot kettle and Diagram 9.2 shows a hand holding an ice. Both are having different temperatures. The arrow in both diagrams indicates the direction of heat flow.

(i) What is meant by temperature? [ 1 mark ]

(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9,2, compare the temperature of the objects, the effect of heat experienced by the hands and the direction of heat flow. Relate the direction of the heat flow to the difference in temperature between objects which are in thermal contact. [ 4 marks ]

(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze which occur during the day. Explain this phenomenon. [ 5 marks ]

(c) Diagram 9.4 shows a desk lamp placed on a desk used by a student. This type of lamp is not suitable to be used as a study lamp.

Diagram 9.4Explain the modifications that can be made to improvise the desk lamp used by the student. Emphasize your explanation in the following aspects: (i) comfort the person who will use the lamp. (ii) to reduce the heat transfer for the desk lamp (iii) the design of the lamp desk (iv) safety features of the lamp (v) the energy efficiency of the lamp [ 10 marks ]2.(a) Figures 9.1 and 9.2 show two types of metal

block of the same mass being heated using similar heaters for 10 minutes. Both metal blocks have the same initial temperatures of 30 oC. The specific heat capacity of copper is 387 J kg-1 oC -1 and 900 J kg-1 oC -1 for aluminium.

FIGURE 9.1

FIGURE 9.2(i) “The specific heat capacity of copper is 387 J kg-1 oC-1”?What is meant by the statement above? [1 mark ](ii) Using Figures 9.1 and 9.2, compare the increase

in temperature and the specific heat capacity of the metals used. Relating the heat supplied, the heat absorbed and the specific heat capacity of the metals, deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks ]

(iii) Name the physics principle that explains the above situation. [1 mark ]

(b) A student standing near the beach could feel the cool breeze from the sea on a hot day. Explain how the cool breeze from the sea occurs. [3 marks ]

(c) A parachutist intends to jump in the Artic region where the temperature ranges from – 72oC to 0oC. He needs to measure the daily temperature of the region where he will be doing his jump by using a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

(i) State two suitable characteristics for the liquid used in the thermometer and explain your answer. [4 marks ]

(ii) Explain three other important characteristics in building the thermometer. [6 marks ]

Figure 9.1(a) Figure 9.2 (b)3. (a) Figure 9.1(a) shows a boy pouring hot coffee into

a cup. The hand of the boy is not scalded by the coffee droplets that are spattered from the kettle. Figure 9.1.(b) shows hot coffee spilling over and getting onto his hand and his hand gets scalded because of the heat capacity in it.

i) What is meant by heat capacity? ( 1 mark ) ii) Using diagrams 9.1(a) and 9.1(b) , compare the

situations , when the coffee droplets spatters on his hand and when the hot coffee from the kettle spills onto his hand. State the relationship between the heat capacity and the mass . ( 5 marks)(b) Explain why water is normally used as a

cooling agent in a car engine. ( 4 marks)(c) An aluminium pan of mass 500 g is heated

from 25° C to 105 º C . How much heat is absorbed by the pan ? ( The specific heat capacity of almunium is 910 Jkg °C ) (4 marks)

(d) As a researcher, you wish to produce an ideal cooking pan which saves gas for the purpose of cooking. Using the appropriate physic concepts, suggest and explain the modifications required. (6 marks)

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4. Diagram 9.1 shows a student standing at the edge of a swimming pool with his right foot on a tiled floor while his left foot reaches into the water during the day time. His left foot feels colder than his right foot. On the other hand , if this action is repeated at night his left foot that is in the water with feel warmer than his right foot which is on the tiled floor, as shown in Diagram 1.2.

DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2(a) ( i) What is meant by heat? [1 mark] (ii) Observe situation in diagram 9.1 and diagram

9.2. Compare the coldness of the floor tiles and the coldness of the water in the swimming pool. State the relationship between the heat content of the floor tiles and the water in the swimming pool in both situations.

(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the car engine radiator. Explain why is water used in the cooling system of the car ?

