S T E E L

S T E E LSteel, the world's foremost construction material, is an alloy of iron, containing between 0.2% and 2% carbon (by weight).

H I S T O R Y :

The advent of commercial steel production in the late 19th century was a result of Sir Henry Bessemer's creation of an efficient way to lower the carbon content in cast iron. By lowering the amount of carbon in iron to about 2%, the harder and more malleable steel is produced.

The development of steel can be traced back 4000 years to the beginning of the Iron Age. Proving to be harder and stronger than bronze, which had previously been the most widely used metal, iron began to displace bronze in weaponry and tools.

For the following few thousand years, however, the quality of iron produced would depend as much on the ores available as on the production methods.

By the 17th century, iron's properties were well understood, but increasing urbanization in Europe demanded a more versatile structural metal. And by the 19th century, the amount of iron being consumed by expanding railroads provided metallurgists with financial incentive to find a solution to iron's brittleness and inefficient production processes.

A major breakthrough came in 1856 when Henry Bessemer developed an effective way to use oxygen to reduce the carbon content in iron. The modern steel industry was born.

P R O D U C T I O N :

Today, most steel is produced by basic oxygen methods (also known as basic oxygen steelmaking or BOS). BOS is so-named because it requires oxygen to be blown into large vessels containing molten iron and scrap steel.

Although BOS accounts for the largest share of global steel production, the use of electric arc furnaces (EAF) has been growing since the early 20th century and now accounts for about one-third of all steel production.

G R A D E S :

Over 3,500 different grades of steel exist. Commercial steel is generally classified into four groups depending on their metal alloy content and end-use applications:

1. Carbon Steels (including low carbon, medium carbon and high carbon steels)2. Alloy Steels (common alloy metals; manganese, silicon, nickel and chromium)3. Stainless Steels (contain about 10% chromium and classified as austenitic, ferritic and

martensitic)4. Tool Steels (alloyed with high temperature and hard metals, such as molybdenum and

tungsten)

According to the World Steel Association, there are over 3,500 different grades of steel, encompassing unique physical, chemical and environmental properties.

In essence, steel is composed of iron and carbon, although it is the amount of carbon, as well as the level of impurities and additional alloying elements that determines the properties of each steel grade.

The carbon content in steel can range from 0.1-1.5%, but the most widely used grades of steel contain only 0.1-0.25% carbon. Elements such as manganese, phosphorus and sulphur are found in all grades of steel, but, whereas manganese provides beneficial effects, phosphorus and sulphur are deleterious to steel's strength and durability.

Different types of steel are produced according to the properties required for their application, and various grading systems are used to distinguish steels based on these properties. According to the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), steels can be broadly categorized into four groups based on their chemical compositions:

1. Carbon Steels2. Alloy Steels3. Stainless Steels4. Tool Steels5.

1) C A R B O N S T E E L S :

A steel whose properties are determined primarily by the amount of carbon present. Apart from iron and carbon, manganese up to 1.5% may be present as well as residual amounts of alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, etc. It is when one or more alloying elements are added in sufficient amount that it is classed as an alloy steel.

Carbon steels contain trace amounts of alloying elements and account for 90% of total steel production. Carbon steels can be further categorized into three groups depending on their carbon content:

Low Carbon Steels/Mild Steels contain up to 0.3% carbon

Uses:    Sheets, wires, pipes.

Medium Carbon Steels contain 0.3 – 0.6% carbon

Uses:     Rails, boilers, plates, axles, structures.

High Carbon Steels contain more than 0.6% carbon

Uses:     Surgical instruments, razor blades, cutlery, spring.

C A R B O N 

Although not usually considered as an alloying element, is the most important constituent of steel. It raises tensile strength, hardness and resistance to wear and abrasion. It lowers ductility, toughness and machinability.

2) A L L O Y S T E E L S :

A steel to which one or more alloying elements other than carbon have been deliberately added (e.g. chromium, nickel, molybdenum) to achieve a particular physical property.

Alloy steels contain alloying elements (e.g. manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum) in varying proportions in order to manipulate the steel's properties, such as its hardenability, corrosion resistance, strength, formability, weldability or ductility. Applications for alloys steel include pipelines, auto parts, transformers, power generators and electric motors.

M A N G A N E S E

Manganese is a key component in the production of steel. Although classified as a minor metal, the quantity of manganese produced worldwide each year falls behind only iron, aluminum, copper and zinc.

Properties:

Atomic Symbol: Mn Atomic Number: 25

Element Category: Transition Metal Density: 7.21 g/cm³ Melting Point: 2274.8°F (1246°C) Boiling Point: 3741.8° F (2061 °C) Mohs Hardness: 6

Characteristics:

Manganese is an extremely brittle and hard, silvery-grey metal. The twelfth most abundant element in the earth's crust, manganese increases strength, hardness and wear resistance when alloyed in steel.

It is manganese’s ability to readily combine with sulphur and oxygen, which make it critical in the production of steel. Manganese's proclivity to oxidize helps to remove oxygen impurities, while also improving the workability of steel at high temperatures by combining with sulphur to form a high melting sulphide.

Mn-Steel     It contains 10%-18% Mn.     Uses:     Rail tracks, armor plate, safe.

N I C K E L

Nickel is a strong, lustrous, silvery-white metal that was not isolated by scientists until the mid-18th century, but is now a staple of our daily lives and can be found in everything from the batteries that power our television remotes to the stainless steel that is used to make our kitchen sinks.

Properties:

Atomic Symbol: Ni Atomic Number: 28 Element Category: Transition metal Density: 8.908 g/cm3

Melting Point: 2651 °F (1455 °C) Boiling Point: 5275 °F (2913 °C) Moh’s Hardness: 4.0

Characteristics:

Pure nickel reacts with oxygen and, therefore, is seldom found on the earth's surface, despite being the fifth most abundant element on (and in) our planet. In combination with iron, nickel is extremely stable, which explains both its occurrence in iron containing ores and its effective use in combination with iron to make stainless steel.

Nickel is very strong and resistant to corrosion, making it excellent for strengthening metal alloys. It is also very ductile and malleable, properties that allow its many alloys to be shaped into wire, rods, tubes and sheets.

Ni-Steel     It contains 2% to 4% Ni.     Uses:     Gear, shaft, cable.

C H R O M I U M

Chromium metal is most widely recognized for its use in chromium plating (which is often referred to simply as 'chrome'), but its largest use is as an ingredient in stainless steels. Both applications benefit from chromium's hardness, resistance to corrosion and ability to be polished for a lustrous appearance.

Properties

Atomic Symbol: Cr Atomic Number: 24 Atomic Mass: 51.996g/mol1

Element Category: Transition Metal Density: 7.19g/cm3 at 20°C Melting Point: 3465°F (1907°C) Boiling Point: 4840°F (2671°C) Moh’s Hardness: 5.5

Characteristics

Chromium is a hard, grey metal that is valued for its incredible resistance to corrosion. Pure chromium is magnetic and brittle, but when alloyed can be made malleable and polished to a bright, silvery finish.

Chromium derives its name from khrōma, a Greek word meaning color, due to its ability to produce vivid, colourful compounds, such as chrome oxide.

T I T A N I U M

Titanium is a strong and lightweight refractory metal. Alloys of titanium are critical to the aerospace industry but, due to their numerous unique properties, are also used in medical, chemical and military applications, as well as in sporting goods.

Properties:

Atomic Symbol: Ti Atomic Number: 22 Element Category: Transition Metal Density: 4.506/cm3 Melting Point: 3034°F (1668°C) Boiling Point: 5949°F (3287°C) Moh's Hardness: 6

Characteristics:

Alloys containing titanium are known for their high strength, light weight and exceptional corrosion resistance.

Despite being as strong as steel, titanium is about 40% lighter in weight, which, along with its resistance to cavitation and erosion, makes it an essential structural metal for aerospace engineers.

Titanium is also formidable in its resistance to corrosion by both water and chemical media. It does this by forming a thin layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on its surface that is extremely difficult for these materials to penetrate.

