Scada For G Mgt

..

Presentation byPresentation by

A N I L G. P A T I LA N I L G. P A T I L

Area Load Despatch Centre, AmbazariArea Load Despatch Centre, AmbazariMSETCL, NagpurMSETCL, Nagpur

email: [email protected]: [email protected]

2010

SCADA Application in

Grid Management

SCADA ?SCADA ?

Supervisory

Control

And

Data

Acquisition

Formation of National gridFormation of National gridNR-WR-ER-NER parallel operationNR-WR-ER-NER parallel operation

NR

SR

ER+NERWR 400 KV Rourkela-RaipurD/C

220 KV Budhpadar-Korba T/C(1000 MW)

Vin HVDC b-to-b (500 MW)

Bhadravati HVDC b-to-b (1000 MW)

Talchar-Kolar HVDC b-to-b (1500 MW)

Sasaram HVDC b-to-b (500 MW)

• The term SCADA refers to a large-scale, distributed measurement and conrol system. It is usually a central system that monitors and controls a complete site.

• SCADA system comprises of software package interfaced with the hardware.

• Central Control Room with Host Computers/workstations/Task servers.

• Transducer Panel• Multiple Remote Terminal Units

(RTUs) or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

• Communication Infrastructure

SCADA SYSTEM COMPONENTS

DAC: DAC: overviewoverview

Load DespatchControl Centre

Power Plant

Boiler Turbine Generator

Substation Switchyard

Transformer Breaker

CT, PT, CVT, Optical sensor

Power plant Control Room

RTU•IED•PLC

Panels:•Transducer•Control•Relay

Panels:•Transducer•Control•Relay

Substation Control Room

•RTU•IED•PLC

Panels:•Transducer•Control•Relay

Panels:•Transducer•Control•Relay

Generation: Data & Control

Transmission

Transmission:Data & Control

Generation

GPS receiver

GPS receiver

• SCADA system contains all functions of data acquisition, data processing, data storage and retrieval, data output / display and supervision.

SCADA

ApplicationsApplications

• Electricity Generation• Power Transmission and Distribution• Chemical Industries• Steel Industries• Gas Pipelines• Railways

SCADA for Power System ControlSCADA for Power System Control

SCADA for Power System SCADA for Power System ControlControl

• SCADA is a powerful tool for the Load Dispatchers to monitor the power system parameters in real time mode thereby maintaining the security and stability of power system.

• Data is acquired from various power stations/ EHV sub-stations, processed in real time mode and displayed for Load Dispatchers in various formats / single line diagrams.

SCADASCADA----IMPORTANCE----IMPORTANCE

• The main task of the load dispatcher is to ensure quality and reliable power at an economical rate. To fulfill this commitment, LD must have upto date and reliable information of power stations and important EHV sub-stations under control.

Why SCADA System is neededWhy SCADA System is needed??

• Now a days with the increasing capacity of the integrated power system day by day, the complexity has also increased and controlling and monitoring of the power system has become a cumbersome task due to dynamic variations of system parameters such as active power, reactive power, voltage, frequency etc. which needs close monitoring.

• SCADA is the powerful tool to monitor the system parameters in real time mode and give readymade solutions to LDs for taking corrective measures to maintain stability/ security.

Major ApplicationsMajor Applications of SCADA for Power of SCADA for Power System ManagementSystem Management

• EMS Applications• Expert Systems• Substation Automation &

Controls• Distribution Automation• Outage Management

RTU 1 RTU 2 RTU 21

SCADA SYSTEM AT ALDC AMBAZARI

SCADA SYSTEM AT SLDC KALWA

RTU 1 RTU 2 RTU 44

EMS SYSTEM

WRLDC

64 KBPS Leased line

200 Baud PLCC Links

200 Baud PLCC Links

SSupervisoryupervisory CControlontrol AAndnd DDataata AAcquisitioncquisition

Overview of SCADA System

MPEB

GEB

GOA

DC

DC

Sinaut Spectrum SCADA, Kalwa Sinaut Spectrum SCADA, Ambazari

13 RTU’s

GPS

NAGCSMMI . .Sinaut Spectrum EMS

MMI

Chandrapur – Padge HVDC SCADA

TCI1 TCI2

ICCP1

MMICOMADM..ICCP2

. . . . . . . . .ICCP1

ICCP2

TCI1 TCI2MMICOMADM

. . . . . . . . .