DIAGRAM 9.3

(a) In the car factory , En Ahmad realized that the engine always become overheated. Using a suitable physics concept, explain the required modification needed to design an engine that can operate longer and to prevent damage to the engine due to overheating. You should use your knowledge of heat to explain these suggestions, include the following aspects:

(i) the design and structure of the radiator. (ii) the characteristic of cooling material. (ii) the suitable of boiling point. [10 marks]

5. Diagram 9.1 shows an ice cube melting when heat is absorbed from the surrounding. Diagram 9.2 shows a

kettle of water boiling when heat is absorbed from the fire.

(a) What is meant by heat? [1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the processes that take place in both situations and the type of heat needed for both processes to occur.Relate the processes with the type of heat needed to deduce a relevant physics concept. Name the physics concept involved. [5 marks]

(c) (i) Your body sweats when you are feeling hot. How does sweating helps to cool down your body? [ 2 marks ]

(ii) Explain why a scald from steam is more serious than the one from boiling water? [ 2 marks ]

(d) Diagram 9.3 shows a simple solar water–heating system. Energy from the Sun falls on the solar panel. Water is pumped around the system so that a store of hot water is made available in the tank.

Using suitable physics concepts, explain the required modification needed in designing an efficient solar water-heating system. The

modification should include the following aspects:(i) pipes design(ii) material used

(iii) heat absorption

[10 marks]

6.(a) Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show two mercury thermometers X and Y used to measure the boiling point of pre water. The two thermometers have equal bulb volume but different capillary length.

(i) Explain what is meant by the sensitivity of a measuring instrument? [1 mark]

(ii) With reference to Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, compare the temperature measured by the two thermometers, the length of mercury threads, the diameter of the capillary tube and the sensitivity of the thermometers. Relate the length of the mercury threads and the temperature measured, make a deduction regarding the sensitivity of the thermometer and the diameter of the capillary tube of the thermometer. [5 marks]

(b) Using your knowledge of heat capacities to explain phenomena sea breeze and land breeze. [4 marks]

(c) A housewife decides to cook a meat. She is given two pots, a aluminium cooking pot and a clay pot.

(i) Explain which pot is more suitable to be used if the housewife want to keep the food at a high temperature for a long time

(ii) Give twp advantages of pot in (c)(i). [10 marks]

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DIAGRAM 9.1DIAGRAM 9.2

DIAGRAM 9.3

7.(a) Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 show a block of copper and a block of aluminium of equal mass heated by identical immersion heater of 50 W each.

Specific heat capacity of copper = 387 Jkg-1 oC-1

Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 Jkg-1 oC-1

The temperature-time graphs for the two experiments are shown in Diagram 7.3 and Diagram 7.4 respectively.

(i) What is meant by specific heat capacity of a substance? [1 mark]

(ii) With reference to Diagram 7.3 and Diagram 7.4, compare the mass, the change temperature and the energy absorbed by the objects. Relate the energies supplied to the objects, the masses of the objects and the change of temperature of the objects, deduce a relationship between the specific heat capacity and the change of temperature of the objects. [5 marks]

(iii) Find the mass of copper used in the experiment. [4 marks]

(b) You are given some materials to make a cooking pot. The materials are copper, wood and aluminium. Using the materials to explain how you are going to make the simple cooking pot.

[10 marks]

8. Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2 show two test tubes containing same mass of water and iron powder respectively. The water and the iron powder have different specific heat capacity, and they are heated at the same rate.

Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2

Temperature of water = 35oC Temperature of iron powder = 85oC

Specific heat Capacity of water = 4200 Jkg-1oC-1 capacity Specific Heat of iron powder = 460 Jkg-1oC-1

specific heat capacity ? (b) Based on Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2,

compare the temperature and specific heat capacity of water and iron powder. Relate the change in temperature and the specific heat capacity to come up with a conclusion of the physics concept involved. [5]

(c) When a few drops of ether is dropped on a student’s hand, his hand felt cool. Explain how this happen . [4]

Figure 9.3 Figure 9.3 shows a food container used for keeping the food warm. Using the appropriate physics concepts, explain the modifications to a food container so that

(i) it is able to maintain the temperature of food for a longer timeit can be moved from one place to

another [10]

CHAPTER 5:LIGHT1.(a). Diagram 9.1 shows a ray of light

directed perpendicularly at a side of the semi circular glass block. The ray passes through the glass block to a point O before leaving the glass block. The angle of incidence in the glass block is 30°.