Having a low modulus of elasticity means that titanium is not also very flexible, but returns to its original shape after bending, resulting in its importance to shape memory alloys.

Titanium is non-magnetic and biocompatible (non-toxic, non-allergenic), which has led to its increasing use in the medical field.

C O P P E R

Copper (Cu) is one of the best electrical conductors of all the metals, and its abundance helped it become the material that tied the world together in telecommunications. Light red in color and easily oxidized to a gritty green hue, copper can be drawn and formed to serve many purposes from architecture and jewelry to water pipes and circuit boards.

Physical Properties

Strength : Copper is a weak metal with a tensile strength about half that of mild carbon steel. This explains why copper is easily formed by hand, but is not a good choice for structures.

Toughness : Copper may not be strong, but it is not easy to break due to its high toughness. This property comes in handy for piping and tube applications, where a rupture can be dangerous and expensive.

Ductility : Copper is very ductile and also very malleable. The electrical and jewelry industries benefit from the ductility of copper.

Conductivity: Second only to silver, copper is not only an excellent conductor of electricity, but also of heat. As a result, copper serves well in applications such as cookware, where it quickly draws heat to the food inside.

A L U M I N U M

Aluminum (also known as aluminium) is the most abundant metal element in the earth's crust. And it's a good thing too, because we use a lot of it. About 41 million tons are smelted each year and employed in a wide arrange of applications. From auto bodies to beer cans, and from electrical cables to aircraft skins, aluminum is a very big part of our everyday lives.

Properties:

Atomic Symbol: Al Atomic Number: 13 Element Category: Post-transition metal Density: 2.70 g/cm3

Melting Point: 1220.58 °F (660.32 °C) Boiling Point: 4566 °F (2519 °C) Moh's Hardness: 2.75

Characteristics:

Aluminum is a lightweight, highly conductive, reflective and non-toxic metal that can be easily machined. The metal's durability and numerous advantageous properties makes it an ideal material for many industrial applications.

3) S T A I N L E S S S T E E L S :

Can be defined as a group of corrosion resisting steels containing a minimum 10% chromium and in which varying amounts of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium as well as other elements may be present. An Englishman, Harry Brearley, is generally acknowledged to be the pioneer who developed stainless steels for commercial use.

Stainless steels generally contain between 10-20% chromium as the main alloying element and are valued for high corrosion resistance. With over 11% chromium, steel is about 200 times more resistant to corrosion than mild steel. These steels can be divided into three groups based on their crystalline structure:

Austenitic: Austenitic steels are non-magnetic and non heat-treatable, and generally contain 18% chromium, 8% nickel and less than 0.8% carbon. Austenitic steels form the largest portion of the global stainless steel market and are often used in food processing equipment, kitchen utensils and piping.

Ferritic: Ferritic steels contain trace amounts of nickel, 12-17% chromium, less than 0.1% carbon, along with other alloying elements, such as molybdenum, aluminum or titanium. These magnetic steels cannot be hardened with heat treatment, but can be strengthened by cold works.

Martensitic: Martensitic steels contain 11-17% chromium, less than 0.4% nickel and up to 1.2% carbon. These magnetic and heat-treatable steels are used in knives, cutting tools, as well as dental and surgical equipment.

4) T O O L S T E E L S :

A generic term applied to a wide range of steels, both plain carbon and alloy. It includes steels suitable for various types of cutting tools, press tools, hot and cold heading dies, moulds for plastics and die- casting, extrusion tools, hand tools, etc.

Tool steels contain tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt and vanadium in varying quantities to increase heat resistance and durability, making them ideal for cutting and drilling equipment. 

Steel products can also be divided by their shapes and related applications:

Long/Tubular Products include bars and rods, rails, wires, angles, pipes, and shapes and sections. These products are commonly used in the automotive and construction sectors.

Flat Products include plates, sheets, coils and strips. These materials are mainly used in automotive parts, appliances, packaging, shipbuilding, and construction. 

Other Products include valves, fittings, and flanges and are mainly used as piping materials.

M O L Y B D E N U M

Molybdenum (often referred to as 'Moly') is valued as an alloying agent in structural and stainless steels because of its strength, corrosion resistance and ability to hold shape and operate at high temperatures.

Properties:

Atomic Symbol: Mo Atomic Number: 42 Element Category: Transition metal Density: 10.28 g/cm3 Melting Point: 4753 °F (2623 °C) Boiling Point: 8382 °F (4639 °C) Moh’s Hardness: 5.5

Characteristics:

Like other refractory metals, molybdenum has a high density and melting point, and is resistant to heat and wear. At 2,623 °C (4,753 °F), molybdenum has one of the highest melting points of all metal elements, while its coefficient of thermal expansion is one of the lowest of all engineering materials. Moly also has a low toxicity.

In steels, molybdenum reduces brittleness as well as enhances strength, hardenability, weldability and corrosion resistance.

T U N G S T E N

Tungsten is a dull silver-colored metal with the highest melting point of any pure metal.

Also known as wolfram, from which the element takes its symbol, W, tungsten is more resistant to fracturing than diamond and is much harder than steel. It is the refractory metal's unique properties - its strength and ability to withstand high temperatures - that make it ideal for many commercial and industrial applications.

Properties:

Atomic Symbol: W Atomic Number: 74 Element Category: Transition Metal Density: 19.24g/cm3

Melting Point: 6192°F (3422°C) Boiling Point: 10031°F (5555°C) Moh's Hardness: 7.5

Production:

Tungsten is primarily extracted from two types of minerals, wolframite and scheelite. However, tungsten recycling also accounts for about 30% of the global supply. China is the world's largest producer of the metal, providing over 80% of the world supply.

Once tungsten ore has been processed and separated, the chemical form, ammonium paratungstate (APT), is produced. APT can be heated with hydrogen to form tungsten oxide or will react with carbon at temperatures above 1925°F (1050°C) to produce tungsten metal.

Applications:

Tungsten's primary application for over 100 years has been as the filament in incandescent light bulbs. Doped with small amounts of potassium-aluminum silicate, tungsten powder is sintered at high temperature to produce the wire filament that is in the center of light bulbs that light millions of homes around the world.

Due to tungsten's ability to keep its shape at high temperatures, tungsten filaments are now also used in a variety of household applications, including lamps, floodlights, heating elements in electrical furnaces, microwave ovens, x-ray tubes and cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) in computer monitors and television sets. The metal's tolerance to intense heat also makes it ideal for thermocouples and electrical contacts in electric arc furnaces and welding equipment. Applications that require a concentrated mass, or weight, such as counterweights, fishing sinkers and darts often use tungsten because of its density.

Tungsten Carbide:

Tungsten carbide is produced either by bonding one tungsten atom with a single carbon atom (represented by the chemical symbol WC) or two tungsten atoms with a single carbon atom (W2C). This is done by heating tungsten powder with carbon at temperatures of 2550°F to 2900°F (1400°C to 1600°C) in a stream of hydrogen gas.

According to Moh's hardness scale (a measure of one material's ability to scratch another), tungsten carbide has a hardness of 9.5, only slightly lower than diamond. For this reason, this hard compound is sintered, a process that requires pressing and heating the powder form at high temperatures, to make products used in machining and cutting. The result are materials that can operate in conditions of high temperature and stress, such as drill bits, lathe tolls, milling cutters and armor piercing ammunition.

Cemented carbide is produced using a combination of tungsten carbide and cobalt powder, and is used to manufacture wear-resistant tools, such as those used in the mining industry. The tunnel-boring machine that was used to dig the Channel Tunnel linking Britain to Europe was, in fact, outfitted with almost 100 cemented carbide tips.

Tungsten Alloys:

Tungsten metal can be combined with other metals to increase their strength and resistance to wear and corrosion. Steel alloys often contain tungsten for these beneficial properties. Many high speed steels - those used in cutting and machining tools like saw blades - contain around 18 percent tungsten.

