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Week IX & X Reading Comprehension Techniques
44

Scanning & Skimming (English)

Aug 31, 2014

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Ali Zulfiqar

 
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Page 1: Scanning & Skimming (English)

Week IX & X

Reading Comprehension Techniques

Page 2: Scanning & Skimming (English)

Why do we read?Information

Information/pleasure

Pure pleasure

Exams !!!

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What do we read?BooksNewspapers, MagazinesPhotocopies, articlesNoticesCorrespondenceForms, SignsHandheld media devicesComputer screensMulti-media carriers

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What is the content?Fiction (long and short)Songs PlaysCurrent events, feature articles and

essaysAcademic articles, reports, reviewsWarnings, directionsLetters, postcards and notesBusiness letters, solicitationsT-shirt messages, bumper stickersRaw data

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What is the text structure?Charts, graphs, illustrationsIsolated lines of textFree formInterlinear notesPoint and click imagesExpositoryNarrativeHeadings, subheadings

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What skills do we use?

SkimmingScanningExtraction of specific

informationIn-depth (extensive) readingMeta cognition

(Hudson, 2007, p. 27)

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Hard to believe but…• Reading applies to every

class and everything you do on a daily basis!– Math– Social Studies– English– And yes…computers too!

• Think about it… Reading is all around you…

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What Good Readers Do…Make ConnectionsVisualizeInferDetermine ImportanceSynthesize

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Making Connections

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How Do Good Readers Make Connections?

They think about what the story reminds them of in their own lives

They think about how the story relates to their own lives

They think about other books they have read

They think about things that happen in the world

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Visualizing

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How Do Good Readers Visualize?Create pictures in their headMake the words on the page real and

concreteCreate a movie of the text in their

headBuild meaning as they go by

visualizingCreate images from all of their

senses

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Inferring

I wonder…Could it be?

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How Do Good Readers Infer?Read between the linesMake own discoveries without the

author directly statingUse text clues, prior knowledge, and

questions to come up with a conclusion

Create meaning based on own notions

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How does inferring help me think as I read?Draw conclusions based on clues in the

textMake predictions before and during

readingSurface underlying themesUse implicit information from the text to

create meaning during and after reading

Use the pictures to help gain meaning

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Determining Importance

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How Do Good Readers Determine Importance?

Get the bigger ideas and themesUse text features and clues to help

them figure out the important information

Some features and clues include: italicized words, pictures, graphs, key words, and headings

Always look over the entire selection to get an idea of what the topic is about

Carefully highlight key information

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How does determining importance help me think as I read?It helps me to not have to memorize the

whole textIt helps me figure out what is important

information and what is not important to remember

It helps me figure out what the text is about as a whole before

It helps me to remember to stop and ask myself if what I am reading makes sense

It helps me to look at features such as: bold words, italicized words, pictures, captions, headings, graphs and know that I should pay attention to these words

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Synthesizing

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How Do Good Readers Synthesize?Take individual pieces of information and

combine them with our background knowledge

Form a new picture or ideas from the pieces of information

Create an original ideaSee a new perspectiveCombine the strategies of making

connections, visualizing, questioning, inferring, and summarizing

Ask ourselves, “How has our thinking changed from reading the text?”

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How does synthesizing help me think as I read?Take in a lot of different facts, think about

them, and learn something new Sift through a lot of information, take out

the key ideas and put them together to get the overall sense of the reading material

Weave together what I read and my own ideas into new, complete thoughts

Use the prompts: I have learned that…This gives me an idea…Now I understand that…

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How can we improve our reading???

Two important techniques include:

Scanning

And

Skimming

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What is skimming?

Skimming refers to reading a paragraph quickly to get an idea of

what it is about, without trying to understand its details.

This is a technique used to identify the main ideas of a text. 

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What is skimming?

When skimming,don’t read every thing but try to skip the

textread the first and last sentences ofparagraphsread the introduction, and the summary read a few examples until you understandthe concepts they are meant to illustrate

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What is skimming???Skimming is used to quickly identify the main

ideas of text. It works well to find dates, names and places.

Skimming strategies include:Reading the first and last paragraphs.Using headings, summary and other organizers

as you move down the page or screen. Read the title, subtitles, subheadings, and

illustrations. Read the first sentence of each paragraph. This

technique is useful when you're seeking specific information rather than reading for comprehension.