Diagram 9.1 (i) What is meant by angle of incidence?(ii) Explain how total internal reflection occurs in Diagram 9.1 above? [4 marks](b) Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3 show two

rectangular glass blocks with different optical density and refractive index. Ray of light is directed toward the glass blocks with the same angle of incidence 30°.

Density = 2600 kgm-3 Density = 2670 kgm-3

Diagram 9.2 Diagram 9.3Based on Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3, (i) compare the densities of the glass blocks. (ii) compare the refractive index of the glass blocks (iii) compare the angle of refraction of the glass blocks (iv) relate the angle of refraction, r and the

density of the glass blocks.(v) relate the angle of refraction, r and the

refractive index of the glass blocks [5 marks]

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(c) Diagram 9. 4 shows a fibre optic.

You are required to give suggestions to design a fibre optics which can worksefficiently. Using your knowledge on light, and the properties of material, explainthe suggestion based on the following aspects;(i) the refractive index of outer and inner layer (ii) flexibility (iii) strength (iv) thickness (v) density of the glass

2.A slide projector is used to view an image from a slide. The power of the lens used by the projector slide is + 5D.

(a) What is meant by power of lens?. [ 1 mark ] (b) A student used a slide projector to view the image

from the slide. When the slide is place nearer to the lens the sharp image form on the screen as shown in Diagram 9.1.

When the slide is place further from the lens the sharp image form on the screen as shown in

Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the object distance, the image distance and size of image that formed on the screen. Relate the object distance to the image distance and the object distance to the size of image that formed on the screen. [ 5 marks ]

Diagram 9.4 (c) While driving a car on a hot day, you may see a mirage on the road. Explain how mirage occurred. [ 4 marks ]

(d) Diagram 9.5 shows a simple astronomical telescope.

Diagram 9.5By using two prism and a telescope in Diagram 9.5, suggest modification that can be done to make a binocular.In your explanation, (i) draw the arrangement of the prisms and lenses (ii) draw ray diagram to explain how the image form (iii) state two advantages using binocular compared

to telescope when observing far object on the ground.

[ 10 marks ]

3.(a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a transparent block made of a material with a different refractive index. A light ray travel in both blocks with the same incident angle, i.

(i) What is meant by a refractive index? [1 mark] (ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare

the refractive index, refraction angle and critical angle between the two blocks. Base on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, relate the refractive index with critical angle. [5 marks]

(b) (i) State two conditions under which light ray would undergo total internal reflection. [2 marks]

(ii) Diagram 9.3 shows a light ray is incident on a piece of Crown Glass of critical angle 42°.Draw the light ray to show how a ray emerging from the Crown Glass

(c) Diagram 9.4 shows the structure of an optical fibre used in telecommunications.

Optical fibres are made of fine strands of glass. Each single glass fibre (inner core) is coated with a thin layer of another type of glass (outer cladding).You are required to give some suggestions in designing an optical fibre which can carry more information.Explain your suggestions base on the following aspects:(i) refractive index of the inner and outer glass (ii) the properties of material used for optical fibre (iii) the thickness of the glass [10 marks]

4. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show light rays from two identical objects passing through a convex lens.Both situations produce real images. F is the focal point for the convex lens

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(a) (i) What is meant by real image? [1 mark] (i) Based on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare

the object distance, the image distance and the size of image. Relate the size of the image with the image distance to make a deduction regarding the relationship between the object distance and the size of the image. [5 marks]

(b) Describe how you estimate the focal length of a convex lens. [4 marks] (c) You are given two convex lenses, R and S, with focal

lengths of 40 cm and 10 cm respectively. Both the lenses are used to build a compound microscope.

(i) Using the two lenses, explain how you would build a compound microscope. [6 marks]

(ii) Suggest a suitable optical device to modify the microscope you built in (c)(i) to produce brighter image.

(c)(i) supaya menghasilkan imej yang lebih jelas. [2 marks] (iii) Suggest and explain a method to produce a bigger

image in the compound microscope. [2 marks]

5.Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the parallel rays of light directed towards the convex lenses J and K. Both the lenses produce real images. F is the focal point for each lens.