Tungsten-steel alloys are also used in the production of rocket engine nozzles, which must have high heat resistant properties. Other tungsten alloys include Stellite (cobalt, chromium and tungsten), which is used in bearing and pistons due to its durability and resistance to wear, and Hevimet, which is made by sintering a tungsten alloy powder and is used in ammunition, dart barrels and golf clubs. Superalloys made of cobalt, iron or nickel, along with tungsten, can be used to produce turbine blades for aircrafts.

C O B A L T

Cobalt is a shiny, brittle metal that is used to produce strong, corrosion and heat resistant alloys, permanent magnets and hard metals.

Properties

Atomic Symbol: Co Atomic Number: 27 Atomic Mass: 58.93g/mol Element Category: Transition metal Density: 8.86g/cm3 at 20°C Melting Point: 2723°F (1495°C) Boiling Point: 5301°F (2927°C) Moh's Hardness: 5

Characteristics

Silver-colored cobalt metal is brittle, has a high melting point and is valued for its wear resistance and ability to retain its strength at high temperatures.

It is one of the three naturally occurring magnetic metals (iron and nickel being the other two) and retains its magnetism at a higher temperature (2012°F, 1100°C) than any other metal. In other words, cobalt has the highest Curie Point of all metals. Cobalt also has valuable catalytic properties

P R O P E R T I E S O F S T E E L

H A R D E N A B I L I T Y

The property that determines the depth and distribution of hardness when steel is heated to a given temperature and then quenched (more precisely it may be defined as an inverse measure of the severity of cooling conditions necessary to produce on continuous cooling a martensitic structure in a previously austenitized steel i.e. to avoid transformations in the pearlitic and bainitic ranges). The lower the cooling rate to avoid these transformations, the greater the hardenability. The critical cooling rate is largely a function of the composition of the steel. In general the higher the carbon content, the greater the hardenability, whilst alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, manganese and molybdenum increase the depth of hardening for a given ruling section.

C O R R O S I O N R E S I S T A N C E

Corrosion is the chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its properties.

S T R E N G T H

Strength is a measure of how well a material can resist being deformed from its original shape. Typically, metals are specified for their tensile strength, or their resistance to being pulled apart, but compressive strength is also a legitimate material property describing resistance to being squeezed. Strength is measured in units of pressure, and is typically reported in units of ksi, or "thousands of pounds per square inch."

F O R M A B I L I T Y

The relative ease with which a metal can be shaped through plastic deformation.

W E L D A B I L I T Y

The feasibility of welding a particular metal or alloy. A number of factors affect weldability including chemistry, surface finish, heat-treating tendencies, etc.

D U C T I L I T Y

The property of metal which permits it to be reduced in cross sectional area without fracture. In a tensile test, ductile metals show considerable elongation eventually failing by necking, with consequent rapid increase in local stresses.

P R O C E S S E S

H E A T T R E A T M E N T

Heat treatment is the process of heating and cooling metals to achieve desired physical and mechanical properties through modification of their crystalline structure. The temperature, length of time, and rate of cooling after heat treatment will all impact properties dramatically. The most common reasons to heat treat include increasing strength or hardness, increasing toughness, improving ductility and maximizing corrosion resistance.

C O L D W O R K I N G

Altering the shape or size of a metal by plastic deformation. Processes include rolling, drawing, pressing, spinning, extruding and heading, it is carried out below the recrystallisation point usually at room temperature. Hardness and tensile strength are increased with the degree of cold work whilst ductility and impact values are lowered. The cold rolling and cold drawing of steel significantly improves surface finish.

G E N E R A L P R O P E R T I E S O F S T E E L S

Different types of steel are produced according to the properties required for their application, and various grading systems are used to distinguish steels based on these properties. According to the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), steels can be broadly categorized into four groups based on their chemical compositions:

1. Carbon Steels2. Alloy Steels3. Stainless Steels4. Tool Steels

The following table lists the properties of steels based on the categories noted above. Properties determined at room temperature (77°F/25°C).

General Properties of Steels:

PropertiesCarbon Steels

Alloy Steels

Stainless Steels

Tool Steels

Density (1000 kg/m3) 7.85 7.85 7.75-8.1 7.72-8.0

Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210 190-210 190-210 190-210

Poisson's Ratio 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3

Thermal Expansion (10-

6/K)11-16.6 9.0-15 9.0-20.7 9.4-15.1

Melting Point (°C) 1371-1454

Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K)

24.3-65.2 26-48.6 11.2-36.7 19.9-48.3

Specific Heat (J/kg-K) 450-2081 452-1499 420-500

Electrical Resistivity (10-

9W-m)130-1250 210-1251 75.7-1020

Tensile Strength (MPa) 276-1882 758-1882 515-827 640-2000

Yield Strength (MPa) 186-758 366-1793 207-552 380-440

Percent Elongation (%) 10-32 4-31 12-40 5-25

Hardness (Brinell 3000kg)

86-388 149-627 137-595 210-620

A D V A N T A G E S O F S T E E L

The following advantages in general may be credited to steel as a structural design material:

1. High strength/weight ratio. Steel has a high strength/weight ratio. Thus, the dead weight of steel structures is relatively small. This property makes steel a very attractive structural material for

a. High-rise buildingsb. Long-span bridgesc. Structures located on soft groundd. Structures located in highly seismic areas where forces acting on the structure due to an earthquake are in general proportional to the weight of the structure.2. Ductility. As discussed in the previous section, steel can undergo large plastic deformation before failure, thus providing a large reserve strength. This property is referred to as ductility. Properly designed steel structures can have high ductility, which is an important characteristic for resisting shock loading such as blasts or earthquakes. A ductile structure has energy-absorbing capacity and will not incur sudden failure. It usually shows large visible deflections before failure or collapse.

3. Predictable material properties. Properties of steel can be predicted with a high degree of certainty. Steel in fact shows elastic behavior up to a relatively high and usually well-defined stress level. Also, in contrast to reinforced concrete, steel properties do not change considerably with time.

4. Speed of erection. Steel structures can be erected quite rapidly. This normally results in quicker economic payoff.

5. Quality of construction. Steel structures can be built with high-quality workmanship and narrow tolerances.

6. Ease of repair. Steel structures in general can be repaired quickly and easily.

7. Adaptation of prefabrication. Steel is highly suitable for prefabrication and mass production.

8. Repetitive use. Steel can be reused after a structure is disassembled.

9. Expanding existing structures. Steel buildings can be easily expanded by adding new bays or wings. Steel bridges may be widened.

10. Fatigue strength. Steel structures have relatively good fatigue strength.

D I S A D V A N T A G E S O F S T E E LThe following may be considered as disadvantages of steel in certain cases:

1. General cost. Steel structures may be more costly than other types of structures.

2. Fireproofing. The strength of steel is reduced substantially when heated at temperatures commonly observed in building fires. Also, steel conducts and transmits heat from a burning portion of the building quite fast. Consequently, steel frames in buildings must have adequate fireproofing.

3. Maintenance. Steel structures exposed to air and water, such as bridges, are susceptible to corrosion and should be painted regularly. Application of weathering and corrosion-resistant steels may eliminate this problem.

4. Susceptibility to buckling. Due to high strength/weight ratio, steel compression members are in general more slender and consequently more susceptible to buckling than, say, reinforced concrete compression members. As a result, considerable materials may have to be used just to improve the buckling resistance of slender steel compression members.