..

Data Links

2 X 64 Kbps

. .ULDC SCADA at WRLDC

ICCP

6 x 64 KbpsOPF Link

9 IECRTUs

1 IEC RTU

Ethernet Hub / Switch Ethernet Hub / Switch

. . . . . . . . .

GPS

26 RTUs

4 Nos.

10 RTUs

7 RTU’sCSEB

Real time Data Requirements at LD Centre

• Analog measurands • Active power MW • Reactive power MVAR • Current amps • Bus Voltages • Frequency • Transformer tap positions• Status Indications • CB • Isolator • Alarms • CB Trip • Bus protection • Station Battery failure • Communication failure

Above data for own Network elements, interstate tie lines and important neighbouring state elements

SSupervisoryupervisory CControlontrol AAndnd DDataata AAcquisitioncquisition

Highlights of SCADA system

➲ Sinaut Spectrum SCADA functions are distributed among 64 Bit, RISC, SUN Ultra 10 Servers on LAN.

➲ 10 Nos. of IEC RTU are integrated in the system

➲ System supports Sinaut 8FW RTU protocol as well as internationally accepted IEC -870 - 5 -101 protocol.

➲ ICCP protocol based on international standards for data exchange between SLDC, Kalwa and ALDC, Ambazari as well as RLDC, Marol

➲ Huge memory capacity, faster speed and response.

➲ 200 % additional capacity for future expansion

The Front End processor is capable of acquiring data from 35 Direct RTUs, However, with the usages of Data Concentrator 560 RTUs can be connected to each system.

SCADA System Set up

SCADA and EMS SCADA

DCs - 4

RTUsIEC–101 Sinaut 8FW

RTUsIEC–101 Sinaut 8FW

ICCP with PGCIL

ICCP on 64 Kbps

Transducers

Relays

PLCC Communication

SCADA Architecture for Control Centres

WRLDCTPC & REL

IED

IED

Protection Alarms from Numerical Relays

Transducers

GPS

2MBps Links

ICCP Links

SCADA Functional Requirements

• Data Acquisition FEPs, cyclic, spontaneous, Renewal Check old/new comparison, I/ state suppression,Plausibility Check,threshold• Data Processing Measured values, statuses,alarms • Analog value Gradient, limit check, sum, quality flag etc. • Logic operations Calc. rules using logic & functional operators.• Supervisory control Single & sequence switching, Check, interlockings• Tagging Manual updating, Notes for tag• Sequence-Of-Events (SOE) time stamp (msec) at RTU, Buffer• Data storage Archive duration and a storage period, modifications• Data Retrieval Query based application• Disturbance Data Pre- and post-disturbance conditions. ‘Post Mortem’ • Disturbance triggers Excessive ACE, Freq diff., CB trip, combinations• SQL interface Operational planning, reporting, Excel• Data Exchange With other Control Centres, RDBMS Oracle

RTU Features

• Modular, open and technology-independent system structure • Multi-processor system • Binary I/O cards suitable for up to 220VDC interface• Online parameter modification • LED's for indications of all process- and operating conditions• Secured internal communication • Storage of all parameters, configuration• Periodical & Spontaneous processing • time-stamping • Prioritization of Messages • Archiving of data • IEC61850 communication protocol with IEDs• IEC60870-5-103, MODBUS, or DNP3 protocols • High EMC • IEC 101/104 protocol • Auxiliary Supply 48 VDC• data transmission rates from 50 to 38400 bits per second • Support Local MMI over IEC-103 or 61850• Local User Maintenance Interface