DIAGRAM 9.1

DIAGRAM 9.2

(a) (i) What is meant by focal length? [1 mark]

(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the thickness of the lenses and the effects it has on the refracted rays to make a deduction regarding the relationship between the thickness of the lenses and their focal length.

[5 marks]

(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the ray diagram of a simple microscope.

DIAGRAM 9.3

(i) State the function of the eyepiece. [1 mark](ii) State the characteristics of the image formed by a

microscope. [3 marks](c) You are given two convex lenses S and Q of

different focal length. Lens S has a longer focal length than lens Q.

(i) Using the two lenses above explain how are you would make a simple astronomical telescope. [4 marks]

(ii) Suggest modification that need to be done on the telescope to produce clearer and bigger images. [6 marks]

6.Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 show light rays passing through a convex and a concave lenses.

(a)(i) Define reflective index of a medium [1 mark] (ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare the light ray before and after passing through both lenses. And then deduce a physics concept. [5 marks](b) Explain why a fish in a pond able to see objects around although there are obstacles. [4 marks](c) You are given two right angles prisms to build a periscope (i) Explain how you are going to build a periscope.

[6 marks] (ii) Suggest modification to be made to convert the

periscope to binoculars [4 marks]

7. Figure 9(a) shows a submarine which uses a periscope to see objects above the water surface.

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Fe : Focal point of eyepiece.Fo : Focal point of objective lens.

On a hot and sunny day, a driver sees a pool of water on the road in front of him. The position of driver and the pool of water are as shown in Figure 9(b).(a)(i) Explain the meaning of refractive index [1 mark] (ii) Based on your observations in the above figures,

state the common characteristics. Relate the above common characteristics to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(b) Which mirror is used as the rear mirror of vehicles? Explain your answer. [3 marks]

(c) Figure 9(c) below shows a spear which was thrown by a fisherman towards a fish in a pool.

(i) Given that the spear did not hit the fish, explain the observation.

[3 marks](ii) Draw a ray diagram to show how the image

of the fish is formed. [2 marks]

(iii) Suggest a way which can be used by the fisherman so that the spear hit the target.

[ 1 mark]

(d) Figure 9(d) shows a man who is standing in a swimming pool.

(i) State your observation on the length of his feet and explain your observation.

[3 marks](ii) The depth of water is 0.4 m. calculate

the distance of the image of the foot at point P from the surface of the water. [Refractive index of water = 1.33]

8. Figure 4 shows two ways of making a fire

(a) i. What are the energy changes involved?

[1m]

ii. Based on your observations of the first and second situations, describe the characteristics that differ in the situations. Then correlate the characteristics to develop a physics concept [5m]

(b) At the beginning of the century, a scientist by the name of Archimedes successfully drove off enemy ships with the help of women and children using only mirrors. How did the

women and children help Archimedes? [4m]

(c) Periscope using prisms are better than those using mirrorsi. How does the prismatic periscope

function? [4m] ii. How can a prismatic periscope be

modified to see distant object [6m]

9.(a) Diagram 7.1 shows the parallel rays of light directed towards the concave mirrors P and Q. In each diagram, C is the centre of curvature, CM is the radius of curvature of the mirror and F is the focal point of the lens.

(a) What is meant by centre of curvature? [1 mark](b) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2, compare the

curvature of mirrors P and Q and the effects on reflected rays. State the relationship between the curvature of the mirrors and their focal lengths.

[5 marks](c) Diagram 7.3 shows a girl standing in front of a concave mirror. The image formed in the mirror is virtual image and bigger than original size.

Explain what happens to the image if(i) the girl moves backwards 2 m (the focal

length is 0.8 m)(ii) the concave mirror replaced with convex

mirror You may use the diagram to illustrate your answers. [4 marks]

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Figure 4

(d) You are given two pieces of plane mirrors measuring 4 cm x 5 cm and a long cardboard tube to make a periscope.(i) Using the plane mirrors and other materials, describe how you would make the periscope.(ii) Explain why the images observed through the periscope using plane mirrors are not very clear.(iii) Suggest modification that can be made to the periscope to produce clearer and bigger images. [10 marks]

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