S T E E L S E C T I O N SA N G L E S

Designation Depth Width ThicknessRoot

RadiusSectional

AreaWeight

Moment of Inertia - I

mm mm mm mm cm**2 kg/m cm**4RSA 250 x 250 x 35

250 250 35 18 163 128 9264

RSA 250 x 250 x 32

250 250 32 20 150 118 8597

RSA 250 x 250 x 28

250 250 28 18 133 104 7697

RSA 250 x 250 x 25

250 250 25 20 119 93.6 6975

RSA 200 x 200 x 24

200 200 24 18 90.6 71.1 3331

RSA 200 x 200 x 20

200 200 20 18 76.3 59.9 2851

RSA 200 x 200 x 18

200 200 18 18 69.1 54.2 2600

RSA 200 x 200 x 16

200 200 16 18 61.8 48.5 2341

RSA 180 x 180 x 18

180 180 18 18 61.9 48.6 1866

RSA 180 x 180 x 16

180 180 16 18 55.4 43.5 1682

RSA 160 x 160 x 15

160 160 15 17 46.1 36.2 1099

RSA 150 x 150 x 18

150 150 18 16 51 40.1 1050

RSA 150 x 150 x 15

150 150 15 16 43 33.8 898

RSA 150 x 150 150 150 12 16 34.8 27.3 737

x 12RSA 150 x 150 x 10

150 150 10 16 29.3 23 624

RSA 130 x 130 x 12

130 130 12 14 30 23.5 472

RSA 120 x 120 x 15

120 120 15 13 33.9 26.6 445

RSA 120 x 120 x 12

120 120 12 13 27.5 21.6 368

RSA 120 x 120 x 10

120 120 10 13 23.2 18.2 313

RSA 120 x 120 x 8

120 120 8 13 18.7 14.7 255

RSA 100 x 100 x 15

100 100 15 12 27.9 21.9 249

RSA 100 x 100 x 12

100 100 12 12 22.7 17.8 207

RSA 100 x 100 x 10

100 100 10 12 19.2 15.0 177

RSA 100 x 100 x 8

100 100 8 12 15.5 12.2 145

RSA 90 x 90 x 12

90 90 12 11 20.3 15.9 148

RSA 90 x 90 x 10

90 90 10 11 17.1 13.4 127

RSA 90 x 90 x 9

90 90 9 11 15.5 12.2 116

RSA 90 x 90 x 8

90 90 8 11 13.9 10.9 104

RSA 90 x 90 x 7

90 90 7 11 12.2 9.6 92.5

RSA 90 x 90 x 6

90 90 6 11 10.6 8.3 80.3

RSA 80 x 80 x 10

80 80 10 10 15.1 11.9 87.5

RSA 80 x 80 x 8

80 80 8 10 12.3 9.6 72.2

RSA 80 x 80 x 6

80 80 6 10 9.4 7.3 55.8

RSA 75 x 75 x 8

75 75 8 9 11.4 9.0 59.1

RSA 75 x 75 x 6

75 75 6 9 8.7 6.9 45.8

RSA 70 x 70 x 70 70 10 9 13.7 10.3 57.2

10RSA 70 x 70 x 7

70 70 8 9 10.6 8.4 47.5

RSA 70 x 70 x 8

70 70 7 9 9.4 7.4 42.3

RSA 70 x 70 x 6

70 70 6 9 8.1 6.4 36.9

RSA 65 x 65 x 7

65 65 7 9 8.7 6.8 33.4

RSA 60 x 60 x 10

60 60 10 8 11.1 8.7 34.9

RSA 60 x 60 x 8

60 60 8 8 9.1 7.1 29.2

RSA 60 x 60 x 6

60 60 6 8 6.9 5.4 22.8

RSA 60 x 60 x 5

60 60 5 8 5.8 4.6 19.4

RSA 50 x 50 x 8

50 50 8 7 7.4 5.8 16.3

RSA 50 x 50 x 6

50 50 6 7 5.7 4.5 12.8

RSA 50 x 50 x 5

50 50 5 7 4.8 3.8 11.0

RSA 50 x 50 x 4

50 50 4 7 3.9 3.1 9.0

RSA 50 x 50 x 3

50 50 3 7 3.0 2.3 6.9

RSA 45 x 45 x 6

45 45 6 7 5.1 4.0 9.2

RSA 45 x 45 x 5

45 45 5 7 4.3 3.4 7.8

RSA 45 x 45 x 4.5

45 45 4.5 7 3.9 3.1 7.2

RSA 45 x 45 x 4

45 45 4 7 3.5 2.7 6.4

RSA 45 x 45 x 3

45 45 3 7 2.7 2.1 4.9

RSA 40 x 40 x 6

40 40 6 6 4.5 3.5 6.3

RSA 40 x 40 x 5

40 40 5 6 3.8 3.0 5.4

RSA 40 x 40 x 4

40 40 4 6 3.1 2.4 4.5

RSA 40 x 40 x 40 40 3 6 2.4 1.8 3.5

3RSA 35 x 35 x 4

35 35 4 5 2.7 2.1 3.0

RSA 30 x 30 x 5

30 30 5 5 2.8 2.2 2.2

RSA 30 x 30 x 4

30 30 4 5 2.3 1.8 1.8

RSA 30 x 30 x 3

30 30 3 5 1.7 1.4 1.4

RSA 25 x 25 x 5

25 25 5 3.5 2.3 1.8 1.2

RSA 25 x 25 x 4

25 25 4 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.0

RSA 25 x 25 x 3

25 25 3 3.5 1.4 1.1 0.80

RSA 20 x 20 x 3

20 20 3 3.5 1.1 0.9 0.39

C H A N N E L

Designation

Depth

Width

Thickness Web

Thickness

Flange

Sectional Area

Weight

Fillet Radi

us

Moment of

Inertia - Ix

Moment of

Inertia - Iy

Section of

Modulus - Wx

Section of

Modulus - Wy

in in in in in**2 lb/ft in in**4 in**4 in**3 in**32 x 1 2 1 0.13 0.13 0.491 0.577 0.10 0.288 0.045 0.288 0.0642 x 1 1/4 2 1.25 0.17 0.26 0.911 1.071 0.15 0.546 0.139 0.546 0.1783 x 1 1/2 3 1.5 0.13 0.20 0.965 1.135 0.25 1.41 0.22 0.94 0.223 x 1 3/4 3 1.75 0.17 0.26 1.358 1.597 0.25 1.97 0.42 1.31 0.374 x 2 4 2 0.15 0.23 1.478 1.738 0.25 3.91 0.60 1.95 0.454 x 2 1/4 4 2.25 0.19 0.29 1.982 2.331 0.25 5.21 1.02 2.60 0.695 x 2 1/4 5 2.25 0.15 0.26 1.881 2.212 0.30 7.88 0.98 3.15 0.645 x 2 3/4 5 2.75 0.19 0.32 2.627 3.089 0.30 11.14 2.05 4.45 1.146 x 2 1/2 6 2.5 0.17 0.29 2.410 2.834 0.30 14.35 1.53 4.78 0.906 x 3 1/4 6 3.25 0.21 0.35 3.427 4.030 0.30 21.04 3.76 7.01 1.767 x 2 3/4 7 2.75 0.17 0.29 2.725 3.205 0.30 22.09 2.10 6.31 1.107 x 3 1/2 7 3.5 0.21 0.38 4.009 4.715 0.30 33.79 5.13 9.65 2.238 x 3 8 3 0.19 0.35 3.526 4.147 0.30 37.40 3.25 9.35 1.578 x 3 3/4 8 3.75 0.25 0.47 4.923 5.789 0.35 52.69 7.13 13.17 2.829 x 3 1/4 9 3.25 0.23 0.35 4.237 4.983 0.35 54.41 4.40 12.09 1.899 x 4 9 4 0.29 0.44 5.927 6.970 0.35 78.31 9.61 17.40 3.4910 x 3 1/2 10 3.5 0.25 0.41 5.218 6.136 0.35 83.22 6.33 16.64 2.5610 x 4 1/4 10 4.25 0.31 0.50 7.109 8.360 0.40 116.15 13.02 23.23 4.4712 x 4 12 4 0.29 0.47 7.036 8.274 0.40 159.79 11.03 26.63 3.8612 x 5 12 5 0.35 0.62 10.053 11.82 0.45 239.69 25.74 39.95 7.60

C I R C U L A R H O L L O W S E C T I O N S

Nominal Diameter Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Wall Thicknessmm mm mm mm

20 20 18.0 1.020 20 17.6 1.220 20 17.0 1.520 20 16.0 2.020 20 15.0 2.525 25 23.0 1.025 25 22.6 1.225 25 22.0 1.525 25 21.0 2.025 25 20.0 2.530 30 27.6 1.230 30 27.0 1.530 30 26.0 2.030 30 25.0 2.530 30 24.0 3.033 33 30.6 1.233 33 30.0 1.533 33 29.0 2.033 33 28.0 2.533 33 27.0 3.038 38 35.6 1.238 38 35.0 1.538 38 34.0 2.038 38 33.0 2.538 38 32.0 3.041 41 38.6 1.241 41 38.0 1.5