RTU Functions

• communication with IEDs using selection of protocols • communication with Master station• General Interrogation Response• Exception Reporting• Message Security• collect analog data • acquire status indications• Sequence Of Event (SOE) Collection • Digital Control Output to field devices Two-state devices, Variable Output Devices • Internal Clock, GPS synchronisation• Availability • Expandability • Maintainability• Life span

SCADA Architecture

• Main Backup Configuration disaster management • Dual LAN Configuration• Multisite operation uniform database• Functional Distribution• Redundancy for critical functions• Communication with other Control Centres over ICCP• System Security Firewall• Access Rights user & workstation specific• Online database modifications Test & implement• Remote MMI support• Expandable • Maintainable• High availability• Life Span

User interface Requirements

• SLD Display system guide user • Window Environment overlapping multiple windows• Each window supports max min resize menu bar scroll• Panning , Zooming and decluttering • Operator Alarming audible, flashing• Snapshots• Topological Network Coloring de-energised, grounded• Curve Displays and Trending • Help Function • Summaries General, message, system, acknowledge• Notes attached to system elements, Edit store & retrieve• Tabular Displays real time and archieved values• Logs and Reports Periodic,predefined time• Report generation system Modifications, activation events,combination• Hard and soft copies

Software & Hardware Requirements

• Administration and diagnostic tools performance, simulation• Time synchronization GPS, Master to all servers• Automatic system re-start/changeover Fault detection, errors,watchdog• Open System Standards • Operating System IEEE Posix Compliant• Application Software C, C++, Java ANSI Standards• Full Graphic User Interface Online data activation, Multi user sessions Undo, Logs, global figures

• Servers single family• Workstations UI• TFT Monitors• Hard Copy Devices B/w Color• Cartridge Tape Units 40GB• LAN Switches• Video Projection System

• Remote Terminal Units• Data Concentrators• Bay IEDs• Transducers• Local MMI• RTU Maintenance Tool• Comm. Interfaces

Hardware

At LD Centres At Substations

MWTRANSDUCER

800-0-800

O/P +/- 10 mA A.E.

D.E.

FWP0 to 250

Binary value

VFT2.4 – 4 KHz

PLCC50 – 500 KHZ

VFT2.4 – 4 KHz

PLCC50 – 500 KHZ

TeleControl

Interface

MMI

L.D. Ambazari220

RTU

400 KVNE

400 KV NETWORK OVERVIEW

Typical Real Time Generation Overview

2929

Maharashtra State Power System Real Time OverviewMaharashtra State Power System Real Time Overview

NATIONAL GRID OVERVIEW

ADVANCED SCADAADVANCED SCADA

FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS

EMS ApplicationsEMS Applications• SCADA is a prerequisite for EMS (Energy

Management System) which offers several powerful functions to ease the power system operations, to raise the system security and to facilitate the personal training. All these functions serve to reach the most efficient operations as quick as possible.

• SCADA system can be extended by following EMS servers– Network Analysis (NA)– Generation Control & Scheduling (GCS)– Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS) & Power

System Simulator (PSS)

Network Analysis (NA) ServerNetwork Analysis (NA) Server

• Network analysis functions such as State estimator, on-line load flow calculation, on-line short circuit calculation, contingency evaluation etc. forms an integral part of the network control system in many power utilities.

• Proven to be useful aids in operational management of network enabling the timely detection of work points in the network and as decision making aids in difficult situations.

Functions of NAFunctions of NA Server Server

Basic functionsNA Sequence control NA operation/display routines

Case Management

ExternalNetworkmodeling

NetworkStatus

processor

Busscheduler

Stateestimator

On-lineLoad flow

Penalty factorcalculation

On-lineShort-circuit

Contingencyevaluation

Optimal power flowVoltage/Varscheduling

Voltage/Vardispatch

EmergencyConstrained

dispatch

Active powerRemedial

action

Active powerRemedial

action

LAN

GCSGCS Server Server

• The purpose of Generation Control & Scheduling (GCS) server is– Frequency maintenance & observations of

contracts by optimized generation dispatch– Minimization of generation costs– Calculation of demand– Observation of generation costs in

comparison with optimized costs– Definition & control of interchange contracts– Wheeling loss calculation