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What is skimming???• Skimming is reading selectively to

get a general idea of what an article is about.

• Read some parts/skip others.• Look for the most important ideas.• Read for main ideas.• Skip facts and details.

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What is skimming???• Skim through a review of the metric

system if you already are familiar with it.• Skim a section of a reference book if you

are looking for specific information• Skim a newspaper report if you wish only

to understand the main events.

• Skim a movie review to make a decision on seeing a movie.

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What is skimming???Skimming: quickly running one's eyes

over the test to get the gist or general understanding. (Grellet, 1981)

"Skimming gives readers the advantage of being able to predict the purpose of the passage, the main topic or message, and possible some of the developing or supporting ideas."

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What is skimming???Scanning: quickly searching for some

particular piece of information in the text.  (Grellet, 1981)

"The purpose of scanning is to extractcertain specific information without

readingthrough the whole text." (Brown, 1994)

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What is skimming???Read the title.Read the subtitle or introductory byline.Read the headings.Read the first sentence of each paragraph.Read the key words.Read the title or legend of graphics.Read the last paragraph or summary.

Page 31: Scanning & Skimming (English)

Skimming Textbook Chapters

Focus on:Chapter objectives and

introductions.Headings and typographical

aids.Graphic and visual aids.Review and discussion

questions.

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Skimming Newspaper Articles

Read the:• Title• Opening paragraphs• First sentences of remaining

paragraphs

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Limitations of SkimmingCannot expect to retain facts

and details.Expect 50% comprehension

rate.Use only when reading for

general concepts.

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What is Scanning?Scanning refers to reading a text quickly in order to locate specific pieces of information. 

When scanning,

don't start from the beginning and read to the end

jump around in the text, trying to find the information you need can’t read every word / skip many words

look for information as quickly as you can

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What is Scanning?

You can scanA table of contents in a book or magazineAn index in a textbookA timetableThe ads in a newspaperA list of movies in the newspaperA telephone book The page of a dictionaryA passage/text/article to quickly find the

information mentioned in the question.

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What is scanning?Scanning is a technique you often use

when you are looking for key words or ideas.

– In most cases, you know what you're looking for, so you're concentrating on finding a particular answer.

Page 37: Scanning & Skimming (English)

ScanningScanning is searching for a

specificpiece of information; your only

purpose is to locate that information.

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Scanning1. Check the Organization.2. Form Specific Questions.3. Anticipate Word Clues.4. Identify Likely Answer Locations.5. Use a Systematic Pattern.6. Confirm Your Answer.

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Reading TechniquesScanning: quickly searching for some

particular piece of information in the text. (Grellet, 1981)

"The purpose of scanning is to extract certain specific information without reading through the whole text." (Brown, 1994)

Page 40: Scanning & Skimming (English)

How do you scan?Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page looking for specific words and phrases. Scanning can be used when you first find a resource to determine whether it will answer your questions. Once you've scanned the document, you might go back and skim it. When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers such as numbers, letters, steps, or the words, first, second, or next. Look for words that are bold faced, italics, or in a different font size, style, or color. Sometimes the author will put key ideas in the margin.

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So……………Skim, to understand the general idea of a passage and …

Scan for specific words, numbers, details or answers.

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READING AND STUDY SKILLS: NOTE TAKING

First Step - PREPARATION

Use a large, loose-leaf notebook. Use only one side of thepaper. (you then can lay your notes out to see the directionof a lecture.) Draw a vertical line 2 1/2 inches from the leftside of you paper. This is the recall column. Notes will betaken to the right of this margin. Later key words or phrasescan be written in the recall column.

Page 43: Scanning & Skimming (English)

READING AND STUDY SKILLS: NOTE TAKING

Second Step - DURING THE READING

Record notes in paragraph form. Capture

General ideas, not illustrative ideas. Skip lines

to show end of ideas or thoughts. Using

abbreviations will save time. Write legibly.

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READING AND STUDY SKILLS: NOTE TAKING

Third Step - AFTER THE READING

Read through your notes and make it more legible if

necessary. Now use the column. Jot down ideas or key

words which give you the idea of the lecture. (REDUCE)

You will have to reread the lecturer's ideas and reflect in

your own words. Cover up the right-hand portion of your

notes and recite the general ideas and concepts of the

lecture. Overlap your notes showing only recall columns

and you have your review.