41 41 37.0 2.041 41 36.0 2.541 41 35.0 3.047 47 44.6 1.247 47 44.0 1.547 47 43.0 2.047 47 42.0 2.547 47 41.0 3.050 50 47.0 1.550 50 46.0 2.050 50 45.0 2.550 50 44.0 3.050 50 43.6 3.257 57 54.0 1.557 57 53.0 2.057 57 52.0 2.557 57 51.0 3.057 57 50.6 3.263 63 60.0 1.563 63 59.0 2.063 63 58.0 2.563 63 57.0 3.063 63 56.6 3.275 75 72.0 1.575 75 71.0 2.075 75 70.0 2.575 75 69.0 3.075 75 68.6 3.288 88 85.0 1.588 88 84.0 2.088 88 83.0 2.588 88 82.0 3.088 88 81.6 3.2

F L A N G E B E A M S A N D C O L U M N S

Designation

Depth

Width

Thickness Web

Thickness

Flange

Fillet Radiu

s

Sectional Area

Weight

Moment of

Inertia - Ix

Moment of

Inertia - Iy

Section of

Modulus - Wx

Section of

Modulus - Wy

in in in in in in**2 lb/ft in**4 in**4 in**3 in**33 x 2 1/2 x 1.64

3 2.5 0.13 0.20 0.25 1.39 1.64 2.24 0.52 1.49 0.42

3 x 2 1/2 x 2.03

3 2.5 0.15 0.26 0.25 1.73 2.03 2.71 0.68 1.81 0.54

4 x 3 x 2.31

4 3 0.15 0.23 0.25 1.97 2.31 5.62 1.04 2.81 0.69

4 x 3 x 2.79

4 3 0.17 0.29 0.30 2.38 2.79 6.71 1.31 3.36 0.87

5 x 3 1/2 x 3.70

5 3.5 0.19 0.32 0.30 3.15 3.70 13.9 2.29 5.58 1.31

6 x 4 x 4.03

6 4 0.19 0.29 0.30 3.43 4.03 22.0 3.10 7.33 1.55

6 x 4 x 4.69

6 4 0.21 0.35 0.30 3.99 4.69 25.5 3.74 8.50 1.87

7 x 4 1/2 x 5.80

7 4.5 0.23 0.38 0.30 4.93 5.80 42.9 5.78 12.3 2.57

8 x 5 x 6.18

8 5 0.23 0.35 0.30 5.26 6.18 59.7 7.30 14.9 2.92

8 x 5 x 7.02

8 5 0.25 0.41 0.30 5.97 7.02 67.8 8.55 16.9 3.42

9 x 5 1/2 x 8.63

9 5.5 0.27 0.44 0.30 7.11 8.63 102 12.2 22.7 4.44

10 x 6 x 8.65

10 6 0.25 0.41 0.40 7.35 8.65 132 14.8 26.42 4.93

10 x 6 x 10.29

10 6 0.29 0.50 0.40 8.75 10.29 156 18.0 31.2 6.01

12 x 7 x 11.67

12 7 0.29 0.47 0.40 9.93 11.67 256 26.9 42.6 7.69

12 x 7 x 14.29

12 7 0.31 0.62 0.40 12.2 14.29 317 35.5 52.9 10.1

F L A T S E C T I O N S

Designation Width Depth Weightmm mm kg/m

FLAT 10 x 3 3 10 0.24FLAT 13 x 3 3 13 0.32FLAT 13 x 5 5 13 0.48FLAT 13 x 6 6 13 0.61FLAT 16 x 3 3 16 0.38FLAT 16 x 5 5 16 0.63FLAT 16 x 6 6 16 0.75FLAT 20 x 3 3 20 0.47FLAT 20 x 5 5 20 0.79FLAT 20 x 6 6 20 0.94FLAT 20 x 8 8 20 1.25FLAT 20 x 10 10 20 1.57FLAT 20 x 12 12 20 1.88FLAT 25 x 3 3 25 0.59FLAT 25 x 5 5 25 0.98FLAT 25 x 6 6 25 1.18

FLAT 25 x 8 8 25 1.57FLAT 25 x 10 10 25 1.96FLAT 25 x 12 12 25 2.36FLAT 25 x 15 15 25 2.94FLAT 25 x 20 20 25 3.93FLAT 30 x 3 3 30 0.71FLAT 30 x 5 5 30 1.18FLAT 30 x 6 6 30 1.41FLAT 30 x 8 8 30 1.88FLAT 30 x 10 10 30 2.36FLAT 30 x 12 12 30 2.83FLAT 30 x 15 15 30 3.53FLAT 30 x 20 20 30 4.71FLAT 35 x 3 3 35 0.82FLAT 35 x 5 5 35 1.37FLAT 35 x 6 6 35 1.65FLAT 35 x 8 8 35 2.2FLAT 35 x 10 10 35 2.75FLAT 35 x 12 12 35 3.3FLAT 35 x 15 15 35 4.12FLAT 35 x 20 20 35 5.5FLAT 35 x 25 25 35 6.87FLAT 40 x 3 3 40 0.94FLAT 40 x 5 5 40 1.57FLAT 40 x 6 6 40 1.88FLAT 40 x 8 8 40 2.51FLAT 40 x 10 10 40 3.14FLAT 40 x 12 12 40 3.77FLAT 40 x 15 15 40 4.71FLAT 40 x 20 20 40 6.28FLAT 40 x 25 25 40 7.85FLAT 40 x 30 30 40 9.42FLAT 45 x 3 3 45 1.06FLAT 45 x 5 5 45 1.77FLAT 45 x 6 6 45 2.12FLAT 45 x 8 8 45 2.83FLAT 45 x 10 10 45 3.53FLAT 45 x 12 12 45 4.24FLAT 45 x 15 15 45 5.3FLAT 45 x 20 20 45 7.07FLAT 45 x 25 25 45 8.83FLAT 50 x 3 3 50 1.18

FLAT 50 x 5 5 50 1.96FLAT 50 x 6 6 50 2.36FLAT 50 x 8 8 50 3.14FLAT 50 x 10 10 50 3.93FLAT 50 x 12 12 50 4.72FLAT 50 x 15 15 50 5.89FLAT 50 x 20 20 50 7.85FLAT 50 x 25 25 50 9.81FLAT 50 x 30 30 50 11.8FLAT 50 x 40 40 50 15.7FLAT 60 x 5 5 60 2.36FLAT 60 x 6 6 60 2.83FLAT 60 x 8 8 60 3.77FLAT 60 x 10 10 60 4.71FLAT 60 x 12 12 60 5.66FLAT 60 x 15 15 60 7.07FLAT 60 x 20 20 60 9.42FLAT 60 x 25 25 60 11.8FLAT 60 x 30 30 60 14.13FLAT 65 x 5 5 65 2.55FLAT 65 x 6 6 65 3.06FLAT 65 x 8 8 65 4.08FLAT 65 x 10 10 65 5.1FLAT 65 x 12 12 65 6.12FLAT 65 x 15 15 65 7.65FLAT 65 x 20 20 65 10.2FLAT 65 x 25 25 65 12.8FLAT 65 x 40 40 65 20.4FLAT 65 x 50 50 65 25.5FLAT 70 x 6 6 70 3.3FLAT 70 x 8 8 70 4.4FLAT 70 x 10 10 70 5.5FLAT 70 x 12 12 70 6.6FLAT 70 x 15 15 70 8.24FLAT 70 x 20 20 70 11FLAT 70 x 25 25 70 13.7FLAT 70 x 30 30 70 16.5FLAT 70 x 40 40 70 22FLAT 75 x 6 6 75 3.53FLAT 75 x 8 8 75 4.71FLAT 75 x 10 10 75 5.89FLAT 75 x 12 12 75 7.06