GCSGCS Server Server

Schedule Management System

Unit commitmentHydro unit calculation

Hydro thermal coordination

Water worthValue

calculation

InterchangeTransactionEvaluation

Short termLoad

forecasting

ReserveMonitor

Economic Dispatch

Productioncosting

InterchangeTransactionEvaluation

Data Acquisition & Control

Interchangescheduling

AutomaticGeneration

Control

AGCPerformance

Monitor

EnergyAccounting H

isto

rical D

ata

M

an

ag

em

en

t

Man

Mach

ine I

nte

rface

Sub-station Automation &Sub-station Automation & IntegrationIntegration

• Sub-station automation is rapidly increasing area of interest and benefit to Power utilities.

• Sub-station automation goes beyond traditional SCADA to provide added capability and information that can further improve operations and maintenance, increase system & staff efficiency.

Sub-station Automation & Sub-station Automation & IntegrationIntegration

• Applications and data of interest may include remote access to IED/relay configuration ports, waveform, event data, diagnostic information, video for security or equipment status assessment, metering, switching, volt/VAR management, and others.

• Newer microprocessor based relays and other intelligent devices have interfaces such as DNP 3.0 over TCP/IP/Ethernet. Additionally, more utilities are gaining access to fiber optic based communication and /or IP Wireless communication at sub-stations which can greatly enhance sub-station automation possibilities and benefits.

Expert SystemExpert System

• Objectives :The expert system base provides knowledge base for storing and maintaining all relevant network data, communicates with a SCADA system and controls all expert system applications.

• System :The basic Expert system consists of a knowledge base, an event manager module and a set of SCADA interface functions.

Expert SystemExpert System

• While the SCADA / EMS system provides basic tools for efficient network operations, an expert system can further expand the efficiency and safety of operations.

• Applications of Expert System– A disturbance analysis system identifies & locates

network faults.– A remedial action system isolates faults, restores

unsupplied stations or removes overloads.– Voltage control stability.

Expert SystemExpert SystemThe functional features for Expert System covers all state of

the art functionality for following packages 1) Intelligent Alarm Processor (IAP)2) Power System Restoration (PSR)

The Expert System operates in a real time environment and covers on line processing of real time data and IAP as well as automatic creation and update of knowledge base. The PSR is a model based hybrid expert system combining rules and algorithm. PSR supports the load dispatcher sufficiently in case of emergency.

IAP PSR

InterlockFault

Identification/Diagnostic

Comments/Advices/

Switching Sequence

User Interface

SCADA SYSTEM

Input data

O/P Report List O/P Report List

O/P Result

Expert

System

Expert SystemExpert SystemIntelligent Alarm Processor (IAP) : This on line tool produces

automatically a diagnosis when a fault event occurs in the Energy Network. Typically a fault event creates an alarm inrush and the system operator would have to look up at up to hundreds of alarm messages. Therefore IAP provides information about the fault location in case of network disturbance. It informs to operator the nature and the consequences of the disturbance quickly and exactly.

Input : The input data for IAP that comes from the SCADA for correct output (diagnosis )is :– The topology of the network– The alarms from the automatism– Logical working schema of the automatism.

Output (Diagnosis) :– The date & the time of disturbance– The faulty equipment (transformer, line, bus bars)– The protection system which clears the fault.– Additional information (e.g. breaker failure, automatic recloser successful /

unsuccessful etc. )The report list shall be invoked on the Basic Signaling Display.

Expert SystemExpert System

2) Power System Restoration (PSR) : This on-line tool, considering all the situations occurring during a power system partial or complete break down, presents restoration plan in all possible scenario. It generates the switching sequence automatically and delivers instructions in form of advices for the emergency situation and therefore :

– Avoid critical situations– Assures safe network operation– Avoid stress– Gives complete assistance when unexpected critical event

occurs– Shortens the consumer outage time.

Expert SystemExpert System

• The PSR shall run in the following phases :– Fault isolation– Situation identification– Identification of Islands– Energizing of islands– Connecting of islands– Pick up of load according to energizing of underlying networks– Further meshing and connecting further power stations.

• The PSR have two different points of view– Static Model described by the load flow calculation– Dynamic model described by special formula sets or models.

Expert SystemExpert System

User Interface: The output results of the PSR are mainly instructions for power system restoration and can be displayed in reports and switching jobs having following contents :– Comments – Advices– Switching commands

Expert SystemExpert System

• Advantages – The expert knowledge is made available for any time

use.– The cognitive load on operator can be reduced by

focusing his attention to compacted relevant network information.

– Faster response to network event reduces the risk of additional damages & the duration of outages.

– The potential of human errors is minimized.– Some critical situations can be avoided at all.

Expert SystemExpert System

• Now let us highlight the major advantage of integration of real time Expert System in SCADA, that could have averted blackout on dt 09.11.2007 in Marathwada area of MSETCL Power System considering the following Case Study.

Date : 09.11.2007Time : 17:26 Hrs

.Total Load shedding

Withdrawn Being Diwali.The load of Marathwada Area

To the tune of 1200 MWwas being catered from following

Sources :Total Parly Gen.: 750 MW

Loading on Both 400/220 KV 315 MVA ICTs at Giravali s/s : 330 MW (560 Amps)

220 KV Pusad-Parbhani Ckt: 55 MW220 KV Pusad-Nanded Ckt.: 125 MW

NORMAL STATE

Advice from Expert System :

Watch out for any Gen. loss and ready for implementing conglomerated Load Management Plan for evening peak demand management.

Time : 17:27 HrsTotal Parly Gen.reduced to 570 MWDue to withdrawing of Parly Unit 5.

Loading on Both 400/220 KV 315 MVAICTs at 400KV Girawali s/s

reached to: 430 MW (800) Amps

ALERT STATE

Advice from Expert System :

1. Shift the load of 220 KV Dhamangaon s/s being catered from 220 KV Wardha s/s on 220 KV Amravari s/s thus making 220 KV Wardha a strong source for catering the load of 220 KV Pusad s/s.

2. Shift total load of 220 KV Parbhani s/s on 220 KV Pusad s/s OR shift partial load of Nanded s/s on 220 KV Pusad s/s.

3. And Likewise steps for reducing the loading on both ICTs at Girawali s/s.

Time : 18:17 HrsOverload alarms on both ICTs occurred.

Stage I alarm occurred at 95% of Full loadStage II alarm occurred at 105% of Full load

Time : 18 : 23 HrsParly Gen. Unit 6 tripped.

Total load on both ICTs reached to 1080 Amps.

CRITICAL STATE

Advice from Expert System :

Carry out Distress load shedding in Nanded, Parbhani, Harangul area to the tune of 200 Amps to control the loading

TOTAL COLLAPSE

Time : 18:28:20 HrsBoth 315 MVA ICTs tripped at

400 KV Girawali s/s Causing tripping of remaining gen. units at Parly TPS.

Time : 18:30 Hrs220 KV Pusad, Nanded, Parbhani s/s in dark.

Affecting about 1200 MW load in Marathwada area

DISTURBANCE

Advice from Expert System :

Advice for management for remaining existing loads. Switching Sequence for quick restoration

• Thus it can be very well seen that integration of real time Expert System in SCADA could have possibly averted such and similar types of partial / complete blackouts by advising load dispatcher through set of instructions / switching sequences, technical support etc under such emergency condition, and avoiding total load throw off to the tune of 1200 MW, a huge revenue loss to the company, law & order problems & as well as embarrassment to the company.

ConclusionConclusion

. It is emphasized that SLDC institution, which is apex body for the grid operation in the state in coordination with RLDC, has an important and increasing role in operating the State Grid in an economic, reliable and secure manner and maintain coordination with the RLDC and all users of the grid within the State . To take correct decisions from Real Time System up-dation SCADA-EMS is necessary

Thank You…