FLAT 75 x 15 15 75 8.83FLAT 75 x 20 20 75 11.8FLAT 75 x 25 25 75 14.7FLAT 80 x 3 3 80 1.88FLAT 80 x 5 5 80 3.14FLAT 80 x 6 6 80 3.77FLAT 80 x 8 8 80 5.02FLAT 80 x 10 10 80 6.28FLAT 80 x 12 12 80 7.54FLAT 80 x 15 15 80 9.42FLAT 80 x 20 20 80 12.6FLAT 80 x 25 25 80 15.7FLAT 80 x 30 30 80 18.8FLAT 80 x 50 50 80 31.4FLAT 90 x 5 5 90 3.53FLAT 90 x 6 6 90 4.24FLAT 92 x 8 8 90 5.65FLAT 90 x 10 10 90 7.07FLAT 90 x 12 12 90 8.48FLAT 90 x 15 15 90 10.6FLAT 90 x 20 20 90 14.1FLAT 90 x 25 25 90 17.7FLAT 90 x 30 30 90 21.2FLAT 100 x 3 3 100 2.36FLAT 100 x 5 5 100 3.93FLAT 100 x 6 6 100 4.71FLAT 100 x 8 8 100 6.28FLAT 100 x 10 10 100 7.85FLAT 100 x 12 12 100 9.42FLAT 100 x 15 15 100 11.8FLAT 100 x 20 20 100 15.7FLAT 100 x 25 25 100 19.6FLAT 100 x 30 30 100 23.6FLAT 100 x 40 40 100 31.4FLAT 100 x 50 50 100 39.3FLAT 110 x 6 6 110 5.18FLAT 110 x 8 8 110 6.91FLAT 110 x 10 10 110 8.64FLAT 110 x 12 12 110 10.4FLAT 110 x 15 15 110 13FLAT 110 x 20 20 110 17.3FLAT 110 x 25 25 110 21.64

FLAT 120 x 6 6 120 5.65FLAT 120 x 8 8 120 7.54FLAT 120 x 10 10 120 9.42FLAT 120 x 12 12 120 11.3FLAT 120 x 15 15 120 14.13FLAT 120 x 20 20 120 18.8FLAT 120 x 25 25 120 23.6FLAT 130 x 5 5 130 5.1FLAT 130 x 6 6 130 6.12FLAT 130 x 8 8 130 8.16FLAT 130 x 10 10 130 10.21FLAT 130 x 12 12 130 12.25FLAT 130 x 15 15 130 15.31FLAT 130 x 20 20 130 20.41FLAT 130 x 25 25 130 25.51FLAT 130 x 30 30 130 30.62FLAT 140 x 6 6 140 6.59FLAT 140 x 12 12 140 13.2FLAT 140 x 15 15 140 16.49FLAT 140 x 25 25 140 27.48FLAT 150 x 5 5 150 5.89FLAT 150 x 6 6 150 7.07FLAT 150 x 8 8 150 9.42FLAT 150 x 10 10 150 11.78FLAT 150 x 12 12 150 14.13FLAT 150 x 15 15 150 17.66FLAT 150 x 20 20 150 23.55FLAT 150 x 25 25 150 29.44FLAT 150 x 30 30 150 35.33FLAT 150 x 40 40 150 47.1FLAT 180 x 6 6 180 8.48FLAT 180 x 8 8 180 11.3FLAT 180 x 10 10 180 14.13FLAT 180 x 12 12 180 16.96FLAT 180 x 15 15 180 21.2FLAT 180 x 20 20 180 28.26FLAT 180 x 25 25 180 35.33FLAT 200 x 6 6 200 9.42FLAT 200 x 8 8 200 12.6FLAT 200 x 10 10 200 15.7FLAT 200 x 12 12 200 18.84FLAT 200 x 15 15 200 23.55

FLAT 200 x 20 20 200 31.4FLAT 200 x 25 25 200 39.25FLAT 220 x 5 5 220 8.64FLAT 220 x 6 6 220 10.36FLAT 220 x 8 8 220 13.82FLAT 220 x 10 10 220 17.27FLAT 220 x 12 12 220 20.72FLAT 220 x 15 15 220 25.91FLAT 220 x 20 20 220 34.54FLAT 220 x 25 25 220 43.18FLAT 230 x 10 10 230 18.1FLAT 230 x 15 15 230 27.1FLAT 230 x 20 20 230 36.1FLAT 230 x 25 25 230 45.1FLAT 250 x 6 6 250 11.78FLAT 250 x 8 8 250 15.7FLAT 250 x 10 10 250 19.6FLAT 250 x 12 12 250 23.55FLAT 250 x 15 15 250 29.44FLAT 250 x 20 20 250 39.25FLAT 250 x 25 25 250 49.06FLAT 300 x 6 6 300 14.13FLAT 300 x 8 8 300 18.84FLAT 300 x 10 10 300 23.55FLAT 300 x 12 12 300 28.26FLAT 300 x 15 15 300 35.33FLAT 300 x 20 20 300 47.1FLAT 300 x 25 25 300 58.88FLAT 350 x 10 10 350 27.48FLAT 350 x 12 12 350 33FLAT 350 x 15 15 350 41.21FLAT 350 x 20 20 350 54.95FLAT 350 x 25 25 350 68.69FLAT 400 x 10 10 400 31.4FLAT 400 x 12 12 400 37.7FLAT 400 x 15 15 400 47.1FLAT 400 x 20 20 400 62.8FLAT 400 x 25 25 400 78.5FLAT 450 x 20 20 450 70.7FLAT 450 x 25 25 450 88.3FLAT 500 x 20 20 500 78.5FLAT 500 x 25 25 500 98.1

FLAT 500 x 30 30 500 118

H O L L O W S T R U C T U R A L S E C T I O N

Designation Width Depth ThicknessExt.

Corner Radii

Int. Corner Radii

MassArea of Section

Second Moment of Area -

Ix

Second Moment of Area -

Iymm mm mm mm mm kg/m cm**2 cm**4 cm**4

RHS 50 x 25 x 2.5

50 25 2.5 3.75 2.5 2.69 3.43 10.4 3.39

RHS 50 x 25 x 3

50 25 3 4.5 3 3.17 4.04 11.9 3.83

RHS 50 x 30 x 2.5

50 30 2.5 3.75 2.5 2.89 3.68 11.8 5.22

RHS 50 x 30 50 30 3 4.5 3 3.41 4.34 13.6 5.94

x 3RHS 50 x 30 x 3.2

50 30 3.2 4.8 3.2 3.61 4.6 14.2 6.2

RHS 50 x 30 x 3.6

50 30 3.6 5.4 3.6 4.01 5.1 15.4 6.67

RHS 50 x 30 x 4

50 30 4 6 4 4.39 5.59 16.5 7.08

RHS 50 x 30 x 5

50 30 5 7.5 5 5.28 6.73 18.7 7.89

RHS 60 x 40 x 2.5

60 40 2.5 3.75 2.5 3.68 4.68 22.8 12.1

RHS 60 x 40 x 3

60 40 3 4.5 3 4.35 5.54 26.5 13.9

RHS 60 x 40 x 3.2

60 40 3.2 4.8 3.2 4.62 5.88 27.8 14.6

RHS 60 x 40 x 3.6

60 40 3.6 5.4 3.6 5.14 6.54 30.4 15.9

RHS 60 x 40 x 4

60 40 4 6 4 5.64 7.19 32.8 17

RHS 60 x 40 x 5

60 40 5 7.5 5 6.85 8.73 38.1 19.5

RHS 60 x 40 x 6

60 40 6 9 6 7.99 10.2 42.3 21.4

RHS 60 x 40 x 6.3

60 40 6.3 9.45 6.3 8.31 10.6 43.4 21.9

RHS 80 x 40 x 3

80 40 3 4.5 3 5.29 6.74 54.2 18

RHS 80 x 40 x 3.2

80 40 3.2 4.8 3.2 5.62 7.16 57.2 18.9

RHS 80 x 40 x 3.6

80 40 3.6 5.4 3.6 6.27 7.98 62.8 20.6

RHS 80 x 40 x 4

80 40 4 6 4 6.9 8.79 68.2 22.2

RHS 80 x 40 x 5

80 40 5 7.5 5 8.42 10.7 80.3 25.7

RHS 80 x 40 x 6

80 40 6 9 6 9.87 12.6 90.5 28.5

RHS 80 x 40 x 6.3

80 40 6.3 9.45 6.3 10.3 13.1 93.3 29.2

RHS 80 x 40 x 8

80 40 8 12 8 12.5 16 106 32.1

RHS 76.2 x 50.8 x 3

76.2 50.8 3 4.5 3 5.62 7.16 56.7 30

RHS 76.2 x 76.2 50.8 3.2 4.8 3.2 5.97 7.61 59.8 31.6

50.8 x 3.2RHS 76.2 x 50.8 x 3.6

76.2 50.8 3.6 5.4 3.6 6.66 8.49 65.8 34.6

RHS 76.2 x 50.8 x 4

76.2 50.8 4 6 4 7.34 9.35 71.5 37.5

RHS 76.2 x 50.8 x 5

76.2 50.8 5 7.5 5 8.97 11.4 84.4 43.9

RHS 76.2 x 50.8 x 6

76.2 50.8 6 9 6 10.5 13.4 95.6 49.2

RHS 76.2 x 50.8 x 6.3

76.2 50.8 6.3 9.45 6.3 11 14 98.6 50.6

RHS 76.2 x 50.8 x 8

76.2 50.8 8 12 8 13.4 17.1 113 57

RHS 90 x 50 x 3

90 50 3 4.5 3 6.24 7.94 84.4 33.5

RHS 90 x 50 x 3.2

90 50 3.2 4.8 3.2 6.63 8.44 89.1 35.3

RHS 90 x 50 x 3.6

90 50 3.6 5.4 3.6 7.4 9.42 98.3 38.7

RHS 90 x 50 x 4

90 50 4 6 4 8.15 10.4 107 41.9

RHS 90 x 50 x 5

90 50 5 7.5 5 9.99 12.7 127 49.2

RHS 90 x 50 x 6

90 50 6 9 6 11.8 15 145 55.4

RHS 90 x 50 x 6.3

90 50 6.3 9.45 6.3 12.3 15.6 150 57

RHS 90 x 50 x 8

90 50 8 12 8 15 19.2 174 64.6

RHS 100 x 50 x 3

100 50 3 4.5 3 6.71 8.54 110 36.8

RHS 100 x 50 x 3.2

100 50 3.2 4.8 3.2 7.13 9.08 116 38.8

RHS 100 x 50 x 3.6

100 50 3.6 5.4 3.6 7.96 10.1 128 42.6

RHS 100 x 50 x 4

100 50 4 6 4 8.78 11.2 140 46.2

RHS 100 x 50 x 5

100 50 5 7.5 5 10.8 13.7 167 54.3

RHS 100 x 50 x 6

100 50 6 9 6 12.7 16.2 190 61.2

RHS 100 x 50 x 6.3

100 50 6.3 9.45 6.3 13.3 16.9 197 63

RHS 100 x 100 50 8 12 8 16.3 20.8 230 71.7

50 x 8RHS 100 x 60 x 3

100 60 3 4.5 3 7.18 9.14 124 55.7

RHS 100 x 60 x 3.2

100 60 3.2 4.8 3.2 7.63 9.72 131 58.8

RHS 100 x 60 x 3.6

100 60 3.6 5.4 3.6 8.53 10.9 145 64.8

RHS 100 x 60 x 4

100 60 4 6 4 9.41 12 158 70.5

RHS 100 x 60 x 5

100 60 5 7.5 5 11.6 14.7 189 83.6

RHS 100 x 60 x 6

100 60 6 9 6 13.6 17.4 217 95

RHS 100 x 60 x 6.3

100 60 6.3 9.45 6.3 14.2 18.1 225 98.1

RHS 100 x 60 x 8

100 60 8 12 8 17.5 22.4 264 113

RHS 120 x 60 x 3.6

120 60 3.6 5.4 3.6 9.66 12.3 227 76.3

RHS 120 x 60 x 4

120 60 4 6 4 10.7 13.6 249 83.1

RHS 120 x 60 x 5

120 60 5 7.5 5 13.1 16.7 299 98.8

RHS 120 x 60 x 6

120 60 6 9 6 15.5 19.8 345 113

RHS 120 x 60 x 6.3

120 60 6.3 9.45 6.3 16.2 20.7 358 116

RHS 120 x 60 x 8

120 60 8 12 8 20.1 25.6 425 135

RHS 120 x 60 x 10

120 60 10 12 8 24.6 31.3 503 155

RHS 120 x 80 x 3.6

120 80 3.6 5.4 3.6 10.8 13.7 276 147

RHS 120 x 80 x 4

120 80 4 6 4 11.9 15.2 303 161

RHS 120 x 80 x 5

120 80 5 7.5 5 14.7 18.7 365 193

RHS 120 x 80 x 6

120 80 6 9 6 17.4 22.2 423 222

RHS 120 x 80 x 6.3

120 80 6.3 9.45 6.3 18.2 23.2 440 230

RHS 120 x 80 x 8

120 80 8 12 8 22.6 28.8 525 273

RHS 120 x 120 80 10 15 10 27.4 34.9 609 313

80 x 10RHS 140 x 80 x 4

140 80 4 6 4 13.2 16.8 441 184

RHS 140 x 80 x 5

140 80 5 7.5 5 16.3 20.7 534 221

RHS 140 x 80 x 6

140 80 6 9 6 19.3 24.6 621 255

RHS 140 x 80 x 6.3

140 80 6.3 9.45 6.3 20.2 25.7 646 265

RHS 140 x 80 x 8

140 80 8 12 8 25.1 32 776 314

RHS 140 x 80 x 10

140 80 10 15 10 30.6 38.9 908 362

RHS 150 x 100 x 4

150 100 4 6 4 15.1 19.2 607 324

RHS 150 x 100 x 5

150 100 5 7.5 5 18.6 23.7 739 392

RHS 150 x 100 x 6

150 100 6 9 6 22.1 28.2 862 456

RHS 150 x 100 x 6.3

150 100 6.3 9.45 6.3 23.1 29.5 898 474

RHS 150 x 100 x 8

150 100 8 12 8 28.9 36.8 1087 569

RHS 150 x 100 x 10

150 100 10 15 10 35.3 44.9 1282 665

RHS 150 x 100 x 12

150 100 12 18 12 41.4 52.7 1450 745

RHS 150 x 100 x 12.5

150 100 12.5 18.75 12.5 42.8 54.6 1488 763

RHS 160 x 80 x 4

160 80 4 6 4 14.4 18.4 612 207

RHS 160 x 80 x 5

160 80 5 7.5 5 17.8 22.7 744 249

RHS 160 x 80 x 6

160 80 6 9 6 21.2 27 868 288

RHS 160 x 80 x 6.3

160 80 6.3 9.45 6.3 22.2 28.2 903 299

RHS 160 x 80 x 8

160 80 8 12 8 27.6 35.2 1091 356

RHS 160 x 80 x 10

160 80 10 15 10 33.7 42.9 1284 411

RHS 160 x 80 x 12

160 80 12 18 12 39.5 50.3 1449 455

RHS 160 x |160 80 12.5 18.75 12.5 40.9 52.1 1485 465

80 x 12.5RHS 180 x 100 x 4

180 100 4 6 4 16.9 21.6 945 379

RHS 180 x 100 x 5

180 100 5 7.5 5 21 26.7 1153 460

RHS 180 x 100 x 6

180 100 6 9 6 24.9 31.8 1350 536

RHS 180 x 100 x 6.3

180 100 6.3 9.45 6.3 26.1 33.3 1407 557

RHS 180 x 100 x 8

180 100 8 12 8 32.6 41.6 1713 671

RHS 180 x 100 x 10

180 100 10 15 10 40 50.9 2036 787

RHS 180 x 100 x 12

180 100 12 18 12 47 59.9 2320 886

RHS 180 x 100 x 12.5

180 100 12.5 18.75 12.5 48.7 62.1 2385 908

RHS 200 x 100 x 4

200 100 4 7.5 5 18.1 23.1 1213 414

RHS 200 x 100 x 5

200 100 5 7.5 5 22.6 28.7 1495 505

RHS 200 x 100 x 6

200 100 6 9 6 26.8 34.2 1754 589

RHS 200 x 100 x 6.3

200 100 6.3 9.45 6.3 28.1 35.8 1829 613

RHS 200 x 100 x 8

200 100 8 12 8 35.1 44.8 2234 739

RHS 200 x 100 x 10

200 100 10 15 10 43.1 54.9 2664 869

RHS 200 x 100 x 12

200 100 12 18 12 50.8 64.7 3047 979

RHS 200 x 100 x 12.5

200 100 12.5 18.75 12.5 52.7 67.1 3136 1004

RHS 200 x 100 x 16

200 100 16 24 16 65.2 83 3678 1147

RHS 200 x 120 x 6

200 120 6 9.45 6.3 28.7 36.5 1976 890

RHS 200 x 120 x 6.3

200 120 6.3 12 8 29.9 38 2039 919

RHS 200 x 120 x 8

200 120 8 15 10 37.3 47.6 2490 1114

RHS 200 x 120 x 10

200 120 10 18 12 45.9 58.5 2978 1320

RHS 200 x 200 120 12 18.75 12.5 54.5 69.4 3459 1515

120 x 12RHS 200 x 120 x 12.5

200 120 12.5 24 16 55.7 71 3468 1524

RHS 250 x 150 x 5

250 150 5 7.5 5 30.4 38.7 3360 1527

RHS 250 x 150 x 6

250 150 6 9 6 36.2 46.2 3965 1796

RHS 250 x 150 x 6.3

|250 150 6.3 9.45 6.3 38 48.4 4143 1874

RHS 250 x 150 x 8

250 150 8 12 8 47.7 60.8 5111 2298

RHS 250 x 150 x 10

250 150 10 15 10 58.8 74.9 6174 2755

RHS 250 x 150 x 12

250 150 12 18 12 69.6 88.7 7154 3168

RHS 250 x 150 x 12.5

250 150 12.5 18.75 12.5 72.3 92.1 7387 3265

RHS 250 x 150 x 16

250 150 16 24 16 90.3 115 8879 3873

RHS 260 x 180 x 6

260 180 6 9 6 40 51 4942 2804

RHS 260 x 180 x 6.3

260 180 6.3 9.45 6.3 41.9 53.4 5166 2929

RHS 260 x 180 x 8

260 180 8 12 8 52.7 67.2 6390 3608

RHS 260 x 180 x 10

260 180 10 15 10 65.1 82.9 7741 4351

RHS 260 x 180 x 12

260 180 12 18 12 77.2 98.3 8999 5034

RHS 260 x 180 x 12.5

260 180 12.5 18.75 12.5 80.1 102 9299 5196

RHS 260 x 180 x 16

260 180 16 24 16 100 128 11245 6231

RHS 300 x 200 x 5

300 200 5 7.5 5 38.3 48.7 6322 3396

RHS 300 x 200 x 6

300 200 6 9 6 45.7 58.2 7486 4013

RHS 300 x 200 x 6.3

300 200 6.3 9.45 6.3 47.9 61 7829 4193

RHS 300 x 200 x 8

300 200 8 12 8 60.3 76.8 9717 5184

RHS 300 x 200 x 10

300 200 10 15 10 74.5 94.9 11819 6278

RHS 300 x 300 200 12 18 12 88.5 113 13797 7294

200 x 12RHS 300 x 200 x 12.5

300 200 12.5 18.75 12.5 91.9 117 14273 7537

RHS 300 x 200 x 16

300 200 16 24 16 115 147 17390 9109

RHS 350 x 250 x 6

350 250 6 9 6 55.1 70.2 12616 7538

RHS 350 x 250 x 6.3

350 250 6.3 9.45 6.3 57.8 73.6 13203 7885

RHS 350 x 250 x 8

350 250 8 12 8 72.8 92.8 16449 9798

RHS 350 x 250 x 10

350 250 10 15 10 90.2 115 20102 11937

RHS 350 x 250 x 12

|350 250 12 18 12 107 137 23577 13957

RHS 350 x 250 x 12.5

350 250 12.5 18.75 12.5 112 142 24419 14444

RHS 350 x 250 x 16

350 250 16 24 16 141 179 30011 17654

RHS 400 x 200 x 6

400 200 6 9 6 55.1 70.2 14998 5142

RHS 400 x 200 x 6.3

400 200 6.3 9.45 6.3 57.8 73.6 15696 5376

RHS 400 x 200 x 8

400 200 8 12 8 72.8 92.8 19562 6660

RHS 400 x 200 x 10

400 200 10 15 10 90.2 115 23914 8084

RHS 400 x 200 x 12

400 200 12 18 12 107 137 28059 9418

RHS 400 x 200 x 12.5

400 200 12.5 18.75 12.5 112 142 29063 9738

RHS 400 x 200 x 16

400 200 16 24 16 141 179 35738 11824

RHS 450 x 250 x 8

450 250 8 12 8 85.4 109 30082 12142

RHS 450 x 250 x 10

450 250 10 15 10 106 135 36895 14819

RHS 450 x 250 x 12

450 250 12 18 12 126 161 43434 17359

RHS 450 x 250 x 12.5

450 250 12.5 18.75 12.5 131 167 45026 17973

RHS 450 x 250 x 16

450 250 16 24 16 166 211 55705 22041

RHS 500 x 500 300 8 12 8 97.9 125 43728 19951

300 x 8RHS 500 x 300 x 10

500 300 10 15 10 122 155 53762 24439

RHS 500 x 300 x 12

500 300 12 18 12 145 185 63446 28736

RHS 500 x 300 x 12.5

500 300 12.5 18.75 12.5 151 192 65813 29780

RHS 500 x 300 x 16

500 300 16 24 16 191 243 81783 36768

RHS 500 x 300 x 20

500 300 20 30 20 235 300 98777 44078

T E E S E C T I O N S

Designation

Depth

Width

Thickness Web

Thickness

Flange

Root Radiu

s

Sectional Area

Weight

Moment of

Inertia - Ix

Moment of

Inertia - Iy

Section of

Modulus - Wx

Section of

Modulus - Wy

mm mm mm mm mm cm**2 kg/m cm**4 cm**4 cm**3 cm**3203 x 127 x 41

127 203.2 10.2 19.9 19.6 52.3 41 464 1140 194 112

114 x 127 x 19

127 114.3 7.6 12.8 12.4 23.7 18.6 315 135 105 23.6

152 x 102 x 26

101.6 152.4 8.9 16.5 15.5 33.3 26.1 201 408 98.9 53.5

127 x 76 x 76.2 127 10.4 13.2 13.5 23.7 18.6 92.1 189 52.5 29.8

19114 x 63.5 x 15

63.5 114.3 10.2 11.5 9.9 18.7 14.7 51.3 121 34.1 21.2

114 x 63 x 14

63.5 114.3 7.4 11.4 9.9 17.1 13.4 40.1 118 30.3 20.6

76 x 64 x 8

63.5 76.2 5.6 9.6 9.4 10.5 8.27 29.3 30.4 20.7 8.0

114 x 57 x 14

57.15 114.3 9.5 10.7 14.2 17.2 13.5 35.6 112 26.9 19.6

102 x 51 x 12

50.8 101.6 9.5 10.3 11.1 14.7 11.5 24.3 77 20 15.2

44 x 51 x 4

50.8 44.5 4.3 6.1 6.9 4.75 3.73 10.5 3.9 7.8 1.8

89 x 45 x 10

44.45 88.9 9.5 9.9 11.1 12.4 9.76 15.8 50.6 14.1 11.4

76 x 38 x 8

38.1 76.2 8.9 8.4 9.4 9.57 9.51 9.2 30.5 9.4 7.6

76 x 38 x 7

38.1 76.2 5.1 8.4 9.4 8.12 6.38 6 25.9 7.4 6.8